北学 with Yanzhao academic thought as the core，Is one of the important representatives of regional studies in my country。Among them，Bet365 app download “respecting reality” is the most distinctive characteristic of Beijing University。Qing Dynasty scholar Wang Mingsheng believes，“Southerners are frivolous and impetuous，Beiren Shen Qian Dushi；The southerners are vain and exaggerated，Beiren Cheng Pu Qianjin，So the learning is still different”。

Wang divided the different orientations of Bet365 app download and southern studies based on the differences in temperament between Bet365 app download and southern people，Liang Qichao explained the characteristics of North-South Studies based on geographical environmental factors，And think，“The Bet365 app download land is bitter, cold and barren，Making a living is not easy，The nation’s spirit is exhausted，To travel for food and clothing，Maintaining society，Afraid not to give，No spare time to pursue mysterious philosophy。So his academic thoughts are practical and practical，Everything about people，Guilixing，Emphasis on experience，And the most developed way is to cultivate one’s moral character, regulate one’s family, govern the country and benefit the people”。Similar views to Liang Qichao，Liu Shipei thinks，The land of Yanzhao is barren，The folk customs are simple and honest，"The legacy of an old scholar，The study of leading governance and seeking practical results，It is very different from the flashy and rootless people of Nanxue”。The differences between North and South studies summarized by the above three scholars，It can be said to be a confrontation between "real" and "virtual"，Southern learning is still "empty"，Bet365 app download learning values ​​“practicality”，There are differences between Jing and Wei，Each one is good at winning。

The soil and water support the people，One side’s water and soil also nourishes one’s culture，The formation of Bet365 app download Studies and the spirit of Bet365 app download Studies cannot be separated from the harsh and cold natural environment of the North。At the same time，It is also a Bet365 app download scholar centered on Yanzhao，Continuously create and develop in the process of coping with survival challenges and issues of the times、The crystallization of coherent thoughts。Representative figures of Peking University in different eras not only adhere to the basic stance of "advocating truth" in inheriting Peking University，And interpret and create the spirit of "respecting reality" from the background of their respective times and theoretical perspectives，Enriching and deepening the ideological connotation of Peking University。

Xunzi as the founder of Bet365 app download Learning，Can be called the initiator of the "pragmatism" spirit of Peking University。Since the death of Confucius，His disciples wandered among the princes，Confucianism began to form factions，Special and interesting road。At the time of Xunzi，The theory of the Twelve Sons is disguised as heresy，Treachery，To bring chaos to the world"，Xunzi strives to develop foreign schools，Proposed a realistic governance strategy，With "General Strategy，Qi Yanxing，One unified class" is the key link。Liu Xiangcheng，"You can use Sun Qing，A commoner is better than a king"，Xunzi’s studies are considered to have a strong sense of worldliness。The objective spirit and practical spirit of Xunzi’s studies have established the basic spiritual characteristics of Bet365 app download Learning from the beginning。

To Han，Dong Zhongshu, who was a "Confucian sect", pointed out that the "purity and inaction" of Huang Lao's school at that time could no longer be applied to the situation of monarchical centralization，Suggestion to "Depose Baijia，Respect Confucianism only”，Making Confucianism established as the mainstream ideology of Chinese feudal society。The theory of "induction between heaven and man" he proposed established the paradigm of cosmology，Established the operating model of the monarchy。Dong Zhongshu’s Bet365 app download not only integrated the mainstream thoughts of pre-Qin Dynasty，Also promotes the institutionalization of Confucianism、Jingshihua。

Before Tang Dynasty，Due to changes in the ruling regime in the north、War and separatism，Academic thought has been greatly damaged。Although these are troubled times，Bet365 app download learning still stands tenaciously amidst the faith and persistence of many Confucian scholars。Take Liu Xianzhi as an example，Confucianism was in decline at that time，Xuanxu、The teachings of Buddha and Lao are said to be dominating，Especially in the Southern Dynasties，Advocating nothingness，Conversation becomes common practice。However，Liu Xianzhi strengthened himself in the Bet365 app download Dynasties between Penghao，Expo membership，immersed in the Five Classics of Confucianism，Disdainful of useless learning。His knowledge is comprehensive and extensive，Had great influence at the time，"All living beings in the sea，Many doubts，Xian decided to offer it”。On Lishen，He leads by virtue，Emphasis on benevolence and filial piety，Very different from the style of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties，It can be said that he is responsible for the spirit of pragmatism in Beijing University。

