Marx’s critique of egoism is accompanied by a critique of modern civil bet365 offer，Throughout the development of his thoughts。Egoism corresponds to "private" in civil bet365 offer，It is the product of private ownership and social division of labor，And developed to its peak in capitalist bet365 offer。Therefore，Marx distinguished egoism into "superstitious egoism" in pre-capitalist bet365 offer and "enlightened egoism" in capitalist bet365 offer。Marx agreed that “everything for which men strive”，It’s all related to their interests”，But against “only ‘small’ interests，Only unchanging self-interest”，Because the latter will only develop rigidity、Unchanging abstract egoism。Marx believes，Civil bet365 offer and its egoistic "private" are generated in material production and life，It is bound to die out with the development of material production and life。Specifically，Marx’s criticism of egoism from philosophy、Expansion of the three dimensions of political economy and scientific socialism。

　　Philosophical Critique of Abstract bet365 offer

　　Engels once wrote a letter to Marx in November 1844 about Stirner's work "The Only One and His Possessions"，Indicates that the concept of egoism derived by Stirner is "no more than the self-conscious nature of modern bet365 offer and modern people"，is the last argument modern bet365 offer can use against us，The pinnacle of all existing theories in the realm of stupidity”。In Engels’ view，Stirner’s abstract view of egoism is the manifestation of modern civil bet365 offer and its egoistic nature at the level of self-awareness，It is the most complete realization of the existing absurd theory。

In Stirner’s eyes，Hegel、Both Bauer and Feuerbach attribute people to "gods" (such as absolute spirit、Self-awareness、Sensual human beings) are placed on top of real individuals，Realistic people must follow the god-like logic they envision - such as Hegel's pure "thinking egoism" that always defends private property；Powell’s general “self-awareness”、Egoism of political citizens；Feuerbach's "suitable to human nature"、Personal egoism—to define oneself。But，The problem with Stirner is，On the basis of criticizing idealism and abstract egoism，The abstract egoism that establishes materialism。Among them，The empirical egoist replaced the conceptual egoist and gained the supreme and absolute status。In Marx’s view，Stirner simply replaced the old abstraction with a new one，They are all egoists’ distortion and rigidity of the reality of civil bet365 offer at the conceptual level。In the final analysis，The key to the end of abstract egoism is the elimination of realistic egoistic life，The logic it follows is the labor dialectics of historical materialism。

Marx believes，Hegel “captured the essence of labor，Objective people、What is real is therefore understood by real man as the result of his own labor”，It’s just that Hegel’s “labor” is spiritual labor，It is labor limited to the standpoint of national economics。As Marx pointed out，In Hegel，Real people as "abstracted and fixed self，A person who is an abstract egoist，He is raised to his own pure abstraction、Egoism elevated to thinking”。Dialectical movement through labor，Hegel acquired the abstract egoist with a divine aura，It is treated as a product of labor、Be treated as a real person。The difference is，The "labor dialectics" of Marx's historical materialism means: real people work through labor，Objectify the existence of private property and "private"，Let labor sublate this objectification，Abolition of private ownership and division of labor，Possessing the objective essence of a true human being，Thereby realistically generating human bet365 offer and its human beings。

　　Political Economic Critique of Economic bet365 offer

Marx saw，“Feudal bet365 offer has collapsed，Only one’s own foundation remains—people，But this is the man who serves as its true basis，That is, a self-interested person”。Therefore，Even if capitalist bet365 offer replaces feudal bet365 offer，Self-interested people still exist，It’s just a “serious” feudal bet365 offer、lazy、Fantasy superstitious egoism” gave way to the “sophistication” of capitalist bet365 offer、Resiliently、Shrewd and astute enlightened egoism”，The former is local politics、Sophisticated and humane、Religious belief、Unenlightened egoism，The latter is undisguised、Unrestrained、Flexible economic egoism。

Marx pointed out in "Critique of Political Economy"，Every person in capitalist bet365 offer serves another person，The purpose is to serve yourself；Everyone uses the other as his own means，The individual is the purpose first，That is, self-existence，The second is the means，That is his existence。Therefore，Only when an individual exists for himself will he turn himself into the existence of others。In economic life，The two exchange parties in the division of labor are not concerned about this mutual relationship and its social effects，Individuals only care about how to combine their own interests in this relationship，As an interest that excludes others、Regardless of the interests of others，That is, to satisfy egoistic interests。On this basis，Marx believed that “common interests are the exchange of selfish interests”，The connection between production and life constructed by people based on their egoistic interests achieves the common interests of the entire bet365 offer，The essence is to consolidate the production relations of capitalist bet365 offer。As Marx pointed out in "The German Ideology"，Whether it is "egoism" representing personal interests，Or "self-sacrifice" representing common interests，They are all "a necessary form of personal self-realization" under the existing material conditions。Therefore，“Realistic people” in civil bet365 offer are both egoistic，Self-sacrifice again，It is the unity of conscious egoism that serves selfish interests and unconscious self-sacrifice that serves common interests。In Marx’s view，The existence of private ownership and external division of labor is personal interests and common interests、The source of the split between personal interests and personal interests，It is the realistic basis for the opposition of citizens’ social and economic egoism。Therefore，Transform civil bet365 offer into human bet365 offer，The "private" of economic egoism transforms into a fully free person in a communist bet365 offer，Can only rely on the development of productivity and new production relations。

　　Scientific socialist criticism of political bet365 offer

　　Marx pointed out，Only after the formation of the proletariat，The revolutionary task of eliminating civil bet365 offer and its "private" has a realistic bearer。This class does not own private property，Does not hold any special interests，But it is oppressed by the political egoism of the property-owning class。Therefore，Only by universalizing the principle of not possessing private property，Only politicians and economic people can surpass civil bet365 offer，Get liberation in the human sense，Those who achieve total freedom。

In the French Civil War，Marx saw the French bourgeoisie、Feudal dynasty forces、Political egoistic activities adopted by property-owning classes such as petty bourgeoisie and small farmers in order to safeguard their respective private property rights；Opposite of it，The Paris Commune founded by the Paris working class tried to "eliminate the class ownership that turns the labor of the many into the wealth of the few"，This is the key to solving the confrontational activities of the property-owning class and its political egoism。Here，The transformation and self-transformation of the proletariat play a very important role。Marx emphasized，The working class itself also sees that in order to achieve human liberation and a higher form of bet365 offer，They must go through a long struggle，Must go through a series of historical processes that transform both the environment and people。On the basis of respecting the laws of economic development，Marx encouraged the working class to constantly temper themselves in the practice of transforming bet365 offer，Continuously throw away everything that is old、Dirty things，Abandon the egoistic "private" lifestyle of civil bet365 offer，Building personal connections that foster solidarity and common activities，And thus show that the free development of each person is the condition for the free development of all people。

In short，Realistic individuals live under the conditions of private ownership and social division of labor，Always face the relationship between individuals、Confrontation of interests between individuals and the community。The kind of egoism that always puts one's own interests above the interests of others in capitalist bet365 offer and individualism、Liberalism is closely linked，Becomes the realistic basis of the abstract egoistic view of German ideology，It is the realistic motivation for the operation and development of capitalist production relations with competition as the core，It is an object that the proletariat, which shoulders the mission of human liberation, must abandon to constantly transform itself。Marx’s criticism of egoism provides a scientific answer to whether and how civil bet365 offer and its “private persons” can develop into human bet365 offer and its human beings，Provides solutions based on the principles of historical materialism。

　　(Author’s unit: Research Center for Modern bet365 offer and Political Philosophy and School of Philosophy and Social Development, Huaqiao University)