As China increasingly moves towards the center of the world stage,The world is paying more attention to China than ever before。According to the "International Ulrich Journal Guide", an investigation of bet365 mobile English journals conducted by Chen Su, Director of the East Asian Library at the University of California, and Wang Chengzhi, Head of the Chinese Department of the East Asian Library at Columbia University, showed that: as of 2009,A total of 125 Chinese research journals included in the "Guide",54 of them were newly added from 2000 to 2009,Accounting for about 49% of the total number of net additional Asian studies (110 titles) during the same period。Their survey on the publishing situation of overseas Chinese research works based on the "Global Online Bibliographic Information Database" also showed that,This database contains 2710 Chinese research works from 2000 to 2005,1 for Japanese studies monograph.46 times、7 of Korean Studies Monographs.52 times。All this shows,bet365 mobile have ushered in a real period of prosperity。
Influenced by China’s development、The influence of factors such as globalization and academic trends,There have been several striking new trends in bet365 mobile since the new century。
一,China’s knowledge production is increasingly “globalized”。Since the Jesuits came to China in the late Ming Dynasty,Except China and its close neighbor Japan、South Korea、Vietnam and other countries,Knowledge production about China is mainly limited to law、Germany、English、美、Russia、Netherlands、Sweden and a few other European and American countries。After the reform and opening up, especially since the 21st century,South Africa、Brazil、Egypt、Kazakhstan and many other countries have successively established China research centers,China studies are booming in non-Western countries。The "Young Sinologist Training Program" established by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2014,As of 2019, it has attracted a total of 551 young sinologists from 103 countries who have certain academic research achievements and social influence in the field of China studies to participate。Undeniable,美、English、法、Germany、日、Russia and others are still the “absolute main force” in overseas bet365 mobile knowledge production;But in terms of the region of China’s knowledge production,China studies are no longer exclusive to a few countries,Having moved towards true “globalization”。
Second,Chinese scholars have become an important new force in overseas China studies。Since the late 19th and early 20th centuries,Ge Kunhua、Although Chinese scholars such as Mei Guangdi have begun to teach Chinese in European and American universities,Engaged in sinology research,But the number of people is very limited。Since the 21st century,A group of Chinese scholars with Chinese cultural background,Especially scholars from mainland China,After receiving a doctorate in "Chinese Studies", he rushed to be hired by European and American universities。As Yale University professor Sun Kangyi said,“Over the past ten years,Major changes have occurred in the composition of East Asian departments in American universities,The proportion of Chinese professors is increasing”,Twenty or thirty years ago,“Chinese professors are only a minority among professors”。Not only are the number of Chinese professors increasing,They also have more and more say。There are 17 authors of "Cambridge History of Chinese Literature",8 of them are Chinese “Sinologists”。The author once searched the "Cambridge Books Online" database using China as the keyword,Cambridge University Press has published a total of 288 works on China since 2015;Displayed by verifying author name,64 of them were written by Chinese scholars with Chinese cultural background,Another 11 books have Chinese scholars as co-authors。This reflects the new trend of bet365 mobile relying more on Eastern scholars,“Chinese studies are gradually returning to China”。
Third,Overseas China research focuses more on contemporary China。Since World War II,The focus of bet365 mobile has begun to shift from traditional China to contemporary China。After the 21st century,Traditional Chinese studies have obviously declined,Contemporary China has become the undisputed center of gravity,Currently, China’s practice has become an emerging hot spot in overseas China studies。2012,After President Xi Jinping proposed and explained the connotation of the Chinese Dream when visiting the "Road to Renaissance" exhibition,The “Chinese Dream” has become a hot topic in overseas media and academic circles。2013, After the “Belt and Road” initiative was proposed and implemented,It has become a hot spot in bet365 mobile。Yuan Luxia and Wang Dan of China International Publishing Group use “One Belt, One Road”, “Silk Road” and “Maritime Silk Road” as keywords,English on Amazon、法、Germany、西、Discovered in Japanese and other multi-lingual searches,Overseas published more than 900 “Belt and Road” themed books in the five years from 2013 to 2017。China’s influence on the world has never been as comprehensive and profound as it is today,This is why contemporary Chinese practice has become a hot topic in overseas China studies。
Fourth,"bet365 mobile Studies" is "divided" by the subject research institute。Over a long period of time,China studies are considered to be pure knowledge that has nothing to do with reality,Because it is the intellectual pursuit of researchers out of heterogeneous cultural interests。Therefore,For a long time it has been regarded as an independent field outside of modern disciplines。After the outbreak of the Pacific War,Especially the beginning of the Cold War,“Regional studies” with the purpose of in-depth understanding of China, especially contemporary China, emerged at the historic moment。Historian Mary Clabaugh Wright once said: "Few social scientists believe that long-term commitment to the study of a single cultural area is justified,Although it is the largest and most colorful region in the world。”With globalization, especially the development of China,Any thinker whose research centers on human beings,If its ideological structure cannot accommodate and explain China’s experience,His ideas and theories are not convincing。Therefore,China’s issues and phenomena have become the focus of overseas academic circles,China studies are welcomed by all disciplines in the international academic community,Regional research turns to "disciplinary research"。Xu Hong, director of the East Asian Library at the University of Pittsburgh, conducted a quantitative analysis of 1,336 doctoral theses on China studies from 30 universities in the United States from 2004 to 2009,The results show that these papers belong to 111 major and minor disciplines。Although the disciplines of humanities and social sciences still account for the majority,But there is no lack of care here、Public Health、Medicine、Environment、Engineering、Geology, geography and other related disciplines。Today,Most overseas scholars engaged in China studies study bet365 mobile issues within their respective disciplines。
