Modern New Confucianism officially appeared on the stage of modern Chinese history in the new culture movement，The central topic faced in the context of modern Chinese culture is to deal with the challenges of enlightenment and modern value with the theme of "science" and "democracy"，Reconstruction of the Confucian tradition that has legitimacy in modern realm。Facing the newly entered Western modern culture and the dual challenges of Christianity，Early (New Culture Movement until 1949) Most of the modern Confucianism accepted the perspective of enlightenment thinkers who are completely opposed to religious beliefs with the spirit of rationality，It is believed that religious beliefs are the cultural patterns of modernity and the cultural spirit of modernity，Then adopt the strategy of recognizing the modern value of western culture and reconcile Christianity。Early modern New Confucianism draws the rational spirit of Western cultural power and resolutely oppose and reject the religious beliefs of Christianity，This analysis of the practice and the road are quite popular in the trend of modern Confucianism，Its deep logic was mainly affected by the popular "middle and west use theory" at that time。Under the control of this theoretical mode，They follow the ideological path of traditional philosophy generalism，It advocates that "new king" from "inner sanctuary"，Link to dredge its contact with the spirit of modernity with science and democracy as its core content。They generally take the rational spirit of Western modernity as tools and means，And its ultimate goal is to adhere to the Confucian tradition without shaking。It can be said，Early modern new Confucianism put forward the "alternative theory" of various religions from the traditional cultural position of the Confucian tradition，The background of the special era of fierce conflict and collision of Chinese and Western culture at that time，Its theoretical essence is to replace Christian religious beliefs with the traditional moral rationalism of Confucianism，The purpose of achieving its traditional Confucian culture as the standard with Western culture and Christianity。

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In the May 4th period，Non -religious、The trend of thought of non -founded supervisors is popular for a while，Question about Bet365 lotto review whether Confucianism is religion，It was also a hot spot that triggered the extensive participation and discussion of the entire academic community at that time。Early modern Confucianism in this religious discussion，Often emphasizes the spiritual characteristics of Confucian traditional humanism，It is recognized that Confucianism is a kind of social ethics and philosophy of life rather than religion。At the same time，They regard religion as a belief that surpass the entity。Obviously，This is the position of the early modern Confucianism that recognizes traditional culture，Based on the general definition of the Confucian tradition and Western Christianity，Then I got the moral form of Confucianism and completely denied religion、The conclusion of rejection。Liang Shuming is the pioneering character of the new Confucian jungle，He in "East and West Culture and his philosophy"，Put forward the famous world culture "three directions" saying，On the relationship between the Confucian tradition and Christianity，and Indian Buddhism and Christianity as the type and representative of religion。He asserts，The so -called religion is all "super" things that are knowledgeable，Converted to the existing world and converted to the "God", "Fairy", "Emperor", and "Heaven".。Therefore，All religions have more or less tendency to be born。From this perspective，Liang Shuming basically defines and judges religion with the life of birth。Although he admits that Christianity has the effect of replenishing partial rescue for Western culture，But he relies on Christians、Lucking God to save it with pictures，Great surprise，Vision as false "fantasy"。Liang Shuming regards religion as the cultural culture of the birth style，It believes that its existence in recent times has a certain value，But is a big question。Therefore，Liang Shuming believes that it must be fully rejected for religion、No attitude。Like it，Xiong Shili also asserted，"Religion is a true slaughter that converts to the universe by the devotion of emotion。This Zhenzai is completely a delusional structure of his imagination "。He basically rejected religion、Attitude。Visible，regards the Confucian tradition as a non -religious culture，Admitting the Confucian tradition "non -religious"，This view has universality among the early modern Confucian groups。Most of them follow and agree with the academic world about religion at that time.，It aims to prove bet365 live casino games that religion is outdated，The Confucian tradition does not belong to this column。and the religion they have identified，In fact, it mainly refers to Christianity; in other words，Christianity is the main object of its "non -"。

