The status of morality in Marx's thought，Focus on the debate of contemporary American Marxists in the past 40 years。In the debate，There is a view that Marx refers to moral nihilist。The so -called "moral nihilism"，is a ethical point of view that deny moral reality。Take a comprehensive，Western scholars determine that Marx is the "reason" of moral nihilism: one is to think that Marx's completely atheist stance，It determines that he must deny the existence of all super Bet365 lotto review -emotional fields including morality and ethical values; the second is that the "Communist Manifesto" advocates "no moral preaching" and "the bet365 live casino games most bet365 live casino games thorough break with traditional concepts".，Among them, it includes the break of the concept of traditional values; the third is that Marx believes in the category of the secondary ideology of a sub -building that is affiliated to the upper -level building。In fact，Western academic circles are used to accuse Marx with three reasons for moral nihilism，All are based on misunderstandings and misunderstandings of related ideas。It can be seen through the overall grasp and interpretation of Marx's text context，Although Marx refuses pure moral speculation and preaching，But its thoughts obviously have strong value commitments and moral demands，It is obviously wrong to blame it as a moral ni。

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The Western academic community accused Marx accusing Marx as the first "reason" of moral nihilism is，Marx's atheist position determines that he must deny all the existence of all super Bet365 lotto review -emotional fields including God and moral concepts。The so -called "moral nihilism"，Nothing that refers to the collapse of all super -emotional fields including God and moral concepts、Crash，So as to lose their standardization and binding power of actors in the emotional world。It shows that it deny the objectiveness of morality，It is also manifested as a negation of moral public evaluation standards。This view is considered，As far as the field of religion and super sensibility is concerned，Marx asked "abandon all gods" in the early years，firmly believes that "criticism of religion is the prerequisite for other criticisms"，After that, the criticism of religion is transformed into politics、method、Civil society，Critical criticism of product worship and capital logic。These all indicate that Marxwa disintegrates the self -sufficient field of super sensitivity in traditional philosophy，Rest its true foundation to the emotional world。So，Accompanied by the restoration process of the foundation of the super sensitive world towards the perceptual world，All values ​​including morality will also be secularized，or even whether it is completely abandoned。

Western academic circles are used to accuse Marx with the second "reason" of moral nihilism.，Marx Engels clearly stated in the "Communist Declaration" that communists "never make moral preaching" and "implement the most thorough breaks of concepts with traditional concepts"。They think，The moral vocabulary in Marx's text is usually the object of its critical，This is the direct proof of Marx denying moral existence and the direct proof of moral deficiency。The so -called communist "never conducts moral preaching，It is only this kind of further theoretical representation of this kind of moral deficiency。If you say "No moral preaching，Do not make moral requirements to people "may be just a manifestation of Marx's effect on the effect of moral concepts in the real revolution，So，"The bet365 live casino games most bet365 live casino games thorough break with traditional concepts" is related to major，Because this will mean the connection with all the traditional concepts and history of all cultural traditions。During the rejection of past cultural traditions and history，Originally penetrated into it and the entire value concept and moral norms that played the role of the entire society，Obviously it will be abandoned together。So，It seems that the situation of moral nihilism is the inevitable of theory and history due to the "implementing the most thorough breakthrough with the traditional concept"。

Comparison for comparison，The third "reason" used to blame Marx is mainly based on the basic principles of Marx's historical materialism。It thinks，In Marx's theoretical system，Production method and economic foundation is the most important，All conceptual forms, including morality, are part of the secondary building。and historical materialism internal decisive nature and historic orientation，It will lead to its claims different times、Between different countries and different ethnic groups，There are such differences in people's moral concepts。This will definitely fall into the situation of "indulgentism" and "moral relativeism" in reality in reality，Both are actually just a weakened form of moral nihilism。

　　Marx is not a moral nihilist

We think，Western academic circles cannot be established by the "reason" of Marx's accusations as moral nihilisms。The reason is，They are based on misunderstandings and misunderstandings of Marx related thoughts。

