South Africa is the second largest economy in Africa，It is also the country with the highest level of industrialization in Africa。At the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，South Africa seized the opportunity to seize the second industrial revolution，Quickly among the list of modern countries，But in recent years，Slow economic development in South Africa，Talent outflow issues are very serious。

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2012，According to the statistics of the African Education Development Association (ADEA)，"A large number of high -quality talents in African countries live overseas overseas，Southern Africa ranks in the forefront "。2015，Data display of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development，About 47,000 South African technicians left South Africa，Go to the UK、Australia、Canadian and New Zealand Economic Organizations Employment。From the perspective of the field，Education and medical fields are the hardest hit areas of talent outflow。where，Teachers and education experts lost 17,500 people，accounting for about 37%，Followed by medical staff，The number of people reaches 10,800，accounting for 23%of the total。From the perspective of flow to target countries，The most popular in the UK，attracting various talents in South Africa 18581 people，Australian second，Attract 13060 talents in South Africa。In the first half of 2019，There are more than 7,400 graduate students and professionals who leave South Africa。However, in South Africa，There are hundreds of thousands of vacancies in various industries with high -skilled jobs，Great talent demand，The urgently needed talents bet365 live casino games are mainly doctors、Nurse、Teacher、Engineers and computer network technicians, etc.，Advanced management positions、Accounting、Law and other professional positions also exist in many vacancies。

In fact，Talent outflow is not only a problem facing South Africa，It is also the predicament that the entire African continent is generally faced。Based on the estimation of the International Immigration Organization，From 1990，About 20,000 professionals in the African mainland immigrate to others。and since 1960，1/3 of African intellectuals leave their country to work in developed countries in Europe and the United States。The latest report of the United Nations also mentioned，"One of Africans who have been educated in college moved to Europe、North America and other places "。The 2015 Report of the World Health Organization shows，African medical staff is amazing，1/4 African doctor and 1/20 African nurse currently work in developed countries。But at the same time，The proportion of doctors and patients in Africa is severe，Africa bears 24%of the world's disease burden，But only 3%of the world's medical staff，Take 1%of the world's medical resources。80%of Africa South Africa in Sahara does not reach the standard of 20 doctors per 100,000 people。In the outflow of talents in Africa，South Africa played a special role。As a country with developed African economy，South Africa has become a transit station for other countries in Africa to all over the world，Professional and technical talents in many countries, especially young talents，One after another chose to enter South Africa work and life，South Africa is a springboard，Entering study abroad in developed countries、Employment、Life。

　Dual factors of talent outflow

The phenomenon of serious talent outflow in South Africa is the result of complexity of internal and external factors。

From the inside，First，The weak economic development Bet365 app download and its employment situation in South Africa is the root cause of the outflow of talents。Although through the second industrial revolution，South Africa quickly ranked among a modern country，But the economic structure formed during the colonial rule、Industrial ratio and social contradictions have hindered economic development。Currently in South Africa's high -tech industries and manufacturing with competitive advantages，There are fewer influential industries，This economic situation has caused domestic employment positions to scarce，Demand is mainly concentrated at low -end。Many talents，Especially middle and high -end talents cannot find professional counterparts in China，The lack of employment security and job opportunities makes them have to turn abroad。Next，Employment contradictions of people in all strata。The 1990s，The South African government formulates a series of bills to ensure the rights and interests of vulnerable groups。But some bills to take care of the disadvantaged group、Promote equality of all ethnic groups，In fact, race is bounded，formed "Inverse Disclosure"。With the support of the policy，Many white technical talents have difficulty employment，So choose to leave South Africa for developed countries，As the white people leave, there are their core technology。In recent years，The number of white people who choose to leave South Africa due to political reasons and social security issues are also increasing。other，CICC in South Africa、The prevalence of the skirt is also the deep cause of the outflow of talents。