In the non -religious thought tide of the May 4th period，New intellectuals regard religion as "Qianqing's robe gown" and "leftover"，Proposal to oppose full strength，Then seek alternatives of religion。But，Among the various religious alternatives they hurriedly look for，For example, "Aesthetic Religion", "Anti -Religion with Morality", "Anti -religion with philosophy", and "Social Immortal Theory"，People seem to be faintly glimpsed to glimpse the art education that traditional Confucianism once played、Moral Education、Multiple social functions such as rational education and even personality education。From this we know，The deep impact of traditional culture is not underestimated。Among the early modern New Confucianism，advocates that the Confucian tradition as a replacement of religion，No shortage of people。Liang Shuming does not agree with the attitude towards life of religion，But he also believes that religion has the function of "comfort for people's emotional aspects"。He believes that Confucian moral idealism is the most complete and Gaoming，It can replace all the functions of religion in regulating society and guiding life。Therefore, he proposed "the theory of religion with morality"。Xiong Shili is based on the criticism of the ontology of the body and the phenomenon of the body and the phenomenon of the Western philosophy，Basically opposed the belief of Christianity that transcended the substantive God beyond the real world。He thinks，Only Chinese traditional Confucian philosophy "that is, use" and "physical use" mental philosophy，Is the Chinese conversion and the right choice for the Chinese people。Xiong Shili actually proposed the claim of replacing religion with the traditional mind philosophy or morality of Confucianism。In Feng Youlan's religion，Religious generally is a medieval thought，and modern science、Permissions of the Period of Rational Relators，As a result of the decline of it in modern society。He pointed out again，Although religion exceeds general experience and rational speculation，But its unique mysterious methods can provide humans with a more advanced spiritual realm and "settlement" through spiritual cultivation。In his opinion，Philosophy, Bet365 app download especially the "new science" he advocated, can provide a similar spiritual realm，Neither the disadvantages of religion，It can also replace religious beliefs to provide human beings with the function of ultimate care and life。As a result, he proposed a judgment of "religion with philosophy"。Visible，Early Modern New Confucianism because of worry about the fate of the Confucian tradition by Christianity，It advocates the use of traditional Chinese Confucian philosophy to replace the function of religion。They advocate "Confucianism Non -religious theory"，Attachment "Religious replacement theory"，Try to use modern academics to defore Confucianism for difficulty in Confucianism，Can be described as good intentions。

　Early modern new Confucian "non -religious" theoretical basis

Early Modern Confucianism against Christian religious beliefs，It is because they adhere to the position of the culture，Conscious response to the Confucian tradition being challenged by Western culture and Christianity，It can also be said，It is a "nursing" position。Xiong Shili is a philosopher with original thoughts，When he establishes his philosophical system，There are some critical discussions on religion，It can show the characteristics of Chinese and Western culture。Xiong believes，The characteristics of Chinese philosophy lies in "Terminal use"，The body and phenomenon are unified，is the relationship between "that is the body"; and the body and use of Western philosophy are the relationship between dual confrontation。He pointed out，Western philosophy and religion are consistent in the way of thinking，All with external reasoning、How to push for，Find a body outside or after the phenomenal world，Existing it as an independent entity，As the origin of the world's pole、According to。This ontology thinking splits the ontology and phenomenon，It says "always analyze the body and phenomenon into two pieces"。In his opinion，The most important feature of Western religion is that it is based on the sense of transcendence pursuing，This is inspired、Form its unique external、Extreme "transcendence"，or the spirit of "external transcendence"。On the contrary，Chinese "do not like chasing out，and emotional abstinence，The concept of the Emperor Tian Emperor can be transformed into the inner self -rooted body or dominance，None of the Objective God "。I want，"The characteristics of the Chinese nation，is no religious thought "。Xiong Shili from its bet365 live casino games "physical use" philosophical view，Creator who surpasses the world in Western religions、God's concept of God，Don't take it for granted。This is also the Xiong's criticism、The main reason to oppose Western religion。Visible，Xiong Shili's "Terminal" philosophical theory，concentrated reflects the early modern new Confucianism from the Confucian tradition against Christianity's cultural position and basic point of view，Is a typical。They insist on the traditional humanism against Christianity of Christianism，Show the Confucian tradition and Christianity in metaphysics、Philosophy of Life、A series of theoretical issues such as human nature theory。Between back，They still follow and follow the traditional philosophy of traditional philosophy, especially the mind and the philosophy of the philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasty，Try to use the theoretical methods of using Western modern philosophy to rebuild the traditional moral school system of Confucianism，and as a basis for which it comes to compete with Western culture and Christianity。

