bet365 score as a philosophical concept，was proposed by French philosopher de Tracy in the early 19th century，Means "the science of ideas"。Marx and Engels’s early exposition of bet365 score was mainly based on the exposure and criticism of bourgeois bet365 score，It is a direct indictment of the bourgeoisie’s attempts to use illusions and inverted ideologies to achieve its ruling purposes，The function of bet365 score in society has not yet been deeply explained and expanded。To Engels’ later years，The struggle between various social classes for the right to speak out on bet365 score is intensifying，Various ideological systems represented by bourgeois bet365 score emerge in endlessly，Marxism faces severe ideological challenges and struggles。Facing these new situations，Engels profoundly and dialectically explained the basic characteristics and dynamic role of bet365 score，Realized the further development and improvement of Marxist ideological theory。

　　Realize the continuation and transformation bet365 score interpretation path of Marxist ideological theory

Some scholars have discovered，Marx no longer continued to use the concept of bet365 score in his later years，Accordingly，Engels frequently used the concept of bet365 score。Actually，For the concept of bet365 score，Whether Marx used it or not in his later years、Engels uses more and less，In addition to explaining that the two have a focus and division of labor in theoretical exploration，It doesn’t explain anything else。After the death of Marx，The burden of elaborating Marxist theory naturally fell on Engels’ shoulders。Engels in "Anti-Dühring" and "Family"、In works such as "The Origin of Private Ownership and the State", "Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy", "Dialectics of Nature" and some important letters，A comprehensive and systematic elucidation of the Marxist theoretical system including ideological theory，Shows different theoretical interests and interpretive paths from Marx，Become an irreplaceable and important link in the history of the development of Marxist ideological theory。

First，Engels based on Hegel’s discussion bet365 score relationship between thinking and existence，Raise the relationship between the two to the level of a basic philosophical question。Engels pointed out: "All philosophy，Especially the major basic issues in modern philosophy，It is a question bet365 score relationship between thinking and existence。"Philosophers fall into two camps depending on how they answer this question，That is, the idealist camp and the various schools of materialism。Engels actually reversed Hegel’s expression of philosophical issues，Clearly gives universal significance to the relationship between thinking and existence，Highlights the fundamental differences and oppositions between idealism and materialism in clear and simple language，Provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent Marxist ideological theory to emphasize the philosophical party spirit principle。

Second，Engels distinguished between the conservative system and the revolutionary method in Hegel’s philosophy，Considers that Marx’s philosophical revolution was separated from Hegel’s philosophy by “returning to a materialist position”。According to Engels’ explanation，Marx (and more importantly Engels) took this path，Have made oneself "determined to understand the real world (nature and history) as bet365 score appears to everyone who does not regard bet365 score with preconceived idealistic whims"，Thus eliminating the ideological inversion of Hegelian dialectic，Discovered "the dialectics of materialism that has become our best labor tool and sharpest weapon over the years"，In turn, bet365 score had a profound impact on the subsequent theoretical form of Marxism。

　Third，Engels showed an obvious intention to transform Hegel's natural philosophy into a materialist view of nature，Point out that most objects of philosophical research can be transferred to empirical science。Therefore，Through a critical examination of Hegel’s natural philosophy，Engels established his own theoretical system of dialectics of nature，And then proposed that "this view of history ends philosophy in the field of history，Just as the dialectical view of nature makes all natural philosophy unnecessary and impossible”。For philosophy，"If there is anything left，That leaves only one realm of pure thought: the doctrine of the laws of the thought process itself，That is, logic and dialectics”。This means，Whether it is a dialectical view of history or a dialectical view of nature，At most, it becomes a basic theoretical part of the scope of empirical science。Engels’s interpretation path，Has a great influence on the empirical scientificization of Marxism and on Marxism as a scientific bet365 score。

　　Revealing the basic characteristics of bet365 score based on the role of economic foundation in historical development

　　Engels’ elucidation of the theory of bet365 score is closely related to his systematic and in-depth discussion of historical materialism。To criticize the tendency to vulgarize and dogmatize historical materialism during the spread of Marxism、Clarify ideological and theoretical confusion、Responding to the challenge of bourgeois scholars，Engels comprehensively elaborated on the decisive role of economic foundation in social and historical development。In Engels’ view，The category of economic base by no means refers to a pure relationship that removes the content of specific reality，It is closely related to actual productivity，An organic whole of various elements that have a dialectical relationship with each other。The decisive role of the economic base is realized through people’s conscious and active activities。Only by correctly understanding the dialectical relationship between people as historical subjects and the various conditions on which people rely for their activities，In order to grasp the specific process of social and historical development。About the mechanism through which the economic base plays a decisive role，Engels believes，Individual free will in the activity of creating history is reflected in various contingency，It is also determined by specific material living conditions；The will of many individual people is reflected in countless intertwined forces，Constitute "a parallelogram of countless forces，And this produces a general result，That is, historical events”。These discussions are for the correct understanding of ideological phenomena and their status and nature in the overall social structure，Provides extremely important methodological guidance。

