■Mike Shafir Picture source: Official website of the University of Zurich, Switzerland

bet365 games populism is a branch of populist thought。In social life，bet365 games populism often prevents people from implementing policies and measures that are based on science for decision-making。For example，bet365 games populism has created considerable resistance to the epidemic prevention and anti-epidemic work in some countries。At the same time，The spread of political populism in some countries around the world，It also contributed to the fermentation of bet365 games populism。As a direct bearer of the negative impact of bet365 games populism，Many experts and scholars in the academic community have been paying attention to and studying how to deal with its impact in recent years。Questions surrounding how academia can proactively eliminate bet365 games populism，Our reporter interviewed Mike Shafir, professor of science communication at the University of Zurich, Switzerland。

　　bet365 games and common sense are not mutually exclusive

　　"Chinese bet365 games Sciences Journal":Science populists tend to rely on common sense rather than science，Facing the impact of bet365 games populism，How should people find a balance between common sense and professional knowledge？

　　Shafir:Common sense itself and professional knowledge are not mutually exclusive。Relevant social bet365 games research has shown，People can work outside of organized formal bet365 games research，Discover valuable knowledge and understanding。The problem with bet365 games populism is，It attempts to use lack of evidence support and professional endorsement、Common sense that is not subject to external criticism and supervision，To replace bet365 games understanding，Replacing established systems of knowledge production、bet365 games research methods，And a research quality control system based on peer review。The common sense that bet365 games populists need is not fact-based knowledge，But a belief based on ideology。The rise of this belief is not accidental，But it was driven by a series of influential political populists，For example, some populist politicians who won elections。

　　"Chinese bet365 games Sciences Journal":What are the main cases about the negative effects of bet365 games populism？

　　Shafir:bet365 games populism and other forms of criticism of science，Mainly focusing on science, engineering and natural science research。An example often mentioned recently is medical research, especially research on vaccination，For example, bet365 games populists’ criticism of the measles vaccine。In addition，There are also many opposing voices in the fields of climate science and evolution。Of course，The criticism of bet365 games populism is not limited to science, engineering and natural science research fields。

　　"Chinese bet365 games Sciences Journal":People are generally familiar with the impact of bet365 games populism on the field of natural science，How does it affect other research fields？

　　Shafir:In many countries，Social science research like gender studies is also under attack from bet365 games populism，Because this type of research is regarded by bet365 games populists as an ideological activity rather than a bet365 games activity。In addition，The arts are also often criticized by bet365 games populists，Accused of "wasting taxpayers' money"。

　　Social media changes the relationship between bet365 games and society

　　"Chinese bet365 games Sciences Journal":Someone advocates，bet365 games should be regarded as the results discovered by scientists under certain social conditions，Rather than a completely true and objective representation of reality。What do you think of this statement？

　　Shafir:Long time，Social research conducted in the field of science shows that，Social factors、Fashionable research paradigms and research methods、Power structure、Social class、The interpersonal negotiation process etc. all play a role in the bet365 games research process，The production process of bet365 games knowledge is not as objective and pure as it is usually presented。But，The fundamentals that make bet365 games activities, or at least "good bet365 games activities", have special significance，It is the pursuit of objectivity。This is reflected in bet365 games activities that can clearly state their claims and basis，Accept review and criticism，And make corrections when criticism is justified。Therefore，bet365 games knowledge still has a special epistemological status，And as it should be。

　　"Chinese bet365 games Sciences Journal":What role does social media play in bet365 games populism？How should we deal with this challenge？

　　Shafir:The rise of online social media，Profoundly changed the relationship between science and society。On many issues including bet365 games issues，The emergence of social media has given more people a voice，This includes people with little or no professional bet365 games knowledge，And those interested in promoting an anti-science agenda。In addition，Social media platforms in some countries divert advertising revenue from science reporting，This distribution system greatly weakens the influence of science journalism in these countries，Coupled with algorithm management and social recommendations replacing news control，These all bring real challenges，And there is no ready-made solution。We need to consider funding sources for reliable science journalism，Maintain a certain degree of editorial independence。At the same time，We need responsible social media platforms to moderate content，Avoid conspiracy theories about science，It is spread at will because it easily obtains a large amount of traffic。

　　Promote public trust in bet365 games

　　"Chinese bet365 games Sciences Journal":Some bet365 games researchers are very active on social platforms，And use this as a medium，Actively combat bet365 games populism，What do you think of this phenomenon？

　　Shafir:We do need the bet365 games community to actively participate in media activities and public debates。Of course，Not every bet365 games researcher must do this，But there should be more bet365 games researchers involved in this work than now，And do your best。It is not easy to complete this task，This means that training in science communication needs to be included in relevant courses，Establish incentives for communication contributions in bet365 games organizations and research institutions，It is also necessary to provide necessary social and psychological legal protection for scientists who carry out communication activities and are attacked。

　　"Chinese bet365 games Sciences Journal":In the long run，Targeting the crux of bet365 games populism，How should we resolve it，Promote public trust in science？

　　Shafir:Psychological research shows，Trust in science—what psychologists call “cognitive trust” has three main pillars。First，Trust in scientists’ abilities in their areas of expertise。Second，Trust in the integrity and authenticity of bet365 games research methods。Third，Believe that scientists have good intentions，bet365 games research activities can release positive social effects，Public interest orientation of trusting science。If we can improve public trust in science in these three areas，can increase the public’s overall trust in science。But so far，Communication between academia and the public focuses on demonstrating the professional skills of scientists，That is, the first aspect。Future，Especially when researchers are communicating with audiences who are not interested enough in science，We should pay more attention to strengthening the display of the latter two aspects。