Agreement theory has played a very revolutionary role in history，Enlightenment thinkers to agree to the theory to negate the rule of the divine right，The theoretical foundation has laid the theoretical foundation for the establishment of the new political order。But，Since the 20th century，A consent theory as the foundation of Western political philosophy gradually shows a decline，The scenery is no longer。As some scholars clearly pointed out: "Since the late 20th century，A trend of refusing to agree theory in the study of mainstream political philosophy，Whether at the domestic or international political level，Scholars no longer recognize the status of consent as a source of political obligations and the prerequisite for common action。”

　Bet365 app download The changes in conditions lead to its decline

The decline of the theory in Western political philosophy is not an accidental event，but a certain inevitable expression。That is to say，The legitimacy of political authority、The consent of the legitimacy of political obligations The theoretical theory is gradually annihilating.。The academic community has not discussed in detail about this，The author believes that mainly includes the following two aspects。

First，Agree with the theory that there are some unparalleled defects。When Lockefu proposed the theory of consent，He has realized the limitations of explicit consent，and try to repairs it with an implicit consent，Some scholars who are followed by various doubts about the theory of consent also try to improve it，But the improved improvement has not fundamentally made up for the inherent defects of the theory bet365 Play online games of consent。Just as William A. Edmundson pointed out: "It seems natural and the only possible measure to defend the authority for authority: Then to the recent David Estlund, I tried to use the moral influence of consent to provide defense for authority。But all these attempts ended in failure。"Since all repair plans that agree with the theory so far are failed，Therefore, the consent theory as the basis of political theory is not strange to gradually decline。

Second，Social foundation of Western countries since the 20th century、Changes in historical conditions，Make the theory of consent no longer has the value of the bourgeoisie rising period。Locke's consent theory proposed in the 17th century subverted the monarchy theory of the monarchy that defended the feudal rule，Objectively adapting to the needs of the emerging bourgeoisie for governing power，This is the historical value that agree with the theory。and once the bourgeoisie obtains national power，and steadily establish your own dominance status，The value of consent theory will gradually dissolve。In other words，The bourgeoisie converts the status from the ruling class to the ruling class，Decided the fall of the historical value of consent theory。People have completely reasons to think，The bourgeois who has obtained the right to rule has not been much needed to demonstrate the legitimacy of the power of their rule based on consent theory; on the contrary，Class interests determine that it cannot be allowed or allowed to ask citizens to ask for rule measures、Is the policy consent by the ruler。

　　A dialectical analysis and consent theory

Due to some inherent defects that cannot be made up or difficult to improve due to the theory itself and changes in social historical conditions，The decline of the theory in Western political philosophy is an indisputable fact。But，Agreement of the theory as the basis of the basis of political philosophy，It does not mean that the theory of consent Bet365 lotto review is nothing to do，It does not show that any factors in the theory are worthless.。Although the theory of consent can be proved as a so -called political authority or political obligation，But agree with some core elements in the theory，But still has its own value。For example，As the fundamental concept of consent theory，is one of the core elements that still have important value。The theory of consent that has declined as a whole，We should have a dialectical attitude: not to hold it because of the historical values ​​it had previously used，but not to put it into the Cold Palace because of its overall decline，should go to its dross、Take its essence。

Actually，As early as the 1970s，There are Western scholars trying to use dialectical methods to examine the theory of consent。For example，Mark E. Kann (Mark E. KANN) once pointed out the dilemma of the theory of consent theory，Analysis of the dialectical nature of consent theory，"The most legal government is the government that promotes and allows the most objections"; "the most legal government has become a government that promotes and allows its authority to be the biggest questioning of its authority"。His meaning is，Consent theory used to prove the legitimacy of political authority，Finally, logically will inevitably lead to the space that citizens disagree; the degree of legitimacy of political authority，The possibility of disagree with citizens is positively correlated。Visible，This relationship between consent requirements and the possibility of disagreement is indeed a dialectical contradiction。Although Mark Kane's analysis of the dialectical nature of consent theory，The purpose is to save the theory of consent as the foundation of political philosophy，But this kind of rescue is the same as other forms of rescue，In the end, it is still impossible to reverse the consent theoretical overall defeat trend。

