The United Kingdom is a country in the West that puts forward the concept of labor education earlier，early 16th century，British early imagination of socialist Thomas Moore first proposed to combine with production activities in his book "Utopia"，Educational concepts of training the comprehensive development of morality, intellectual, physical and labor。"Utopia" full of rational ideas although it is separated from actual，But the discussion on labor education directly affects the development of modern British education concepts and the legislation of related labor education。

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In 1870, the British First Education Law "Foster Education Law" opened the path to the national compulsory education for the people; in 1944, the Bartler Education Law built the basic framework of the education system; 》 Speed ​​up the pace of education reform in the 1990s，About the labor concept of students、Practical ability、Education program for comprehensive quality training also reconstructs innovation and improvement。Enter the 21st century，British education pays great attention to the ability to master students、Cultivation of life skills，Encourage students to develop the habit of independent learning research，Emphasize the use of learning for use，Use the knowledge and skills that have been mastered in social practice。

2003，The British government promulgated "Each Child is important: Change for Children" green paper，Clarify the goal of modern British education: "I hope that every child has happiness、Healthy and safe childhood，Gradually grow into having experience、Adults of academic qualifications and life skills，Can succeed in the process of social bet365 live casino games life and employment，Realize personal value。"" Life Skills "is subdivided as five points: 1. Decision and problem solving; 2. Creative thinking and critical thinking ability; 3. communication and interpersonal communication ability; 4. self -awareness and emotional ability; 5. Processing emotion and pressure。This green paper emphasizes the development of students' self -reliance、Labor concept，Apology Yu Le，Specifically developing students' comprehensive living skills，Therefore, it can develop in a rapidly changing world、Positive and aggressive citizens。

Prime Minister Brown has carried out a national education discussion on the country called "dialogue moment" nationwide after taking office，Subsequently promulgated the Education Blue Book "Children's Plan"。This blue book is pointed out，Britain will start establishing a personalized teaching "experimental field" in September 2007，Teachers in the experimental school track the student's learning process at any time，Provide children with timely and appropriate education。Teaching focuses on examining children's development stage，and plan to change the test system set due to age，The importance of emphasizing the development of different students' personality development due to their own aptitude。After the British government also released an educational white paper "Your Child，Your school，Our Future: Construction of the "Talent Orientation" course settings in the 21st Century School System，Emphasize students' penetration ability，Pay attention to the combination of education and life and society needs，Especially in the basic education stage to cultivate the connection consciousness of education and life。The phenomenon mentioned in the Blue Book、Occupation and innovation Entrepreneurship literacy is also closely related to labor education。

　The setting and characteristics of the British Labor Education Course

Labor education courses in different areas of the UK，But generally communicate，Comprehensive courses are generally divided into the following categories。

First，Natural Science and Social Research Course。In the course of British Primary School，Except English and mathematics，There is also an extremely important course: natural science。National unified teaching outline，Determine the purpose of opening natural science courses: ensure that all students can expand scientific knowledge，Through specific disciplines，Including biological、Chemistry and Physics，Deepen students' understanding of the concept of life; through different scientific survey experiments，Deepen students for nature and scientific processes、Understanding of scientific methods，Help children better understand the surrounding world; understand the use and meaning of science for the current and future，and can apply scientific knowledge to reality。With the increase of students' grades，Learning content is also deepened。Students through investigation and research and problem discussions，Improving the ability to decide and solve problems in daily life，Development critical thinking，Cultivate the spirit of innovation，Let students know themselves，Understand people and people、The relationship between people and society，So as to establish a sense of social responsibility。

2，Daily Skills Learning Course。Except for daily skills learning in family labor education，For example, stacking quilt、cooking、Life skills such as pocket money management，British schools also specially set up related courses，Cultivate students' labor consciousness from doing things in life。For example，January 22, 2008 Britain announced，From September of that year，List cooking lessons as a compulsory course for students 11-14 Bet365 lotto review years old，It is stipulated that all students must learn and pass -the failure needs to be repaired、Make -up test，Otherwise, you cannot graduate。Curriculum requires that each middle school student should learn to cook with fresh raw materials in line with the taste of adolescents、Healthy and delicious eight dishes。Course at least two points per week，Students need to learn to design nutritional balanced recipes、Make healthy dishes。September 2014，The British Ministry of Education announced that the compulsory course cooking expands to primary school: from September 2014，A compulsory cooking course for children aged 7-14 in the UK，And students can make 20 varieties of different types when they are 14 years old，For example, pies、Stir -fried、Curry Rice, etc.。Primary and secondary schools in the United Kingdom to implement cooking for cooking，First, let children cherish and enjoy food，Second is to control the obesity of youth。This extraordinary labor education cultivates students' independent life、The habit of healthy life。