Since advocating “disciplinary research”,Interdisciplinary has gradually become a striking “label” for bet365 mobile。Intervention of social science disciplines,This has led to the introduction of emerging theoretical methods into the field of bet365 mobile。So,Overseas China research gives people a sense of new trends。In the meantime,Refreshing and good works appear from time to time。
bet365 mobile based on “many studies to govern one study”,It does not just provide a profound and broad "other" perspective for Chinese studies in China。The most important value to us,To provide possibilities and opportunities for the construction of Chinese discourse system。Discourse system construction,In fact, its role in the world、Status and influence are closely related。China’s peaceful rise and increasing influence on the world,Making academic circles’ attention to China a global phenomenon。China has become an unavoidable topic in international academic research,This is the premise for Chinese discourse to be constructed。After the discourse system is constructed,It also needs to be converted and applied in academic research in various disciplines。In a sense,Overseas China studies play this role,It will be a Chinese phenomenon、China problem、Chinese methods are introduced into various disciplines,Provides samples and perspectives about China for the academic community,While enriching the understanding of China,Also introduce Chinese experience and knowledge into academic research。
Of course,We must also be clearly aware,bet365 mobile are essentially “foreign studies”,Problem awareness、Research ideas and methods and the academic context of the country where the scholar is located、Political background、Observation positions are closely related。Because of this,Their research on China has many limitations and deficiencies。Mr. Wang Rongzu starts from individual cases,Sharply pointed out that there are six major problems in overseas Chinese history research: "outrageous misunderstandings", "serious misinterpretations", "ridiculous distortions", "unconscious deviations", "biographies that confuse right and wrong", and "reversal of verdicts with ulterior motives"。Fundamentally speaking,These problems existing in overseas Chinese research,It’s because researchers cannot let go of their existing consciousness、Perspective、Position,In addition, there is a lack of real feelings and in-depth understanding of Chinese society and culture,It is difficult to get along well with China, the subject of research。Opposite,It is often easy for them to embed their own country’s experience into Chinese studies,This makes China studies “colorful”。
In terms of the development of bet365 mobile,The author believes that the main problem lies in the "lack of overall awareness"。Everyone knows,China is a great civilized country,Another big country that is developing and changing rapidly。Facing such a complicated country,China research requires a “complete view of China”,Otherwise there will inevitably be bias, misunderstanding or even distortion。However,With the “disciplinary” research of bet365 mobile,China studies are divided into various disciplines,Chinese knowledge is increasingly fragmented,Acquiring a macro understanding of China’s different historical periods has become out of reach。Undeniable,“Disciplinary” research has greatly enriched and deepened the academic community’s understanding of China’s past and present。But,Excessive “disciplinarity” is increasingly restricting China studies,Making it difficult to have a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of China。As early as the 1960s,Frederick W. Mote) raises the "problem of the integrity of Sinology",Thinks that “the integrity of Sinology is increasingly seen as an impossible ideal”,But "its role is indispensable,Because only a larger vision can maintain the integration of thoughts”。In recent years,Australian China expert Kevin Rudd strongly advocates "New Sinology",Believes that it is necessary to “break down the artificial barriers and barriers between various specialties that have been formed over the past many years”,To form a “bigger overall view” of China。Undeniable,Achieving this integrity is quite difficult,But it is deepening China studies、Accurately and comprehensively understand what China needs。
Although there are some shortcomings and problems in overseas Chinese research,But it is an indisputable fact that it has produced a huge amount of Chinese knowledge。According to statistics by Yin Hanchao, associate research librarian of the Overseas Chinese Literature Research Center of the National Library of China,The total number of foreign Chinese literature collected by the National Library of China from 2015 to 2019 was 3215、2778、2620、2589、2134 species。Facing the ever-increasing vast knowledge base of Chinese studies abroad,“We know only so much”,Not to mention dialogue and criticism。The author thinks,Today we need to integrate our efforts to strengthen tracking,To understand new development trends and new trends of thought、New hot spots and influential results。While improving understanding,It is more necessary to carry out dialogue and criticism on an equal footing。If it is impossible to criticize overseas China studies based on academic and professional knowledge,We will lose the right to speak in the international China research field,Explain that China has also given up its power。What’s more important,bet365 mobile mostly contain theories and discourses based on Western experience。Taking overseas research on Chinese frontier history as an example,The border research used、Theories such as ethnic studies and global history,They are all built on the historical experience with the United States and the Western world as the core,What is conveyed behind its theory is the "universal" discourse constructed by the United States。If there is no academic examination and criticism on it,It is impossible to talk about establishing a theoretical and discourse system based on Chinese experience。
In short,For bet365 mobile,We cannot blindly praise with a "Sinology mentality",It cannot be excluded in the name of reflection,But we should start a dialogue with them as equals,Criticize on the basis of strengthening local consciousness and local stance at the same time。Through dialogue and criticism,Make it serve the reform and development of China’s own academics,And then construct a theoretical and discourse system based on Chinese experience。
(The author is a professor at the School of Marxism, East China Normal University、Professor of bet365 mobile Research Center)
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