Early Tang Dynasty，Kong Yingda compiled "Five Classics of Justice"，This ended the dispute between Bet365 app download and Southern Studies in the Bet365 app download and Southern Dynasties。He adheres to the principle of respecting reality and overthrowing virtuality，Integrating North and South，Guangcai Bingbian，Cutting the essays。For example, "Book of Changes" takes Confucius as its sect、Wang Biweiben，Jiangnan's "speech is still empty and mysterious"，The meanings and sparse meanings of "the meanings are many and empty" are eliminated。"Shang Shu Zhengyi" adopted by Liu Xuan、Liu Zhuo said it but deleted his thoroughness and vanity。The Yishu of "Mao Shi Zhengyi" also takes Er Liu as the basis to promote its originality，Make up for the omissions。"Book of Rites and Justice" is based on Huang Kan，Use Xiong Ansheng to make up for his shortcomings，Let’s cut off the clutter，Summary of its secrets。The meaning of "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan Zhengyi" is based on Liu Shu，But don’t ignore its intention to be respectful、Happy diction、The disadvantages of good sex are not to destroy it。This pragmatic attitude ensures the detailed correction of the "Five Classics of Justice"、Plain，Made it become the orthodox theory pursued by Confucian scholars for hundreds of years before the Bet365 app download Song Dynasty。

Song Dynasty，Xiang Mathematics System of Shao Yong, one of the Five Sons of the Bet365 app download Song Dynasty、Unique in method and form，But its academic purpose is no different from that of Bet365 app download Learning。His "Huangji Jingshi" is based on the number of Yuanhui's destiny，The changes in ancient and modern times to control chaos，Be objective、Explore the development laws of history with a scientific attitude。Cheng Hao calls him "Yaofu"，The study of inner sage and outer king”，It can be seen that his doctrine has a strong political quality。Sun Qifeng also said: "Mr. Kang Jie is a scholar of world affairs，For him to master the Book of Changes，The success or failure of things is always important，Man’s misfortunes and blessings are shortened，The calculation is flawless，But he underestimated his knowledge。"Both great Confucians affirmed that Shao Yong's academic spirit has the character of managing the world，It’s not just the complex operations and advancement of numbers on paper。

Yuan Dynasty，Liu Yin’s biography of a Bet365 app download Confucian scholar，Rising Bet365 app download Learning，Indispensable contribution。He attributed the demise of the Song Dynasty to the vanity of Neo-Confucianism，Instead of promoting solid training and a down-to-earth attitude，Believe that "annotations must be transmitted first and then explained，Explain and then discuss。Always the whole story，Find out the truth...don’t be interested in novelty，Don’t be too quick to find differences，Don’t criticize，Don’t puncture”。At the same time，He put forward the view that classics are history，Emphasis on looking at the Six Classics in terms of "practicality" and "use"，In order to remedy the emptiness of Neo-Confucianism，Strive to restore the spirit and tradition of Confucianism。

Late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty，Sun Qifeng has no roots in Yangming’s post-school talk、The disadvantages of not reading books，Advocates practice，Keeping things in the world。The "Sikuquanshu General Catalog" calls it "a lifelong study"，Mainly practical”。Yan Yuan after Sun、Yan Li School founded by Li Kuang，I also feel painfully that the Confucian scholars in the Ming Dynasty advocated the study of mind，Impractical，Evolved into "Renren Zenzi"，The unrestrained and indulgent mistakes of "Every Family's Virtual Wen"，Advocates "strict implementation，Economic and practical”，Strive to correct the shortcomings。The land in the north is due to Sun、Yan、The contribution of Li and others，"The people of Youyu will no longer pay homage to each other with empty words"，Everyone practices practical learning。To this point，Peking University’s Bet365 app download pragmatism reaches its climax。

Since modern times，The spirit of Bet365 app download Learning represented by the Yan-Li School has been rediscovered。It advocates reality and deposes virtuality、The trait of focusing on practice，Especially respected by scholars，Ru Zhang Taiyan、Liang Qichao gave a very high evaluation。The spirit of pragmatism in Peking University is at the moment when the country is in danger，It also inspires people with lofty ideals to take saving the nation as their own mission，Succession。For example, Li Dazhao “dedicated himself to the cause of national liberation，Practice what you believe，Practice what you know”，Practice great beliefs with life。Another example，Zhang Shenfu highly values ​​"practical"，I say "real" is my favorite word in my life，Also the author of "Telling the Truth", "Telling the Truth Again", "Teaching the Truth", "Telling the Truth" and "Practical Trial Implementation"！！！》etc.。He proposed，Be honest、Do practical things、Talk about practical learning。Truthfully、True、actual、Practice，Down to earth，Seek truth from facts”。

In short，Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties，Dong Xun comes out，Open to Beijing University，Established and demonstrated the spirit of truth-seeking in Beijing University。After that, Bet365 app download scholars in all dynasties worshiped faith and maintained the spirit of advocating truth in Bet365 app download learning，Make it stand tall and not fall。To the early Qing Dynasty，Xia Feng、Yan Lichu，Push the spirit of truthfulness to the extreme，Won the world’s respect for his personal actions。

　(Author’s unit: Bet365 app download Institute of Social Sciences, Hebei Academy of Social Sciences)