third，Design and Technical Course。Design and Technical Course，Involved in mathematics、English、Science and other disciplines，It is a prominent highlight of British labor education。1988，This course is officially introduced into a national course。"Design and Technology" course in K1、K2、K3 stage is a compulsory course， In the K4 stage is the elective course。This course mainly has 24 framework systems，Each school can choose according to your own teaching policy。This course is mainly divided into two parts: primary and intermediate。There are 3 or 6 different levels between the two levels，Difficulty layer increase。Increase students' materials and elements in the primary course、Mechanical and Control System、Construction、Existing products、Understanding of knowledge such as quality and health and safety，Bet365 app download It aims to improve student design skills、Hands -handed operation skills、Applied science skills、Application mathematics skills and skills of application information technology。Intermediate curriculum is mainly for K3 and K4 students，Including four aspects: System and Control、wear -resistant material、Food (Food Engineering)、Textile (textile engineering)。K3 students must learn two areas: system and control and wear -resistant materials。other，Choose one item in food or textiles for learning。Learning at this stage，It aims to help students jump out of fixed thinking，Be able to flexibly design works that meet the local needs and interests of the school according to the teacher's requirements，At the same time enable students to learn in -depth themes that they are interested in。

Fourth，Social participation learning。The focus of the participation of social society is to allow students to participate in the field of social life，Contact Social Reality，Experience the historical and cultural traditions of different places、Social lifestyle and development status。Focus on carried out various social participation activities，such as community service、Social Survey、Scientific Learning, etc.，Therefore, students' labor awareness，Improve the ability and thinking ability to solve problems，Let teenagers accumulate career experience，Combining the professional problems in combination with your own major。

　　Holding labor practice activities to attract young people to participate

In order to make young students closer to science、Understand science、Love Science，Various scientific activities every year in the UK。The most worth mentioning is one of the oldest science festivals in Europe、The British Science Festival (British Science Festival) organized by the British Science Promotion Association and colleges and universities。September 1831，The British Science Promotion Association bet365 live casino games was established in Yorkshire, England and held the first meeting，A annual meeting in the central town in the UK has been taken turns every year。Early annual meeting is not only a new point of view from scientists、Introduce new discovery and newly inventing gatherings，It was still a battlefield for major scientific disputes, especially the debate between science and religion.。Since the 20th century，With the establishment of various professional society and the rapid development of mass media，Scientists no longer have to come to the scene to express their views every year。So，The annual meeting of the British Science Promotion Association will focus on introducing scientific and technological achievements and popularization of scientific and technological knowledge to young people through academic lectures and exhibitions，Let teenagers participate in science。Specific forms include report meetings、Debate Club、Scientific Exchange Discussion、Show activity、Show activity、Show activity、Science Experiment、Scientific Achievement Exhibition、Science and Technology Movie Play, etc.。

In addition，Scientific and technological activities for young people's labor practice learning in various districts in the UK。For example，British Edinburgh International Technology Festival，Hold during Easter April every year，The content includes academic lectures for adults and popular science activities for adolescents，Features is a cruise and parent -child interactive project。British Cambridge Science Festival，It will be held every March since 1994，Its purpose is to attract young people's interest in scientific research on Cambridge University，and encourage young people to tend to the field of science and technology research when applying for and occupational selection in the future。

To sum up，The characteristics of British labor education are the focus of cultivating the concept of labor，Promote Bet365 app download students to master basic living skills，So as to improve their thinking and solve problems、Practical hands -on ability。other，Britain guides the construction of the school's labor education system with legal bills，Let the specific practice of labor and education in the school have laws to rely on、Live and effective，Scientific specifications for curriculum settings，Targeted and comprehensive features。

(This article is the research on the development of the mainstream ideological discourse rights of colleges and universities in the era of the whole media era "(2019SJB063) phased achievement of the college of philosophy and social sciences in colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Nanjing Normal University)