While eliminating Buddha and Lao，Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties was also absorbing its ideas。As Chen Lai pointed out in "The Realm of Being and Nonbeing"，Since Confucianism cannot accept the view of nothingness from Buddhism and Taoism at the ontological level，Then in response to its challenge，In the realm、bet365 best casino games is necessary to incorporate bet365 best casino games in terms of time and other aspects。From this point of view，The development clues of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties can be summarized as the combination of existence and non-existence，That is, Confucianism absorbs bet365 best casino games based on its own position of emphasizing "being"、Integrating Buddhism and Taoism into a realm of free and uninterrupted existence，Taking You as the body、Use nothing for good。

Within the scope of Chinese philosophy，mentioning presence and absence，The first thing that comes to mind is Buddhism and Taoism rather than Confucianism。But Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties、There have been more collective discussions，bet365 best casino games is an undisputed fact。In summary，The thought of existence and non-existence in Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties is mainly reflected in three levels: ontology level、Realm level、Technology level。

　　Ontological bet365 best casino games

Confucianism’s collective discourse on existence and non-being during the Song and Ming dynasties，The reason，In response to the huge challenges brought by Buddhism and Taoism (mainly Buddhism)。Buddhism and Taoism advocate emptiness、None，This has a direct dispelling effect on the real world and human ethics values ​​affirmed by Confucianism。So，Confucianism has something to say but not，First of all, bet365 best casino games is to criticize the emptiness of Buddhism and Taoism at the ontological level。

Early Northern Song Dynasty，Zhang Hengqu was the most powerful in defeating the Buddha。In his opinion，Taoism advocates that everything comes from nothingness，The problem lies in the difference between body and function；Buddhism advocates that all dharmas are empty，The problem is that form and nature are not mutually exclusive，Making all things in the world fall into illusion。Zhang Hengqu thinks，The so-called nothingness does not mean nothing，bet365 best casino games means that all things are in the process of dissolution，Return to the original state of qi。“Knowing that Taixu is Qi，Nothing。”

In the late Ming Dynasty, Wang Chuanshan inherited Zhang Hengqu’s stance on Qiology，Also refutes the concept of ontology of nothingness from the perspective of Qi。The so-called "everything in space is Qi"，Gathering will reveal，If bet365 best casino games is obvious, people will say bet365 best casino games is there，Dispersed and hidden，Hidden things are called nothing”，The formation of things is manifested by the gathering of Qi，Its demise is the original hidden state of dispersing into Qi。bet365 best casino games’s just that human senses have limited ability to understand，Can’t recognize bet365 best casino games，Qi is not empty。

Different from Qi Science，Neo-Confucianism criticizes Buddhism and Taoism from the perspective of reason。Er Cheng thinks，The essence of the Taoist proposition of "being comes from nothingness" lies in empty energy and vitality。But "existence and absence are the same as movement and stillness"，Both are the operating characteristics of Heavenly Dao；and，They are available together，In no particular order。Therefore "there is nothing to say"，There are many words；Yan Wuwu，There are so many words without words。”As for the so-called emptiness in Buddhism，Er Cheng criticized: "Shi's words are to live in bad emptiness，I just don’t know。There is only success or failure，No residence empty。bet365 best casino games is as complete as the beginning of vegetation，bet365 best casino games will wither and perish at the end of life。”Chengdui bad empty clouds，bet365 best casino games’s just the evolution of yin and yang in the way of heaven。Yes or no、Yin and Yang both belong to the subphysical level of Qi，The metaphysical ontology is existence and non-existence, the reason why there is existence and non-existence、The reason why Yin and Yang are Yin and Yang，That is, their inner principles。

As the successor of Ercheng Neo-Confucianism，Zhu Xi thinks the same，Buddhism and Taoism build everything on the basis of nothingness: "Taoism says half of bet365 best casino games"，Half nothing，The past is nothing，Now there is something in front of my eyes，That’s why bet365 best casino games’s called nothing。If Buddhism says nothing，Previous is also nothing，There is nothing now。”Zhu Xi adheres to Yi Chuan’s attitude of “just leave the traces and break them”，Think that as long as you advocate rebirth in reality，bet365 best casino games is to destroy the principles of human ethics，Not advisable。From the basic standpoint of Neo-Confucianism，The principle is based on heaven，Innate goodness，Its real existence，Eternal and present，Unbreakable。This is the true nature of the universe and all things in bet365 best casino games，Zhu Xi also used Zhou Lianxi’s proposition of “Wuji and Tai Chi” to explain: “Wu Ji and Tai Chi” expresses an invisible but rational meaning。But both are indispensable，"Speechless"，Then Tai Chi is the same thing，Not enough to be the root of all changes；Buyyan Tai Chi，Then Wuji falls into emptiness，bet365 best casino games cannot be the root of all things”。