Although Mark Kane's dialectical analysis of consent theory is futile，bet365 live casino games But this only indicates that the decline in consent theory is already an unstoppable historical necessity，does not mean that the dialectical analysis method itself is wrong or worthless。If we admit that the decline of consent theory as the basis of political philosophy is an irreversible historical trend, it has a dialectical analysis of it，So，We should see that the consent theory is a failure or failure or failure in terms of political authority or political obligations as a whole，It should be analyzed from it to the concept of consent as one of the core elements，Digging its legitimacy，and clarify its correct application in various realistic situations。So，It is possible to achieve the abandonment of the theory of consent theory。

　　The value of consent concept exists

　For comprehensive、Objectively understand the dialectical nature and meaning of consenting concept，We should realize such a basic fact: Today's consent not only exists in the traditional political field，and shine outside the political field。Agree with this extensive existence of concepts outside the political field，It is precisely that it does not lose its own value with the decline of consent theory。

It is not difficult to find related literature in the history of modern and contemporary Western thoughts: since the 20th century，People are no longer limited to the use of consent in the political field，Instead, it often overflows it outside the political field，In the economy、Medical、Insurance、Marriage and other social life is widely concerned about consent issues。A consent theory as the foundation of political philosophy has lost its original evidence to the value of political authority or political obligations，But agree as a general concept，But in other fields, it is more and more deeper into people's hearts，more and more show its unable bet365 Play online games to replace the value。Agreement theory has fallen，A concept of concept is not available。

Neil C. Manson discussed the so -called "licensed consent" of its proposal: "The focus of our discussion is licensed consent，instead of the consent of the consent of the agreement may be constrained by the contract terms。The focus of our discussion is also limited to the consent of the individual，instead of system、licenses given by collective or group ... The role of licensed consent involves different types of specifications: moral specifications、Legal specifications、Social Standards、Etiquette specifications and regulations or agreements established by the contract。"From the specifications that Niel Manson agreed with the consent of permission，It is obviously not limited to the political field。And，licensed consent is an individual，This is based on the basis of the traditional consent theory as the basis of political authority or political obligations、Often the consent of the group is different。This means，Understanding of consent of concept，In fact, it can break through the restrictions of the theory of consent of political philosophy，Give it a more general meaning，instead of being limited to narrow political philosophy meanings。

It should be pointed out，Before modern times，There is the use of concepts outside some political fields。For example，David Johnston said "confirmed the authorization、Agreement to generate obligations and transfer risks and responsibilities from this side to another "，To a large extent, agree。And，This use is not something only in modern times，Instead of all history that runs through Western society。But，This use of concept of concept，After modern times, it was blocked by the conceptual concept of the political field。The fundamental reason is，The bourgeoisie as an emerging class has bet365 best casino games a strong rising need to rising into the ruling class，Decided that it is necessary to deny the political authority theory of "monarchy"，Agreement theory is the most practical spiritual weapon that achieves this purpose。That time，Using consent theory to deny the urgency of "monarchy"、Important，far exceeding other applications that consent concepts，Therefore, since modern times，The application of consent in the political field is very prominent，and its application in the non -political field has not been paid attention to or valued。

Even in the political field，It can’t be due to the traditional、Classic consent theory failed to prove political authority or political obligations，The concept of consent is completely expelled from the political field。In today's Western Academy，Some scholars still try to explain some political phenomena with consenting concepts。For example，John Meadowcroft pointed，and the inequality of power inevitably come from the inequality of these income and wealth。But，If there is a consistency consent in the process of resource and power, if there is a consistent consent in the process of resource and power，So，These inequality may be legal。"here，John Midcrovt's use of consent，Obviously different from the traditional、Classic Consent theory。Although this explanation may not be recognized by people，But use consent in the political field，Indeed, the idea of ​​using consent in the political field for people。Agree with the concept of concept can not be used as a political authority or political obligation，Perhaps in other aspects of the political field, it will have certain、The role or value that cannot be ignored。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund Project "Agree with the Migration of Political Science to Ethics and its legitimacy" (17bzx019) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Public Management of Hangzhou Normal University)