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Scientific populism is a branch of populist ideology。In social life，Scientific populism often hinders people to implement policies and measures based on science as the foundation of decision -making。For example，Scientific populism has caused a lot of resistance to the prevention and anti -epidemic work of some countries。At the same time，The flood of political populism in some countries around the world，It also played a role in helping the fermentation of scientific populism。Direct withdrawal as a negative influence of scientific populism，Many experts and scholars in the academic world have been paying attention to and studying how to deal with its impact。How to actively eliminate scientific populism around the academic world，Our reporter interviewed Mike Shafel, a professor of science communication at Zurich University in Switzerland。

　　Science and common sense is not mutually exclusive

　　"China Social Sciences":Scientific populists tend to rely on common sense rather than science，Facing the impact of scientific populism，How can people seek balance in common sense and professional knowledge?

　　Shafel:Common sense itself and professional knowledge do not reprimand。Related social science research has shown，People can be outside of organized formal scientific research，Discover valuable knowledge and understanding。The problem of scientific populism is，It tries to use lack of evidence support and professional recognition、Common sense that is not criticized and regulated by the outside world，to replace scientific understanding，Replace the knowledge production method of the system that has been established、Scientific research method，and research quality control system based on peer review。The common sense required for scientific populists is not based on facts，but a belief based on ideology。The rise of this belief is not accidental，Instead, it is driven by a series of influential political populists，For example, some populist politicians who have won elections。

　　"China Social Sciences":What are the main cases about the negative impact of scientific populism?

　　Shafel:Scientific populism and other forms of criticism of science，mainly revolved around science and engineering disciplines and natural science research。The recently mentioned examples are research on medical research, especially related to vaccine vaccination，For example, the scientific populist criticize the measles vaccine。other，There are also many opposition voices in the field of climate science and evolution。Of course，Scientific populist criticism is not limited to the field of science and engineering disciplines and natural science research。

　　"China Social Sciences":People are generally familiar with the impact of scientific populism on the field of natural sciences，How does it affect other research areas?

　　Shafel:In many countries，Social scientific research like gender research has also been attacked by scientific populism，Because this kind of research is regarded by scientific populists as an ideological activity rather than scientific activity。other，The field of art is also often criticized by scientific populists，It is accused of "wasting taxpayers' money"。

　　Social media changes scientific and social relations

　　"China Social Sciences":Someone advocates，Science should be regarded as the results of scientists explored under certain social conditions，instead of reappearing reality completely and objective。What do you think of this remark?

　　Shafel:For a long time，Social studies in the field of science，Social factors、Shixing research paradigm and research method、Power structure、Social Level、Interpersonal negotiation process, etc., all play a role in scientific research，The production process of scientific knowledge is not as objective and pure as usual。but，Make scientific activities or at least "good scientific activities" with special significance fundamental，It is the pursuit of objectivity。This is reflected in scientific activities that can clearly clarify its claims and basis，Review and criticism，Correction when criticizing reasonable criticism。So，Scientific knowledge still has a special epistemology position，and do so。

　　"China Social Sciences":What role does social media play on scientific populism? How should we deal with this challenge?

　　Shafel:The rise of online social media，Deeply changed the relationship between science and society。Many issues including scientific issues，The emergence of social media makes more people get the right to speak，This includes some people who only have rarely or even do not have professional scientific knowledge，and those who intend to promote the anti -scientific agenda。other，Social media platforms of some countries will draw advertising income from scientific reports，This distribution system has greatly weakened the influence of scientific news in these countries，plus algorithm management and social recommendation replaced the news barrier，These have brought real challenges，and there is no ready -made solution。We need to consider providing funds for reliable scientific news，Keep its editor independence to a certain extent。At the same time，We need a responsible social media platform to review the content，Avoid speech on the conspiracy theory of science，It is scattered at will because it is easy to obtain a large amount of traffic。

　　Improve the public’s trust in science

　　"China Social Sciences":Some scientific researchers are very active on social platforms，and use this as a medium，Active fighting scientific populism，How do you think of this phenomenon?

　　Shafel:We do really need the scientific community to actively participate in media activities and public debates。Of course，Not every scientific researcher must do this，But there should be more than now more scientific researchers to invest in this job，and try to do it。It is not easy to complete this task，This means that you need to add scientific communication training in related courses，Establish an incentive mechanism for contributing to communication in scientific organizations and scientific research institutions，It is also necessary to provide social and psychological legal guarantees for scientists who have conducted communication activities and attacked。

　　"China Social Sciences":From the long run，The crux of the scientific populism，How should we resolve it，Enhance the public's trust in science?

　　Shafel:Psychological research indicates，Trust of Science -Psychologists call "Cognitive Trust" mainly three pillars。First，Trust the ability of scientists in its expertise。Second，Trust the integrity and authenticity of scientific research methods。third，Believe that scientists have goodwill，Scientific research activities can release positive social effects，Public interest orientation of trust science。If we can enhance the public's trust in science in these three aspects，can enhance the public’s overall trust in science。But so far，The exchange between academic and the public is mainly concentrated in displaying the professional skills of scientists，That is the first aspect。Future，Especially when scientific researchers communicate with audiences who are not interested in science,，Should pay more attention to strengthening the latter two aspects。