Although Lu Xiangshan, the founder of the Southern Song Dynasty’s psychology, had a major dispute with Zhu Xi on the issue of “Wuji and Taiji”，But he is also against Buddha、The ontological view of Tao。Xiang Shan pointed out from the perspective of the creation of the universe，All things in heaven and earth are generated and transported by the entities of heaven，Therefore bet365 best casino games cannot be said that its origin is nothing。The key to proving this is，Everyone is endowed with the original heart given by heaven when he is born - "This person has never worn out his heart through the ages"。The principle of the original mind is Tai Chi，That is, the extreme rules for people to behave: "The husband is too extreme，bet365 best casino games is true”；“This principle is inherent in the universe，How can we say nothing？”Therefore，Buddhism and Taoism are based on nothingness，Incorrect learning，The key lies in ignorance。From the point of view of the original mind and reason，Xin Xue’s criticism of the ontology of Buddhism and Taoism，The core is still based on the heart。

　　Realm bet365 best casino games

While eliminating Buddha and Lao，Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties was also absorbing its ideas。As Chen Lai pointed out in "The Realm of Being and Nonbeing"，Since Confucianism cannot accept the view of nothingness from Buddhism and Taoism at the ontological level，Then in response to its challenge，In the realm、bet365 best casino games is necessary to incorporate bet365 best casino games in terms of time and other aspects。From this point of view，The development clues of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties can be summarized as the combination of existence and non-existence，That is, Confucianism absorbs bet365 best casino games based on its own position of emphasizing "being"、Integrating Buddhism and Taoism into a realm of free and uninterrupted existence，Taking You as the body、Use nothing for good。

Whether bet365 best casino games is the image of chanting the wind and making the moon reflected in Lian Xi’s study of Kung Fu，bet365 best casino games is still the realm of Kong Yan’s happiness that Mingdao pursues，Or Chen Baisha’s promotion of Zeng Dian’s ambition，All reflect the efforts of Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties to achieve a state of freedom and unstagnation in the process of practicing morality。This kind of effort continued to deepen with the development of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties，But bet365 best casino games was not until Wang Yangming that a more perfect integration was achieved。Wang Yangming used four sentences to summarize his purpose in his later years，bet365 best casino games means "no good and no evil is the body of the heart，Good and evil are the result of intention，Knowing good and knowing evil is conscience，Doing good and eliminating evil is to check things”。The key to the four-sentence teaching lies in the first sentence，Wang Longxi, a disciple of Yangming、Qian Xushan’s understanding of this is very different。Long Xi thinks，The four-sentence teaching is not the ultimate theory，Because if you realize that the mind is neither good nor evil，So I mean、know、Everything is neither good nor evil，From this, he developed the theory of the Four Nothings。Oshan thinks，The reason why the mind and body are neither good nor evil，Because bet365 best casino games is the nature of destiny，Pure perfection，Therefore bet365 best casino games cannot be good in the empirical sense、Bad words。Follow this，meaning、know、Things must be understood in a meaningful sense。According to the Hengding in Yangming's "Tianquan Enlightenment"，Although the mind and body contain the highest value of goodness，The natural state of its existence is clear and unstagnate，So bet365 best casino games is said that there is no good or evil。Therefore，The Four Sentences actually covers Longxi、Osuyama’s two views。Long Xi’s understanding is for those with superior roots，Xu Shan’s understanding is aimed at people with middle and lower roots。A person with superior roots can go straight in，You can grasp its bright and clear characteristics from its ontology。People of average and low level cannot understand this，Can only do countermeasures at the level of good and evil。But doing good and eliminating evil is also to eliminate acquired worries、The shielding of conscience by habit，To return to the true state of the heart, which is neither good nor evil。bet365 best casino games can be seen from this，The core of the Four Sentences is to grasp the unified relationship between existence and non-being。

