The criticism of Marx's self -istism is accompanied by criticism of modern civic society，Always through its ideological development。Betterism corresponds to "private" in civic society，It is a product of private and social division of labor，and develop in a capitalist society to apex。So，Marx distinguishes self -interest into the "superstition and self -ism" of the former capitalist society and the "enlightened self -ismism" of the capitalist society。Marx agreed "Everything people fight for it，All related to their interests "，But oppose "only 'small' benefits，Only the interests of the constant interests "，Because the latter will only develop rigidity、Unchanged abstract and self -ist views。Marx thinks，The "private" of civic society and their self -benefitism is produced in material production and life，It is bound to die in the development of material production and life。Specific speaking，Marx's criticism of self -ism is based on philosophy、Political Economics and Scientific Socialism Mitsujin Development。

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　　Engels wrote a letter to Marx in November 1844 about the letter about Steina's "The only one and their own things"，The concept of self -istism obtained by Steiner "is just the essence of self -consciousness of modern society and modern people，Is the final argument that modern society can oppose us，The peak of all theories within the scope of the existing stupid thing "。From Engel,，Steiner's abstract self -ism concept is the display of the essence of modern civic society and its self -interest on the level of self -consciousness，It is the most absurd theory of existing theory。

In Steiner's eyes，Hegel、Both Powell and Ferbaha attribute people to "gods" (such as absolute spirit、Self -consciousness、Sensitive humans) Put on top of the real individual，People of reality must be based on the gods they envisioned -such as Hegel always maintaining the pure "self -interest" of private property; Powell generally "self -consciousness"、Political citizen's self -interest; Ferbaha "suitable for human nature"、The self -interest of human beings — to stipulate self。but，Steina's question is，On the basis of criticizing idealism abstract and self -ism，Established the abstract self -interest of materialism。where，Experienced Symbolists replaced the concept of self -istingists have gained the supreme absolute position。From Marx's view，Steiner just uses new abstraction to replace the old abstraction，They are all distorted and rigidity of the realistic and socialististist at the concept of concept。In the final analysis，The key to the end of abstract self -interest is the elimination of realistic life，The logic it follows is the Labor Dialectics of historical materialism。

Marx thinks，Hegel "grabbed the essence of labor，Objective people、The reality is that the real person is understood as the result of his own labor "，It's just that Hegel's "labor" is a spiritual labor，It is a labor limited to the position of national economics。As Marx pointed bet365 Play online games out，where Hegel，Real people as "abstract and fixed self，It is a person of an abstract self -istist，He was promoted to his pure abstraction、Promote the benefits of thinking "。Dialectical exercise of labor，Hegel has obtained an abstract self -religiousist with divine aura，It is used as a product of labor、As a real person。The difference is，The "Labor Dialectics" of Marx's Material History Observatory means: real people through labor，Objects out of the existence of private property and "private"，Actifying this object to abandon this object，Destroy private ownership and division of labor，The objectivity of the real person，Therefore, human society and their society in realism。

　　Criticism of political economics for economic self -interest

Marx see，"The feudal society has disintegrated，Only your own foundation is left -people，But this is a person of its true foundation，People who are beneficial to self "。So，Even if the capitalist society replaces the feudal society，People who are self -interest still exist，It's just "a serious in the feudal society、Lazy、Fantasy superstition and self -ism "allows the capitalist society to" grow old in the world、Endless、Smart -sensitive and open -mindedness "，The former is local politics、The world of human feelings、Religious belief、Non -egoism that has not yet opened up，The latter is not concealed、No restraint、Flexible economic self -interest。

Marx pointed out in "Political Economics Criticism"，Everyone in the capitalist society serves another person，The purpose is to serve themselves; everyone uses another person as bet365 best casino games their own means，Personal first is the purpose，Self -existence，Followed by becoming a means，is his existence。So，Individuals will turn yourself into the existence of others only when you exist for yourself。In economic life，The exchanges in division of labor do not care about this kind of association and their social effects，Individuals only care about how to do their own interests in this association，as the interests of others、Regardless of the interests of others，It is satisfied with the interests of self -interest。Based on this，Marx believes "common interest is the exchange of selfish interests"，The production and life connection constructed from the interests of self -interest and interests has achieved the common interests of the entire society，The essence is to consolidate the production relationship of the capitalist society。As Marx pointed out in "German Ideology"，Whether it is the "self -interest" that represents personal interests，It is still the "self -sacrifice" that represents common interests，All are "a necessary form for personal self -realization" under the conditions of existing material conditions。So，"Realists" of the Citizens and Society are both self -benefit，It is the self -sacrifice，It is a unified self -sacrifice that serves selfishness and self -conscious self -sacrifice that serves selfish interests and serves common interests。From Marx's view，The existence of private ownership and external division of labor is personal interests and common interests、The source of the division of personal interests and personal interests，Bet365 app download Is the real basis for the opposition of the civic socioeconomic self -interest。So，transforms civil society into human society，The "private" of economic self -istism has transformed into a comprehensive liberal person in the communist society，Can only rely on the development of productivity and new production relations。

　　Criticism of scientific socialism of political self -interest

　　Marx pointed out，Only after the proletariat was formed，Revolutionary tasks of eliminating the revolutionary mission of the civic society and its "private" only have realistic bears。This class does not occupy private property，Do not occupy any special interests，But it is oppressed by the political interests of the producer class。So，Only the principles that do not possess private property are universalized，can surpass the politicians and economic people of the civil society，Get the liberation of human sense，People who realize comprehensive freedom。

In the French civil war，Marx saw the French assets、The Power of the feudal dynasty、Politicians such as petty assets and small farmers such as the production of the owners such as the right to protect their own private property;，The Paris Commune founded by the Paris workers' class attempts to "eliminate the class ownership of the wealth that changes the labor of most people into a small number of people"，This is the key to solving the commodity class and its political self -interest confrontation activities。Here，The transformation and self -transformation of the proletariat play a very important role。Marx emphasized，The working bet365 best casino games class itself also sees the social form that is liberated and higher in order to obtain human liberation and higher social forms，They must go through long -term struggle，The historical process that must be transformed through the environment and people must be transformed。On the basis of respecting the laws of economic development，Marx encourages the working class to refine itself in the practice of transforming society，constantly throw away all the old、Dirty things，Abandon the survival state of the "private" of the civic and socialism，Establish a personal contact between unity and common activities，and show that the free development of each person is the condition for all people's free development。

In short，The actual individual under the living conditions of private ownership and social division of labor，Always face individuals、Interest confrontation between the individual and the community。The kind of self -istism that always places its own interests on the interests of others is in capitalist society and individualism、Liberalism is closely linked，Become a realistic basis for becoming a German ideology abstract and self -ist concept，Realistic causes of the operation and development of competition -core capitalist production relations，It is an object that the proletariat that bears the mission of human liberation.。The criticism of Marx's self -ism is a scientific answer to the civic society and its "private" and how to develop into human society and its society，Provided solution with the principle of historical materialism。

　　(Author Unit: The Research Center of Modern Social and Political Philosophy of Huaqiao University and the School of Philosophy and Social Development)