First，Marx is indeed an atheist，and in -depth criticism of the self -sufficient self -sufficiency in the field of religion and super sensitivity in his life。But，It does not think that Marx denys and abandon all the concept of moral value。The reason bet365 best casino games why Marx converts criticism of religious kingdom and self -consciousness into politics、Criticism of French and Civil society，It is because he believes that the false self -sufficientness of religious alienation and self -consciousness，rooted from the alienation of their existence theory, that is, human perceptual activity。But in terms of its entire theoretical system，Criticism of religion and self -consciousness，Still to politics、Real criticism of economic and civil society，From the beginning to the end, it is based on Marx's own value commitment and moral preset。Pursuing the "high -level" value presets of the pursuit of "realistic individuals" and the development of freedom comprehensively，It is always the fundamental main line that runs through Marx's thoughts。So，Marx's self -sufficiency in criticizing religion and negating super perceptual fields，It does not mean that the theoretical moral position and value commitment，and therefore fall into moral nihilism。

Next，The "No Moral preaching" in the Declaration of the Communist Party and the most thorough concept with traditional concepts，In fact, there are specific context and specific referring to。"Morality" and "Traditional Concept" here，It mainly refers to the ideological style of the bourgeois private ownership and try to defend its legitimacy。Private ownership of the bourgeoisie，It is the working class suffering from capitalists、All the roots of slavery and rule。So，Humans, including the working class, want to liberate themselves，It is necessary to abolish the private ownership of this very few people who possess production materials，"Morality" and "Traditional" that defended the legitimacy of this kind of private ownership。So，They only said: "Communist revolution is the bet365 live casino games most bet365 live casino games thorough break with traditional ownership relationship;，It must implement the most thorough break with traditional concepts in its own development process "，"No Moral Lecture" and "Perform the most thorough break with traditional concepts"，It is the "morality" and "traditional" based on this kind of "morality" and "tradition" based on the maintenance of private ownership。Marx denied and rejected the moral and traditional concepts in this specific sense，It does not mean that it is completely denied all the morality and tradition itself in history。In fact，Marx's thought contains strong value appeal。Visible，The reason for accusing Marx as a moral nihistan is untenable。

Last，Marx's historical materialism really advocates the primary nature of the production method and economic foundation relative to the upper -level building，and emphasize the importance of the historical situation in moral。But the historic understanding of morality and highlight the relative nature of its existence，It does not necessarily fall into the situation of moral relativism and moral nihilism。Ethics must be a reflection of the special era and specific nations and national conditions，This determines that there will be differences in the moral concepts of different times, as well as people in the nation and country，But this does not deny that morality has historical inheritance and consistency。In other words，Moral compatibility and absoluteness。and Marx’s Practice Dialectics determines，He will never deny the characteristics of its other aspect of the characteristics of morality。The key to the problem is precisely，Western scholars confuse the inherent differences of morality and moral relativeism，and then deny the absoluteness and inheritance of morality in the name of morality，Judging Marx as a moral Bet365 lotto review nihilist。This approach does not match the facts and theoretical orientation of Marx Thought，Misunderstanding and misunderstanding of Marx thought。

　　Transcendence of moral nihilism

From the perspective of Marx's thoughts or from the perspective of contemporary reality，Models of Marx misunderstanding and misunderstanding as moral nihilism，Its harm is very serious。Judging from the main purpose of Marx，The achievement of human liberation and the freedom of everyone is always the highest appeal。In terms of function，The highest demand is both constructive，It is a critical or model。"Construction" means，This highest appeal of Marx，It has never been pure "should" and "ideal"，Instead, it is always in the process of "realistic activities"; "criticality" and "Fan Guide" means，The highest demand of this originally had a strong normative connotation，belongs to the category of "high -level morality"，Marx can comprehensively criticize capitalism in this way，Including moral criticism of capitalism。and，This moral criticism has a solid real and economic foundation。

In short，Marx、Criticism of exchange relationships，Both scientific analysis，It is a moral criticism。The unity of this scientific analysis and moral criticism，Make Marx exceed scientific empiricalism，also surpassed moral nihilism。Some Western scholars believe that moral and moral criticism does not have an important status in Marx's thoughts，Misunderstanding Marx as a moral nihilist，Not only cannot understand the normative extent of Marx's ideas，And in reality, it will be overstretable，So Marx's thoughts into pure empirical science。So，A positive response to this misunderstanding of Marx and fully explaining the normative basis of Marx's thought，It should bet365 Play online games be an important task in the current Marxist academic community。

　　(This article is the Shenzhen Social Science Fund general project "Shenzhen citizen's values ​​and development trend research" (SZ2018B005) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Marxism, Shenzhen University)