From the outside,，There are two main reasons for the outflow of South African talents: first，The influence of economic globalization。Economic globalization has driven funds、bet365 live casino games technology and talent flow globally。South Africa is vigorously attracting foreign capital、While obtaining foreign technology and talent support，It also opened the door to the outflow of talents。Just in this wave of international talents，South Africa and even the entire African continent facing the dilemma of flowing unbalanced internal and external talents。One aspect，South Africa's talents who consume huge sums of money have flowed to developed countries without making any contributions to their social and economic development; on the other hand,，To make up for the talent gap，South Africa has to pay huge commissions every year，attract foreign talents with excellent treatment。2，Superior work treatment and high salary、Perfect facilities、Convenient living environment is to attract South African talents to the United Kingdom、United States、Canada、Direct reasons for Australia and other countries。Compared with developed countries，African countries are soft、There is no advantage on the hardware，The salary level of some African countries is only 1/10，This will inevitably lead to the flow of high -quality talents to developed countries。

Planning top -level design improves employment environment

Talent outflow has become an important factor restricting South Africa's economic development，The dilemma of "Two people and wealth" not only brings a huge economic burden to South Africa，It also caused a vicious cycle，It is difficult for the country to fundamentally curb the outflow of talents，Get rid of talent lack。For this，The South African government has given high attention，Not only modified the immigration law，It also formulated a specific action plan，V strongly to introduce special talents from abroad，Although these measures have been showing results，But it cannot be solved fundamentally。South Africa wants to solve the current serious talent outflow problem，Also based on domestic，Efforts from the following aspects。

First，Vigorously develop bet365 Play online games the economy，Improve the social environment。To solve the problem of talent outflow，The most fundamental way out is the development of the economy。The "2019 African Economic Outlook" displayed by African Development Bank，Africa's economic growth is moderate to a good situation，Preliminary estimate of 2018 African economic growth is 3.5%。and South Africa's economic growth is only 0.7%in 2018，far below the average value of the growth rate of the entire African continent，Even 2.2%of the South Africa with the lowest growth rate。According to data published by Oxford African Business Forum，In the past 10 years，Due to the growth of African economy and an increase in opportunities，The number of African graduates who choose to return to China increase year by year。In recent years，Kotida、Ethiopia、The rapid growth of the economy of African countries such as Tanzania has attracted some talents to return。So，South Africa only develops the economy，Provide more jobs，Create a more attractive working environment，can retain talents，Realize the full employment of talents in the country。

In terms of economic development opportunities，Currently Asia is setting off a new round of modernization，Not only provides new kinetic energy for developed countries to get rid of the economic downturn，More developing countries provide rare development opportunities。Many African countries have seized this opportunity and profit from them，Especially South Africa as the leader of African economy，You should also use this wave of new economic development，Getting development opportunities，To improve the domestic socio -economic environment，Drive the development of high -tech industries，Attract more talents。

Second，Adjust the education structure，Increase talent training。South Africa under the current education system，Adjustment of education bet365 live casino games structure should be increased，Strengthen the attention of vocational and technical education，Start with the source of talents，Increase talent training，and eventually form a higher social benefits。At present, the urgent need of South Africa is a medical staff、Education workers、Senior engineer and IT professionals，The education and training department shall according to social needs，Focus on setting up a major in the country urgently needed，enable students to learn after graduation。In addition to the education and talent training of the country，South Africa can also seek cooperation with the international community，Strengthen the joint training of talents。

third，Design Talent Development Plan，Improve the employment mechanism。One aspect，South Africa must do the top -level design of talent development planning from the national level，The guidance program and overall goal of establishing talent training and use，Introduction of major talent projects。South Africa can refer to Chinese experience as appropriate，Extraction part that conforms to the national conditions，On the other hand。On the other hand，Extraction part that conforms to the national conditions，To be selected publicly、Competitive job、Employers。Policies to tilt the employment and introduction of senior talents and urgent needs of professional talents，Support and subsidize talent employment in funding，Added scientific research investment，Added high -level talent training centers and scientific research platforms，Create conditions suitable for scientific research and employment。

Talents are the most active advanced productive forces，is the first resource for economic and social development，Talent governance should be included in the national governance system and governance capabilities to modernize the overall plan and design。South Africa wants to change talent outflows、Situation of insufficient bet365 best casino games domestic employment，Must analyze its deep reasons，Pay attention to the national economic structure、Education Development、Employment Policy、Cultural construction and national identity issues，Multi -channel three -dimensional promotion of talent development governance modernization，Multiple、Science、Open、Efficient new talent training and application system。

(This article is the "Research on the History of Chinese Culture South Africa" ​​(20NDJC067YB) in Zhejiang Province Social Science Planning Projects)

(Author Unit: African Research Institute of Zhejiang Normal University)