The Sui Dynasty was an important dynasty for the beginning of the traditional society in my country，ending the situation of division and separation after the late Eastern Han Dynasty，Economic Activity，Cultural Development，The Grand Canal that runs north and south has basically formed the national economic pattern。At the same time，Silk Road Unblocked，frequent international exchanges，The Emperor of the Sui Dynasty appeared on the world's political stage with the posture of "Emperor Ke Khan"。Sui Dynasty has more innovation in the system，Among them, one of the important innovations of the establishment of folk warehouses。This community mutual assistance self -rescue measures to deal with natural disasters，At that time, I received good social benefits，and far -reaching impact on future generations。

　　bet365 live casino games

After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty，Immediately take a series of measures to restore and develop socio -economic。The implementation of the valid uniform field system since the Northern Wei Dynasty，Unified currency and measurement; implement the household registration system of "big cordlier"，Adopt the "Light Tax method"，Reduce the burden on direct producers; increase the age of residents from 18 years of age to 21，The service time is shortened from 30 days per year to 20 days，It is also stipulated that men who have reached 50 years of age can serve; household adjustments are reduced from one (4 feet) to 2 feet;。In order to prevent officials from fraud，The Central Government of the Sui Dynasty formulated a quota with a service、Exemption Standard、"Input Sample"，Award from various places，Unified execution。Due to Emperor Sui Wen, the monarch and minister inspire the governance，Take light 徭 赋、Basic national policy of resting with the people，The "Governance of the Emperor", which has made historians known。

After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty，Social Stability，Unification of North and South，The normal life order and production order of the people have been guaranteed，Folk mutual assistance Bet365 app download to become windy。Another，The Sui Dynasty is an era of encouraging innovation，Like creating an imperial examination、Implementing the three provinces of the Central Government、Establish a national water transport business network with the canal as the core。Under such a social atmosphere，A folk mutual aid self -rescue form that responds to natural disasters appears -Yicang。Obvious effects，Yicang will soon be recognized by the central government，and take measures to promote it nationwide。

Promote nationwide

Sui Dynasty Yicang as an important initiative in socio -economic aspects，The reason for appearing is multiple aspects。It is a form of mutual assistance self -help to deal with natural disasters in private communities，It is effective measures summarized in long -term social practice。and discover it and actively promote it nationwide，It is Sun Ping, the head of the court,。

Chang Sun Ping is from Luoyang, Henan，Born in a noble family，History is called smart and easy to learn，"The Secretary of the Pigram"，It was learned as early as the Emperor Sui Wen, and was appreciated and reused。Three Years of Emperor Emperor (583)，Chang Sun Ping Guan Zhizhizhishangshu，Statistics and support for the national financial Fu，is one of the six central officials。In the process of controlling the national economic operation，In view of the "Drought and Drought in the World Prefecture County，The social reality of the people will not give "，Seriously summarize the form of mutual assistance and self -help，In the fifth year of Emperor Kai, the "played the folk's family of millet and a stone has been under the fall，Poor rich and rich，Storage Lane，Prepare the fierce year，called ‘Yicang’ ”。Its core content includes: each household lost a certain amount of grain according to the rich and poor after the autumn harvest (limited to the most rich households to pay more than one stone)，As a source of storage of Yicang; these foods must be stored in Social Lane; Yicang's food is a special material for local natural disasters，No need to move with him。Implementation of Yicang，I received good social benefits，The so -called "self -state Fengyan，People Lai Lai "refers to this。

Chang Sun Ping's historical basis for setting up Yicang，bet365 live casino games As he said in the prince of the emperor，"Country is based on the people，People take food as life "，"The accumulation of the ancients for three years has plowed for more than one year，Nine years and three years of storage，Although water and drought are disaster，and the people have no dishes，All persuasion，Preparation of the Preparation "。Chang Sun Ping raised the warehousing of the private community to the national strategic height。We know，In terms of warehousing policy，The government often only pays attention to the crickets set by the government and directly operate; for private warehousing，There is no such regulations to follow，or the government takes a self -current attitude towards it。