Engels positioned bet365 score in the superstructure field corresponding to the economic base in the overall social structure，Point out that the superstructure of each historical period is composed of the legal and political facilities and various conceptual forms of this historical period。These conceptual forms are actually what Engels refers to as bet365 score。bet365 score has a great impact on the economic foundation。The decisive role of the economic base is realized through people’s conscious and active activities in creating history，bet365 score is embodied in the form of thought or concept of people’s historical activities，And interact with other factors as superstructure factors。History is the "total result" of the interaction of all these factors。Engels further introduced economics、Political、Ideological factors are distinguished，Clearly pointed out that politics and bet365 score are ultimately determined by the economic foundation。Accordingly，According to the closeness of the connection between various conceptual forms and the economic foundation，Engels gave an ideological sequence。In various forms of thought or concept，Politics、The legal and economic foundations are most closely linked，Other forms of bet365 score are often political、The law serves as an intermediary to achieve interaction with the economic base。Relatively speaking，Philosophy and religion usually appear in the form of world views，Political in its inherent conceptual form、Law、Morality and art provide rational basis，It is an bet365 score that is further away from the economic foundation。

It can be seen from this，Both Marx and Engels regarded bet365 score as an important category of historical materialism，Believe that the basic characteristics of bet365 score must be determined in the overall social structure revealed by historical materialism。Engels understood society more clearly as an economy、The whole composed of the three basic objective fields of politics and bet365 score。bet365 score as the superstructure of ideas，Including political and legal facilities、The economic foundation plays its own practical function in the interaction of all factors including the economic base，Thereby becoming "an aspect of human history"。bet365 score as a basic conceptual tool for explaining history，The content can be false，It can also be true；its function can be conservative，It can also be progressive。This is of great significance to the subsequent evolution of the concept of Marxist bet365 score。

　　Explain the active role of bet365 score from the dialectical relationship between superstructure and economic base

Engels said in a letter to Joseph Bloch: "According to historical materialism，The decisive factor in the historical process is ultimately the production and reproduction of real life。Neither Marx nor I have ever affirmed anything more than this。If someone distorts it here，Saying that economic factors are the only decisive factor，Then he has made this proposition contentless、Abstract、Absurd nonsense。”Obviously，Ignore or deny the relative independence of bet365 score and its reaction on the economic foundation，Not only will it provide excuses for those who attack historical materialism，And it will turn historical materialism into an empty one、Abstract、Rigid dogma。Therefore，A series of correspondence by Engels in his later years, on the premise of fully affirming the decisive role of the economic base on the superstructure，Emphasis on the relative independence of bet365 score and its reaction to the economic foundation。

一，The historical inheritance of ideological development。Every form of bet365 score is predicated on specific ideological data accumulated and passed down by its pioneers，They all contain valuable elements from the social consciousness of past eras。This historical inheritance，On the one hand, ideologists must use and absorb the ideological achievements of their predecessors when creating ideological systems，Process these conceptual materials based on new practical experience，Develop new theories。On the other hand，The new bet365 score is based on the old bet365 score，Often still cloaked in old ideologies。It is precisely because of this historical inheritance，bet365 score and its various forms have formed traceable historical clues and relatively independent development trends。Of course，This kind of historical inheritance is not a wholesale copy，But identify through comparison、Choose carefully、Some choice、The result of reasonable sublation。

二，The imbalance of ideological development。On the one hand，bet365 score as an economic basis for distance from society、The realm of thoughts suspended in the air，Reflections on social existence or economic foundation are often lagging behind。People’s real life process is always developing and changing，Once an bet365 score is formed, it is relatively stable，It can gradually evolve into a power of tradition and belief in the long historical development process，Accumulated in people’s spiritual world，Thus forming an ideological lag caused by traditional conservatism。On the other hand，Various thoughts、Consciousness and ideas are reflections of people’s thinking on social existence or economic foundation，It’s conscious again、Active、Positive or creative。Social consciousness that correctly reflects the objective laws of social and historical development can transcend the empirical relationships of the same period and predict the future scientifically。Therefore，Progressive、Revolutionary、Class bet365 score can be the forerunner of future social change。This is the precedence of bet365 score reflected by the initiative of social consciousness relative to the development and changes of the economic base。

Third，The asynchronicity of ideological development。From the time dimension of historical development，The same country in a certain era，Its level of bet365 score development is relatively high but the level of development of certain forms of social consciousness may be low。In another era，The level of bet365 score development is low and the level of development of certain forms of social consciousness may be high。Actually，Not only is a certain period of flourishing of a certain form of social consciousness disproportionate to the general development of the material base of society，And the development of different forms of social consciousness during the same period is not equal。From the spatial dimension of historical development，The level of bet365 score development in different countries is also disproportionate to the level of development of certain forms of social consciousness、Jagged。As Engels pointed out: "Economically backward countries can still play the first violin philosophically。”

Actually，The most prominent or fundamental significance of the relative independence of bet365 score is to identify the active reaction that bet365 score has on the economic foundation。According to the dialectics of history，The development of social history is the result of the interaction of all factors on the basis of economic factors playing a decisive role。bet365 score as the superstructure of ideas，Through people’s conscious activities of creating history, it in turn changes the material living conditions of society，It is the subjective factor and creative factor in the process of social and historical development。This constitutes a vivid picture of social and historical dialectics，It also became an outstanding contribution to the theory of bet365 score by Engels in his later years。

　　(This article is a phased result bet365 score major project "Research on the International Impact and World Significance of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics" (19LLZD12) bet365 score Beijing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)

(Author’s unit: School of bet365 score, Renmin University of China)