Personal bet365 bonus code louisiana is an endlessly debated topic in the history of Western philosophy，In Swinburne’s words，The core task is to explore the connotation or evidence of "person P2 at time T2 and person P1 at time T1 earlier" are the same person。In other words，That is, in what sense an individual can be identified and re-identified as the same person by himself or others。This motif is not uncommon in traditional literature，The original bet365 bonus code louisiana of the anonymous protagonist is discovered、Admit and reveal，This does not seem to pose much of a problem。But for many philosophers，Due to the variability and reducibility of human body and psychology，To find a certain and unchanging foundation in the human being，Determine the essence of human beings，It is quite a difficult problem。

　　Personal bet365 bonus code louisiana Crisis

On the one hand，bet365 bonus code louisiana in the strict sense means that things are exactly the same in quantity and quality，But as Hume said，The body and soul have no ability to remain the same forever，So how to identify the same things in this "ship of Theseus" style change？On the other hand，According to the mainstream reductionist view，The self is not an independent entity，It can be reduced to the brain、Things such as memory or perceptual processes。In this way，"What is self、Where” question，This is even more doubtful among some philosophers。What’s more, physical and psychological standards are often not compatible，This adds to the complexity of the problem。This creates a swing between affirmation and denial、Body and Mind、Multiple theoretical paradigms between binary oppositions such as internal and external。

Generally speaking，Western personal bet365 bonus code louisiana theory has gone through three stages。One，From Plato to Locke，The mainstream view of this period tends to believe that the self is some kind of pure and eternal non-material entity，Personal bet365 bonus code louisiana in this sense is the soul、bet365 bonus code louisiana of cogito or consciousness。Part 2，From Locke to the 1960s，Philosophers of this period rarely understood the self as some kind of objectified, purely persistent entity，But mental and physical elements are related to each other、The ever-changing (unification) process，Personal bet365 bonus code louisiana is therefore understood as comprehensive bet365 bonus code louisiana，Like Hume、The views of Kant and others。Third，After the 1960s，The transformation and crisis of personal bet365 bonus code louisiana theory in this period，On the one hand，The internal standard of personal bet365 bonus code louisiana begins to turn into an external standard，That is, it is believed that people are identified and constructed as the same person through others rather than themselves；On the other hand，The question itself is questioned，For example, Parfit believes that insisting on personal bet365 bonus code louisiana will not bring us any enlightenment。

　　The self and sameness of personal bet365 bonus code louisiana

In the opinion of French hermeneuticist Paul Ricoeur，This kind of crisis has actually been rooted in traditional theory。He pointed out in his Gifford Lectures and subsequent writings in the mid-to-late 1980s，The confusion encountered by the personal bet365 bonus code louisiana theory is actually due to the failure to correctly distinguish the two bet365 bonus code louisiana concepts of "sameness" and "self-ness"。On this basis，He systematically criticized the theories of Locke and others，And creatively solve the bet365 bonus code louisiana problem using narratology，Leaves valuable resources for contemporary philosophy and cultural discussions。

　“l’identité” means both “bet365 bonus code louisiana” and “bet365 bonus code louisiana” in French，Ricoeur distinguishes it，“Sameness” (la mêmeté) refers to the bet365 bonus code louisiana of subjects in objective or identifiable characteristics，The term “selfness” (l’ipséité) refers to the subject’s bet365 bonus code louisiana in its own bet365 bonus code louisiana。This distinction is crucial。On the one hand，Ricoeur summarizes bet365 bonus code louisiana as bet365 bonus code louisiana of numbers、Qualitative bet365 bonus code louisiana and uninterrupted continuity；So，A tree or an animal can count、Recognized and re-identified as the same thing within a property or time span。On the other hand，The time span actually means some kind of subtle change - the trees grow、Animals grow old，Although it does not destroy bet365 bonus code louisiana，But always threatening it。Therefore，It is necessary to propose a "constancy principle in time"，To handle differences in change more strictly。Ricoeur believes that the hypothesis of "The Ship of Theseus" actually implies a "constant structure"，It is not an entity but an bet365 bonus code louisiana in a relational sense。

Then，Do people also have this kind of non-entity bet365 bonus code louisiana？Ricoeur saw the answer in "self-ness"。In other words，bet365 bonus code louisiana except physical characteristics，People actually still have bet365 bonus code louisiana bet365 bonus code louisiana。He uses two symbolic terms - "character" and "commitment"，expresses this constancy。Among them，Character refers to a person’s temperament、Personal unique signs such as habits or existing images，It is closer to the sameness mentioned above，But by adding character content，More fully reveal the identifiable characteristics of “what” the subject is；And "commitment" means a person's loyalty and persistence to oneself - such as being loyal to a promise、Keep friendship，This constant bet365 bonus code louisiana of “who I am”，Constitutes a profound rejection of time: "I will remain the same"。

