Normativity is the basic characteristic of human activities，Distinguish humans from animals。It is based on obeying the rules - understanding the rules - reflecting on the rules，Activities characterized by “should”, “reason” and “intention”。From the perspective of evolutionary psychology，Children’s internalization of cultural identification with “we”，Allow children to self-regulate their beliefs and actions in a bet365 cricket odds manner，The direction of guidance is the group’s rationality standards and morality that are collectively accepted，That is, rationality and responsibility。Philosophically，The reason why people can apply concepts to experience，Create rules and follow them，Make a commitment and take responsibility，Expand reasoning and make judgments，Because “we are bound by reason，A person who submits to the special power of better reasons。This power is a bet365 cricket odds power，A rational ‘should’。Reason is rationality，It lies in being restricted or governed by these norms，It consists in submitting to the authority of reason”。

　　Contemporary Western philosophy pays close attention to bet365 cricket odds issues at the basic theoretical level

Philosophical thinking centered on normativity，With the substantial knowledge of objects in the mainstream tradition of Western philosophy、Empirical knowledge about things、Comparison of speculative knowledge about universals，Reflecting the purpose、Big differences in goals and methods，It also heralds a shift in the focus and basis of philosophy: from the exploration of mysteries and principles to thinking about obeying rules；From the construction of rational knowledge to the defense of reason space；From a speculative subject with metaphysics as its own responsibility to a responsible subject centered on judgment and action；From the first-person “I think” subject to the public language community；Shifting from third-person describability to second-person point of view、Reason and ability，etc.。These turns clearly begin with Kant’s philosophy，But it has always been an undercurrent in the Western philosophical tradition。In-depth study of normativity，It is the concern of contemporary philosophy，Especially reflected in metaethics、In the fields of legal philosophy and social philosophy。Specifically，For the nature of normativity、Research on bet365 cricket odds facts and general values，For language、Meaning、Cognition、bet365 cricket odds thinking on belief and causation，For morality、Law、bet365 cricket odds discussion of market and other institutional facts and abstract rules，Becoming the main content of research on contemporary bet365 cricket odds issues。

Although German classical philosophy did not explicitly propose the philosophical theme of normativity，But it actually played a foundational role in the tenacious growth of bet365 cricket odds philosophy within philosophy in the 20th century。Husserl has clearly regarded normativity as an important theme of his concern。In the world of analytic philosophy，The upsurge in bet365 cricket odds research originated from Kripke’s discussion of Wittgenstein and the paradox of following rules，But Sellars’s research on “reason space” has actually captured the core concept of normativity。Since the 1990s，The influence of McDowell and Blanton，Make bet365 cricket odds issues an important philosophical growth point，In Northern Europe、UK、The United States and other places have emerged as research centers on bet365 cricket odds issues，Cross-field bet365 cricket odds research is also springing up，Awesome view。From the normativity of meaning and content to the normativity of cognition，From intention normativity to action normativity，The concept or issue of normativity has penetrated deeply into the philosophy of mind beyond the philosophy of language、Philosophy of Action、Philosophy of Science、Cognitive Science、Among disciplines such as ethics and jurisprudence。On the nature of normativity、bet365 cricket odds sources、bet365 cricket odds effectiveness、bet365 cricket odds transcendental argument、Issues such as normativity and the debate between naturalism and causalism，Becoming the main issue in bet365 cricket odds research。

In the study of bet365 cricket odds issues，Metaethics、Legal philosophy and social philosophy are the three most prominent fields。In the field of metaethics，In-depth study of the core vocabulary "should" in moral sentences，Repeated discussion of Hume’s problem, the gap between “is” and “ought”，The tug-of-war between naturalism and anti-naturalism in the moral field，All this makes the debate on bet365 cricket odds issues increasingly fierce。In the field of legal philosophy，The debate between Hans Kelsen’s pure legal theory and institutional jurisprudence，The confrontation between legal positivism and anti-positivism，Bringing to the fore the issue between different types of facts and norms: descriptive facts as a practice in determining legal content，Is it the sole decider of legal content？Or the legal content also depends on bet365 cricket odds or evaluative facts, that is, value facts？In the field of social philosophy，John Searle’s Institutional Fact Theory、Margaret Gilbert’s Social Fact Theory，Not only caused behavioral science and cognitive psychology to pay attention to logicism and normativism，And ignited the research boom of social ontology。

It can be said，The bet365 cricket odds turn in contemporary Western philosophy is reflected in the profound attention to bet365 cricket odds issues at the basic theoretical level，Thus, the overall and basic research on bet365 cricket odds philosophy is ready to come out。This bet365 cricket odds turn no longer insists on facts and values、Descriptive and bet365 cricket odds、The stark dichotomy between what is and what should be，All rational activities、Rational thinking is all action，All must follow logical reasoning to varying degrees、Concept application、Normativity of language activities。We are not only subject to causal forces、Constraints of physical facts，What is more important is that activities are in the bet365 cricket odds field，And normativity is where freedom lies。This bet365 cricket odds turn no longer allows philosophy to adhere to the mission and responsibility of natural science，No longer targeting various types of deterministic knowledge，But work on understanding、Explanatory、Creative practical philosophy。The work of this practical philosophy is to transform into public the norms implicit in the various sciences and types of activity、Clear expression，Clarity in the fundamental sense is to make the expression have propositional content，And become the basic steps in the language game of giving and asking for reasons。This bet365 cricket odds turn makes philosophy no longer tempted by abstract pure reason or transcendent absolute reason，But focus on sociality、Historic、Conceptual verbal inference practice，Abandon the unpremised "I think"、Contextless “subject”、The ubiquitous naturalistic restoration direction，Turn to focus on the historical formation and identification process of various abstract rules，Focus on the language practice ability based on the language community as the premise of pragmatics，From the natural logical space to the reason space for action，Strive for greater clarity、More fully understand human practical activities and capabilities。

