Emotions are born with human beings，Since ancient times，The basic value orientation of emotions in Chinese and foreign cultures is to seek bet365 games from suffering，It is not only human nature，It is also the purpose of value。In ancient China，This emotional appeal is concentrated in "bet365 games"。Why did the ancients choose "bet365 games" as their emotional appeal and purpose，Exploring its rich connotations from its form and application may become a new path。The word "乐" appears to be more complex in form application，In addition to using "乐" alone，It is also embodied in multiple antonyms related to "乐"。Contrast "bet365 games" with "Sorrow", "Bitterness", "Sorrow", "Sorrow", etc.，Close to "joy", "bet365 games", etc.，The connotations expressed by their combined use are different。The author selects three common combinations with "乐"，Joy and sorrow、Pleasure and suffering、bet365 games and joy，To show that "bet365 games" has rich connotations，It is the purpose of emotion，Thus existing as an emotional appeal of the highest value。

　　bet365 games and Sorrow

bet365 games，"Shuowen" says: "bet365 games，Sorrow。" "Erya·Exegesis" says: "bet365 games，Siye。”For the “worries”，Pang Pu once divided Confucian "bet365 games" into two categories: "One is externally induced"，It’s a material bet365 games，Starting from desire，External worries are actually ‘sufferings’，One is internally generated，It’s a spiritual bet365 games，Born from sex。”The classification and origin of worries are different，It is distinguished by the dichotomy between material and spiritual things。Material worries are based on desire，Exhibited as a desire for wealth、Power position、The pursuit of sensuality, etc.，Spiritual worries are based on human nature，Represented as concerns about the lack of personal morality and social ethics。

bet365 games as one of the emotions or emotions，Universal。In "Zhuangzi·Zhile", it is pointed out that "human life is also a matter of life，Born with worries”，bet365 games is accompanied by the birth of the body，Shape as one of the symbols of human being，If the subject cannot get rid of the shackles of the body，bet365 games is the normal state of his life。Since bet365 games is inherent，People who therefore live in the world，No matter what class you are from，What kind of identity do you have，Everyone is inevitably worried。"Zhuangzi Fisherman" takes hundreds of officials as an example，From a secular perspective，Everyone in the world happily aspires to a hundred official positions and high salaries、Essential，But Zhuangzi truly showed his "worried" side: up to the emperor，Down to the common people，Regardless of their official position and status，When facing worldly things，There are always unfinished worries，"Tianhuangshilu，Insufficient food and clothing，The levy does not belong，Discord between wives and concubines，Long and short disorder，The common people’s worries；Ability to do the job，Unruly official affairs，The behavior is not clear，The group is idle，No beauty，Not holding Juelu，A doctor’s bet365 games；Yanwu loyal minister，The country is in confusion，Poor workmanship，The tribute position is not beautiful，Spring and Autumn Hou Lun，Disobedient Emperor，The worries of the princes；Yin and Yang are not in harmony，Hot and cold from time to time，To harm common people，Rebellion among princes，Good at fighting each other，To destroy the people，Illegal etiquette and music，Without money，Unruly human ethics，People are promiscuous，The emperor has worries about his affairs”。In Zhuangzi’s opinion，Various relationships in the secular world、Everything has become a burden to people，Becoming a fetter to one’s own life or nature，It will cause the subject to lose himself in things、Losing one’s nature，Thus worrying。The "Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong" uses "long-term worries" and "near worries" to show that bet365 games consists of its permanence in terms of "near" and "far"。

At the same time，"bet365 games" is future-oriented。In Confucian culture，bet365 games has a positive form，Points to a sense of bet365 games，Suffering is bet365 games。Xu Fuguan once set the driving force for the development of Chinese culture and the Chinese nation as "a sense of bet365 games"，What he worries about is to be prepared for danger in times of peace、The vigilant consciousness of sadness and greatness，Exactly so，Only to guard against subtle changes。If there is no future direction，There is no difference between "bet365 games" and general sorrow and distress。

Sadness and joy as a pair of categories were often used in the pre-Qin period，For this combination，Chen Shaoming once used quotations from "Xunzi·Zidao" as an example，The gist is: villains have lifelong worries，No day of bet365 games，A gentleman is the opposite，Have a lifetime of bet365 games and no worries。To this，He pointed out: "The generation of joy and sorrow，Not necessarily due to differences in objective conditions，It can also or often is due to the level of realm。”Therefore，In Confucian culture，As a combined category, bet365 games and sorrow are the subject’s attitude towards life、The manifestation of the realm of life，A gentleman "takes pleasure in forgetting his worries"，The villain is "a lifelong worry to forget bet365 games"。

Looking at the combined use of "Sorrow and Joy" in Pre-Qin Dynasty，It can be found that the two have two sides，First, they are human perceptual emotions，It is an unconscious emotion，Negative。"Zhuangzi: Deliberate" says: "Therefore, the heart is not sad or happy，The ultimate virtue”，In Zhuangzi’s opinion，When bet365 games and worry are used together，Melancholy as transience、Experiential emotions have negative damage to natural virtue，It is a representative of the emotions of secular people。It is also said in "Book of Rites and Music": "When you are extremely happy, you are worried"，That is, joy and sorrow can be communicated and transformed，Material emotion as low-level sensibility，Sadness and joy can lead to their opposites。The second is spiritual joy and sorrow。In Confucian view，Both can be transformed into positive spiritual motivation or spiritual comfort，Shaping the spiritual character and national character of the Chinese people，Promote the progress and development of the nation。