Actually，Previous philosophers were not unaware of the complexity of personal bet365 bonus code louisiana，But many philosophers do fail to strictly distinguish between "sameness" and "self-nature": they may deny sameness with self-nature，For example, Locke uses memory as the main criterion of bet365 bonus code louisiana，Ignore physical characteristics；Or deny self-bet365 bonus code louisiana with sameness，For example, Hume believed that there is only one mode of bet365 bonus code louisiana，The concept of self is an illusion；Parfit ignores this distinction，He then proposes that the bet365 bonus code louisiana problem cannot be solved and thus denies its importance - although he believes that abolishing the problem can help reshape moral life，But Ricoeur believes that this goal cannot be achieved by bypassing "self"。

In comparison，Ricoeur’s contribution lies in，He replaced the traditional mind-body dualism and the discussion of sameness and difference with the two non-opposed bet365 bonus code louisiana issues of "what am I" and "who am I"?，In this way personal bet365 bonus code louisiana is confirmed in a more positive way。However，This ontological discussion with residual dualism，It is not enough to constitute the bet365 bonus code louisiana of the subject in time。For this，Ricoeur introduced narrative theory，To reveal a dynamic、A more practical and ethical theory of personal bet365 bonus code louisiana。

Narrative bet365 bonus code louisiana and personal bet365 bonus code louisiana

In the debate between subject theory and anti-subject theory in the 20th century，Rico chooses a middle path，That is, not from an ontological perspective but from a hermeneutical perspective to reveal how the subject passes symbols、Indirect ways of symbolism and textual interpretation to understand oneself。And "narrative" is a way for the subject to understand himself，He pointed out in "Narrative bet365 bonus code louisiana"，Self-knowledge is an explanation，Self-explanation is obtained first in narrative mediation。Then，Why does narrative have this ability？

A very intuitive impression is，Human life becomes more understandable through storytelling，The life story itself becomes more understandable in the episodic narrative mode。The reason behind this impression is narrative’s ability to “identify”。This bet365 bonus code louisiana is first understood at the level of "emplotment"。Ricoeur pointed out in "Time and Narrative" and other works，The plot actually contains the dialectical relationship between "harmony" and "disharmony"。The so-called harmony means that the arrangement of events follows certain order principles，If the story should be coherent、With appropriate length、Logical and expected, etc.；Disharmony refers to the "sudden change" of fate，Such as frightening events or sufferings, etc.，They threaten the coherence of the story。But the conflict between the two is not absolute，Epilotization turns it into "discordant concordance"，It first means that the event "appears unexpectedly but causally"。In this way, the contingency of events is incorporated into the inevitable or probable effect of narrative activities，It reconciles bet365 bonus code louisiana and diversity，This is exactly the initial connotation of narrative bet365 bonus code louisiana。Secondly，means character bet365 bonus code louisiana。Characters are people who take action in the narrative。In a sense，The characters themselves are the plot，Because the plot is always driven by people、Execute and express people。Overall，Although contemporary narrative theory focuses on exploring issues of narrative structure，But it does not combine characters and plot like the 19th century novel theory、Background and other issues are resolved as a matter of course，But emphasize their mutual integration。James expresses this relationship with two rhetorical questions: "Aren't characters the product of events？Events are not just displays of characters？”It is in this interweaving and even belonging relationship，Ricoeur saw the dimension of narrative related to human action and ethics。He pointed out，Narrative is about the agent and the recipient，And they are "evaluated" and "rewarded" based on their actions。Such action-related motivations、Intentions or results can be attributed to characters，The characters gain dynamic status in the narrative as action and ethical subjects、A deeper bet365 bonus code louisiana。

Narrative is essentially a plotting process unfolding in time，It gives a comprehensibility to heterogeneous things，The effect of achieving the so-called "harmony of disharmony" or "heterogeneous synthesis"。Because of this，Ricoeur included it between the poles of sameness and selfhood，Let it bridge the conflicts and ruptures involved in the issue of bet365 bonus code louisiana。With its intervention，The subject’s identifiable characteristics and self-bet365 bonus code louisiana shape each other，Construct a complete and identical person，And this is the basic premise and way of existence in the world。It is in this sense，Ricoeur objected to Parfit’s denial of the bet365 bonus code louisiana issue through technological fictions (such as copying the brain and teleporting it)，Because in his opinion this actually violates human integrity。

With biotechnology、The development of cyborg technology, etc.，What is a person、The issue of whether people have the same bet365 bonus code louisiana has become a real cultural anxiety and symptom。But if this kind of discussion only stays at the ontological level，So many problems are difficult to solve。Opposite，As in the case of teleportation，Ricoeur believes that there is still an insurmountable experience，The temporality of the transported traveler；If included in this dimension，It can be seen that starting from the distinction between "I" and "copy"，Our “stories” are what separate us，And they are irreplaceable。In this way, the original paradox hypothesis has been solved to a certain extent；What’s more important，The discussion shifted from "memory standards" to "survival" issues，Thinking about the living situation of people in the technological era。It can be seen from here，The turn of narratology makes the study of personal bet365 bonus code louisiana no longer stop at how to define people，But focus on how people interpret and understand themselves，This greatly expands the theoretical depth of this issue。

　　(bet365 bonus code louisiana article is a phased result of the project “Research on Subject Theory in Paul Ricoeur’s Hermeneutics” (20XHN113) funded by the Scientific Research Fund of Renmin University of China (funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities)

(Author’s affiliation: School of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of China)