Chang Sun Ping Zou, please set up a social position，and can be promoted smoothly nationwide，There are three main reasons。First，Chang Sun Ping, as the Chief Executive of the National Fortune Fu，Have a certain administrative resource。Second，He carefully summarized the measures that have been practiced for many years in the people at that time and had effective mutual assistance self -help measures，Social foundation that has the smooth promotion of it。Last，He fully draws the lesson lessons of self -rescue in history，Make a certain degree of improvement of private self -rescue measures at that time，strong operability。Another，One thing worth noting is，The design and construction of Cangyu at that time，already has high pairing knowledge and moisture -proof、Knowledge of fire knowledge，Reasonable internal structure、Building is easy and easy to run，Comprehensive technology gets actual use in Cangyu building。This is undoubtedly conducive to the construction and maintenance of folk warehouses。

　　From the spontaneous converted to the government to government -run

The original meaning of the Sui Dynasty Yicang is a form of a folk to respond to natural disasters and human disasters.，Voluntary raising resources according to the living conditions of the community，It is mainly based on the situation of the rich and the poor of the family。Yicang is a folk spontaneous management，Generally be noble by character、People who are fair and enthusiastic about public welfare are responsible。Later，Local governments found that this is an effective way bet365 live casino games to spontaneously rescue the world when the people respond to natural disasters，Give it full affirmation。At that time，The food in Yicang is still "persuasive" by local residents，Continue to adhere to the principle of voluntary donation。

Five years of the emperor，The Suggestion of the Central Government of the Sui Dynasty adopted the adoption of the scholar Sun Ping: "Let the people of Zhuzhou and soldiers，On the day of harvest，Standing in charge of righteous warehouse。On the day of harvest，With what it gets，Persuasion of the lesson and wheat，​​Yu Dang Society Cangka Cellar Storage。"Although it is the nature of voluntary donations from the people，However, at this time the government has already involved a certain degree，"That is the Division of the Commission，Executive Account Inspection School "。Yicang relief scope is limited to the members of this company，"When there is a hunger in the community，To give it to "this valley"。Since this is the warehouse of the social office，Therefore, also known as "social warehouse"。According to the Sui Dynasty regulations，Under normal circumstances，"Twenty -five people are one agency"。Actually，The number of households of "society" at that time was a summary，"It is not limited to the old society and the rare person"。In short，Chang Sun Ping's support of Emperor Sui Wen，Take strong measures，Promote the spontaneous righteous warehouse of the folk to the whole country。Later，Sui Dynasty Yicang has evolved mostly。

Fifteen Years of the Emperor，It is a node that has changed significantly in the Sui Dynasty righteous warehouse。This year，Emperor Sui Weng ordered the pilot pilot of the implementation of righteous warehouse management and reserve food sources in the northwest region: the righteous warehouse here is changed from the people's self -management to the state or county management，Transform Yicang Grain from the form of persuasion to taxes for taxes，That is the household but only 1 stone、Zhonghu is not 7 buckets、Lower households but 4 buckets。Based on the northwest pilot，The central government of the Sui Dynasty gradually promoted it in other regions。This is here，Yikang, a civil spontaneous mutual assistance and mutual benefit, self -rescue Bet365 app download organization, transferred to local counties and counties，Management is also official rather than folk，Yicang becomes the official warehouse that can be dominated by the country。In this case，The food stored in the warehouse is no longer "persuasion" by the residents of the social residents，Instead of taxes changed to third -class quota，It has a certain amount of compulsory。

Although the functions of Yicang religiously, the functions of social disasters have not changed，But the flexibility of the original self -rescue、Timely、Accurate、Reliable features are inferior to。Relevant officials are often corrupted from them、饱 饱。Even if it is used for disaster relief，The food used is also unavoidable to be moldy and deteriorated。"If people have drought apologies and less grains，Give the hybrids and long years "。This has been far from the original intention of self -rescue of "water prevention and drought"。