　　Pleasure and bet365 games

"Shuowen" explains "bitter" as "Great Kuling Ye"，Its original meaning refers to a kind of bitter vegetable，It tastes bitter，So it is derived as a taste experience。There are differences in the views of Confucianism and Taoism on "suffering"，Confucianism recognizes the dual nature of "suffering"，On the one hand, it is the negative and painful emotions that people feel，For example, "Mencius: King Hui of Liang" points out that cruel rule causes physical and mental suffering to the people，That is, "A happy life will last a lifetime of suffering，In bad years, death is inevitable”；On the other hand, "suffering" can be transformed into a positive force that sharpens the mind and spirit，Promote the strengthening of will and the growth of personality，In "Mencius·Gaozixia", it is believed that in order to take on a big responsibility, one must first "harden one's ambition，Work your muscles and bones”，This kind of spiritual "suffering" plays a fundamental role in the path of personality cultivation。Taoists usually believe that，“Bitterness” is a common emotion among secular people，Mainly refers to the feeling of unsatisfied material desires。In Zhuangzi’s opinion，The reason why "suffering" arises is that secular people are trapped by the body，Losing oneself to things，causing damage to nature and life，"Bitter body is absolutely sweet" in "Zhuangzi: Robber Zhi"，In "Zhuangzi Fisherman", "painstakingly laboring over shapes to endanger the truth" are all examples。But secular people do not have a deep understanding of the suffering that harms true nature，What they care about is only external psychological experiences and feelings。The "Zhuangzi·Bliss" chapter shows that secular people use the material of the tangible world as the basis for suffering and bet365 games。"Liezi Yang Zhu" also regards worry and suffering as the root cause of "violating nature"，"Worry" and "suffering" are considered by Taoists to be harmful to the true nature of nature。

"Bitterness and joy" are also a pair of commonly used categories，However, "pain and joy" and "sorrow and joy" are different after all，The difference between the two pairs of categories may be discerned through the distinction between "suffering" and "sorrow"，Based on the above analysis, it can be divided into the following points: First, "suffering" focuses on the pain caused by objective objects or environments、The psychological feeling of hardship，“bet365 games” focuses on the subject’s psychological factors，In reality, there may not be objective factors that cause bet365 games，It’s just a psychological bet365 games。The second is that "suffering" is the real physical and mental experience at the moment，“bet365 games” contains a sense of vigilance and bet365 games about the future，More uncertainty。Therefore，In the original pre-Qin canon，“Bitterness” refers to the realistic objective environment and situation that makes people feel difficult，Psychological feelings or mental suffering that point to inner pain。In this sense，“乐” refers to an objective situation of abundance and abundance that makes people feel happy，That is, the objective situation of abundance is the root cause of happy emotions，The two are unified。

　　bet365 games and joy

　For "joy"，"Erya·Exegesis" says: "Yue，service”，As "Mencius Gongsun Chou" says, "The center is pleased and sincerely convinced"，It represents the psychological feeling of inner joy and sincere admiration。Some scholars believe，The difference between "bet365 games" and "Joy" lies in whether there is intersubjectivity，That is, "'Yue' is only related to one's own practice，‘bet365 games’ is in the world，The so-called ‘intersubjective’ relational emotion”。The main basis comes from the contrast between the "pleasure" of learning and practice and the "pleasure" of friends in the first sentence of "The Analects·Xueer"。Learning and learning are one’s own practical behaviors，Characteristics of subjectivity，Friends are one of the human relationships，The important characteristic is intersubjectivity，Friendship guided by the value of "pleasure" is a true friendship。Of course，This understanding is limited to a single context，The differences between the two have not been fully restored from the classic texts。

There is also a theory that，“Joy” is an inner psychological state，And "bet365 games" is an external form of expression。Obviously，This statement is inappropriate，“Le” actually includes the psychological experience of inner bet365 games，There is another "dancing out of dissatisfaction"、The external expression of "Dance of Hands"。To this，Some studies have concluded that there are two differences between the two: First, "joy" is more focused on being happy about a specific event or situation，is a more transient one，Emotional occurrence that depends on external conditions，And "乐" tends to be a stable emotional direction；The second is that "joy" is a sufficient emotional driving force，And the joyful emotion contained in "Yue"，Not a sufficient condition to drive behavior。These two distinctions jointly illustrate one fact，That is, the level of "pleasure" is obviously higher than "pleasure"。The Mawangdui Silk Book "Five Elements Chapter" points out: "A gentleman without central worries will have no central wisdom，Wisdom without center means joy without center，Pleasure without center is uneasy，Unrest means unhappy，Not having fun is not virtuous。”It can be seen from this，The real "joy" is not purely emotional rather than rational inner pleasure，But inner sincerity under the guidance of reason (wisdom)；Only on the basis of Chengyue，In order to achieve peace of mind and bet365 games。It can be seen from the comparison of "joy" and "le"，Although both express the psychological feeling of "bet365 games" and "pleasure"，But "Le" is the highest form of expression of "bet365 games" and "pleasure" emotions，Higher than "Yue" in level。

In summary，This can be explained through a brief comparison of "joy", "sorrow", "suffering" and "joy"，“bet365 games” not only shows the satisfaction on the material level of reality，It also demonstrates the subject’s spiritual realm。In Confucianism，Have a reasonable and positive attitude towards material bet365 games，The joy of the unity of beauty and goodness with morality as the core，It is the value pursuit of a gentleman；In Taoism，Material bet365 games is beyond the reach of heaven and love，True bet365 games is "the ultimate bet365 games without bet365 games"，It is based on Tao or nature，Emotional representation as a real person，Attempting to get rid of emotions，Realize "Heavenly bet365 games" and "Bliss"。But anyway，“Le” is always the emotional appeal and purpose that the ancients regarded as the highest value。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of Philosophy, Renmin University of bet365 games)