Obviously，Early modern new Confucian rejection、Reasons and reasons for abandoning religion，First of all, the traditional philosophy of Confucianism is mainly the philosophical theory of moral schooling。Not only that，They often learn and use the ideological achievements of modern science and philosophy and culture in Western in the West，Tools and means as a religious criticism。Feng Youlan's theoretical contribution to the early modern Confucianism is，His logic analysis method of Western philosophy，Re -interpret and explain and explain the traditional Chinese Confucianism, especially Song and Mingli，Created a philosophical system of "new science"。He is influenced by some modern western enlightenment thinkers，Depending on religion as the product of the era of low era of human rational thinking and scientific knowledge。He proposed，The so -called religion is a philosophy plus a certain upper building，Including superstition、Dodontic、ritual and organization。He thinks，Religion contains superstition、Factors of Myth，and modern science、Relative spirit of rational spirit。The fundamental concept of religion is like God、God、Heaven or Paradise、Genesis said，In the final analysis, the principle of rationality cannot be confirmed or proved，Can only believe it from the standpoint of faith，but not from the standpoint of righteousness, bet365 Play online games it is available。So he asserted，beliefs of all religions，It's just some vague、Concept of chaotic knowledge and concept，It is the fundamental opposition with the spirit of modern rationality and science。Visible，Feng Youlan is more to criticize and deny religion with the help of enlightenment rationality and modern scientific thoughts。Actually，In the perspective of comparison of Feng Youlan,，Its potentially dominant thought is to find and find the real reason for the differences between East and West，Then use and draw on the ideological resources of modern academic culture as much as possible，Seeking the turning and development of the Confucian tradition in modern history。Early modern new Confucianism draws and uses theoretical results of modern science and enlightenment ideas to oppose Christianity，This method of "learning" that attacked the secularity of Western culture and abandoned its transcendence，In fact, in the Confucian tradition, there is a long -term source flow and inheritance，and in modern new Confucianism is a common popular point of view。From this，It shows the basic position of the new Confucianism based on the Confucian tradition to adopt and learn from Western modern culture，There is an open and progressive side，But it is difficult to get rid of its conservative and limited side，Its actual role and impact are quite complicated。

　　The theoretical basis and evaluation of "Middle West use theory"

Early modern New Confucianism has a set of theories when treating Western culture，That is "the theory of the middle of the West"。Feng Youlan acknowledged，"The so -called middle and West use theory，means that the morality of organizing society is what the Chinese owned，The adder now is the knowledge of Western、Technology、Industry "。Feng's Theory，It is quite representative among modern Confucianism。They generally think，"Wonderful" and Young Chang in Western Culture in "Science" and "Democracy"，It is a part that needs to be fully learned and drawn; and Christian religious beliefs are left in the Middle Ages，Victory with the modern spirit，It is also an object that needs to be rejected and opposed。For the main matter，Early Modern New Confucianism denies and rejected Christianity，There are two layers of theoretical presets。From the surface level，Early modern new Confucianism adopts some doctrines and opinions that enlightenment thinkers oppose religion，Emphasize religious beliefs with the spirit of modern science and rational spirit。in the theoretical deep，Bet365 app download Their motivation to reject Christianity is because they insist on the traditional cultural position of the Confucian tradition。Early modern new Confucianism generally regards the rational spirit of Western modernity as a tool rationality，And its ultimate value goal is to maintain the basic status of the Confucian tradition in the non -fall。This has also become their rejection、The main theoretical basis against Christianity。This set of studies of early modern Confucianism，It has indeed played a certain theoretical effect，But it has obvious timeliness and limitations。This is because they just seize some theoretical perspectives that are opposed to religion，I did not comprehensively examine science、The complex internal connection and interaction relationship between the spirit of rational and religious beliefs。other，They start to oppose Christianity from the enlightenment of Western modernity，It cannot reflect the self -consistentness of its own theory。

　　(This article is the later funding of the National Social Science Foundation "Western God and Chinese Thought -the Research on Christian Interpretation Models in Modern Intellectuals in China" (18FZX063)

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Heilongjiang University)