　　Basic functions have not changed

Establishment of Yicang in the Sui Dynasty，It is a milestone in the history of natural disasters in the traditional society in my country。Yicang enriched the content of my country's warehouse system，Make the government's warehouse and the folk warehouse complement，It shows that the level of disaster relief has increased to a certain extent。At the same time，It also shows that the country has further awareness of the importance of the living order and production order of direct producers。The establishment process of Yicang in the Sui Dynasty fully explained，The folk has the inexhaustible creativity。The innovation of Yicang in the Sui Dynasty lies in，institutionalized this kind of folk self -help form，Become the country's advocated and protected Cangka system。Especially important thing is，This makes our country's warehouse system more mature，Government's warehouse 廪 and folk warehouse，Added each other。

Settings of Yicang，It is an effective emergency measure to carry out self -rescue。After years of operation，There are no confession in Yicang in all places in the Sui Dynasty。This should be arid for the fragile self -cultivated farmers' economy and individual handicraft production at that time、Locustrs、waterlogging、Earthquake、Plague and bet365 Play online games social turmoil，It played an inestimable role。Expansion of the Sui Dynasty territory，East、Southern to the sea，West to the end，North to Wuyuan。Five years of great cause (609)，National Household 8907536，Population of 46019956。until more than a hundred years later, Tang Xuanzong opened the Yuan Tianbao period，Only reached such hukou data。The Sui Dynasty reached a heyday in our history，The academic community collectively refers to the "Sui and Tang dynasties".。The Song Dynasty Renma Ma Duanlin said: "The rich of the ancient and modern national plan is like Sui"，This is relatively willing，Among them, the popularity of Yicang is one of the reasons that cannot be ignored。

The impact of Yicang founded by the Sui Dynasty on future generations is also far -reaching。Li Tang replaced the year of the Sui Dynasty，That is to set up a righteous warehouse in the front system，Although there are many turning discounts in the meantime，But has been developing in the direction of gradually institutionalization。Tang Taizong Zongguan (628) Regulations，Anyone who cultivates land is 2 liters per acre of grain as Yicang grain，Storage of the county，The need for disaster relief in the year of waste。This adds a new content to the "Governance of Zhenguan"。Until the late Zong Guangde period of the Tang Dynasty，Yicang has been generally established all over the country，and Taicang、Morning Card、Transit Warehouse、Changping position、Military Warehouse jointly forms a strict layout structure。The righteous warehouse system in the Northern Song Dynasty is more complete，Become a local condition、An important storage of local preparation of local waste relief。Zhu Xi, the Southern Song Dynasty, often cannot play the role of rescue and relief in the Southern Song Dynasty.，Social warehouses managed by the "Gentleman of the Township" in the countryside，and be implemented in some areas。

This situation is Ming、Qing and even the Republic of China still exist。For example，The Qing Dynasty stipulated that there was a social position in the countryside、Town set up righteous warehouse，In fact, there is no substantial difference in the two，Yicang or social warehouses have become the main self -rescue measures for the people to deal with natural bet365 live casino games disasters。The large -scale warehouse that the government is completely controlled by the government is mainly concentrated near the metropolis，Its function is to solve military food、Urban nobles and officials needs。Yicang or social warehouse forms a strong contrast with it。

Founded in the Sui Dynasty Yicang，I experienced a large change process at that time，The change in offspring is even more obvious。but，It should deal with natural disasters、The basic function of folk self -rescue and mutual assistance has not changed much。Therefore，Yicang's positive role in stabilizing the normal production and life order of residents is beyond doubt。

　(This article is the "Research on Economic History of the Sui Dynasty" (13AZS008) in the National Social Science Foundation key project)

(The author is the leader of the senior discipline of the "Discipline" of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)