　　Contemporary bet365 cricket odds philosophy gradually forms a unique problem domain

Normativity is everywhere，Wherever human practical behavior and conceptual activities occur，Both involve understanding、Commitment、Evaluation、Defense、Acknowledge、Identification and other bet365 cricket odds activities。Therefore，Normativity is the basic characteristic of human activities，bet365 cricket odds elements are both practice and ability，Especially the content contained in the practice of verbal inference，It is also the default implicit in such activities。bet365 cricket odds requirements embody the dual attributes of morality and modality at the same time，It involves commitment、The "should" and "must" of responsibilities，Also involves the necessity and possibility of modality。Further explanation，Freedom is a bet365 cricket odds requirement，Also guaranteed and extended in normativity。In a nutshell，The thinking of bet365 cricket odds philosophy is different from the context and vocabulary of the mainstream tradition of Western philosophy，It is about gradually forming its own problem domain and discourse system in the map of contemporary philosophy and knowledge。The structure of this problem domain roughly includes the following five aspects。

First，General examination of bet365 cricket odds concepts，Explain the basic structure of normativity。This work focuses on the following three items: Possible classifications of normativity，Such as evaluative normativity and deontological normativity, etc.；The source and basis of normativity，Is normativity a spontaneity that requires no foundation but directly relies on reason，Or it may be based on public reason and social practice。This is a very critical issue for understanding normativity；Clarifying a series of dichotomies involving normativity，such as the distinction between descriptive and bet365 cricket odds，The distinction between facts and values，The distinction between receptivity and spontaneity, etc.。

Second，Classification and characteristics of bet365 cricket odds vocabulary。The basic characteristic of bet365 cricket odds sentences is that they contain bet365 cricket odds vocabulary，Especially the "good", "ought" and "reason" that occupy a central position in moral and practical philosophy。Examine the classification of bet365 cricket odds sentences from the perspective of vocabulary，And combine it with the logical vocabulary、Modal vocabulary to compare，Examine the substantial relationship between modality and normativity、The relationship between rationality and normativeness is of great significance。

　Third，The nature of bet365 cricket odds entities and bet365 cricket odds facts。We are in a bet365 cricket odds world，Wherever there are crowds，There are specifications，From words to actions，From faith to law，All under bet365 cricket odds binding force。Whether there are bet365 cricket odds facts、Attributes and Relationships？if exists，Whether they are irreducible？If moral facts、The realist viewpoint of value fact etc. is established，So whether bet365 cricket odds realism is true？Can the bet365 cricket odds anti-realist position be defended？These questions are extremely important for understanding normativity。

　Fourth，Normativity of meaning and normativeness of cognition。The speech act of making a meaning assertion is itself bet365 cricket odds，That is, saying what something means is making a rule。But the bet365 cricket odds separation of meaning is still not clear enough。The normativity of meaning is obviously different from the normativity of morality，And related to compliance issues。Cognitive normativity mainly involves the status and basis of cognitive norms，Especially issues related to cognitive evaluation。

　Fifth，Normativism vs. non-normativism and anti-normativism。This fundamental question is of substantive significance for bet365 cricket odds philosophy，Because it lies at the center of contemporary debates about normativity。On the one hand，To anti-normativism such as various naturalisms、Causalism、A powerful refutation of expressionism，A matter of whether normativism can be strongly defended，Thus, it is affirmed that the existence of bet365 cricket odds entities does not require metaphysical reduction or causal reduction。At the same time, the existence of normativity does not need to presuppose a bet365 cricket odds world (ghost world) parallel to the real world，Normativity in cognition、Logic、Language and system have their own basis for existence。On the other hand，We need to explain how normativity can become our cognition、The supreme principle of motivation and volitional action；How can we realize these cognitions、Motives and volitional actions are appropriate in certain situations，Inappropriate in other situations；How can we suitably、Speak correctly or effectively、Thoughts and actions, etc.。This requires providing a bet365 cricket odds discourse、Semantic explanation of thinking and action。Last，Does bet365 cricket odds truth exist？What makes the answer to a bet365 cricket odds question right or wrong？How to provide a reasonable and reliable defense to this？

The above five aspects of research can roughly outline the nature and structure of normativity。Of course，Research on these five aspects，Cannot comply with legal regulations、Ethics、Social Norms、Separation of research in scientific standards and other fields。Actually，bet365 cricket odds philosophy should be integrated with specific bet365 cricket odds research in the field of human activities，Only in order to highlight the importance of bet365 cricket odds philosophy。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 cricket odds, Beijing Normal University)