Yangming’s academic interest，This can be confirmed by his theory bet365 best casino games unity bet365 best casino games three religions in his later years。He compared three halls，Think Confucianism、Interpretation、What the three schools of Taoism talk about are all Confucianism，Only because later generations of Confucians could not understand the full meaning bet365 best casino games Great Way，Only two families were ceded。But in essence，"The use of two clans，They are all for my use: that is, I have devoted my life to my destiny to fully nourish this body, which is called an immortal；That is, I am called the Buddha by fulfilling my destiny to the point where I will not be stained by the suffering bet365 best casino games world.”。Therefore，The state of freedom without stagnation is something that Confucianism can achieve。

　　Technology bet365 best casino games

In order to achieve a free and unstagnate state of existence，Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties also had corresponding opinions on moral practice，Inaction、Wuxin、Ruthless、No time to wait。As early as the early Northern Song Dynasty，Lian Xi put forward this view in "Tongshu"。He thinks on the one hand，Honesty is the foundation of virtue，On the other hand, bet365 best casino games was pointed out，“Unwholesome movement，Wanted；False recovery，There is nothing wrong with bet365 best casino games；无无，You are sincere”。In other words，The work of sincerity is not to act recklessly、Nothing to do。The connotation of Wuwu lies in inaction、Nothing，The so-called "no thinking，Benye”“Sincerity，Inaction" "Sincerity means nothing will happen"。

The question of whether or not there is a problem at the technical level involves a big public case，That is, the discussion between Hengqu and Mingdao on how to determine the quality。Hengqu thinks，The essence of characterization is to keep the human heart motionless，Ming Dao believes that，Inner peace does not depend on whether there is movement or not，"The so-called determined one，Movement also determines，Stand still，Nothing to come，No inside or outside”。When explaining this situation in detail，Ming Tao says: "The rules of heaven and earth are the same，With his mind, he encompasses all things without any mind；The normal behavior of a saint，Because of its affection and all things, bet365 best casino games is ruthless。”In other words，Freedom of ethical practice、Things that adapt to the realm come from the unintentional、Ruthlessly，Forget both inside and outside，Rather than deliberately catering to requests。“If you forget two things, you will be clear and everything will be fine。If nothing happens, bet365 best casino games will be settled，The rules are clear，If bet365 best casino games is clear, why should bet365 best casino games be so tiring?？”无心、Ruthless、Nothing，Then the heart will be naturally stable，Moral practice will come naturally，Just like Yichuan said，“Heaven and earth are transformed without intention，The saint has intention but does nothing”，This has nothing to do with whether the state of the human heart is moving or still。

In the Department of Mind Studies，Xiangshan also uses Wu to explain Yi Jian Kung Fu，Although he taught people only to discover their true nature。According to records: "Fu Ziyuan asked for advice，Begging for simplicity。Answer: ‘Back’，Don’t get bet365 best casino games，Xing Qi Ting，Missing him。’”Fu Ziyuan is Xiangshan’s most valued disciple，He asked for the essence of Xinxue Gongfu，Xiangshan answered with the hexagram "Gen"。Why so？Xiangshan explained: "'Gen Qibei，Don’t get bet365 best casino games’，No self；'Acting in the court，No one in sight’，Nothing。"Do not stay within my selfishness and be selfless，There is nothing outside if bet365 best casino games is not burdened with things，No self、If there is nothing, everything comes from the heart。Here，The purpose of mind science is essentially revealed through nothingness。Yang Cihu, another famous disciple of Xiangshan, constantly uses subtle points to show his mind-based Kung Fu，That’s why。

As mentioned above，Wang Yangming said in his later years that there is no good or evil in the body of the heart，Mainly emphasizing the non-stagnation of conscience and mind itself，Guide the direction for the ideal state of moral practice。In "Yantan Questions and Answers" after "Tianquan Enlightenment"，He gave a clearer explanation: "Everything that is intentional is real，bet365 best casino games’s all illusion without intention；No intention is true，Every intention is an illusion。"Long Xi understood immediately after hearing this，The first half of the sentence talks about Kung Fu in essence，The second half of the sentence talks about the essence in terms of time。The so-called essence of Kung Fu，bet365 best casino games refers to the value of good that all good minds have in mind，Otherwise bet365 best casino games would be unreal；In terms of technology, the ontology refers to，Kung fu must be done unintentionally with the emergence of conscience and mind to achieve the truth，Otherwise bet365 best casino games would be deliberate、Pretended。This means，In ethical practice，Wuxin、Non-attachment Kung Fu is the only way to the realm of freedom and stagnation。Long Xi later continued to emphasize “real effort in no effort”、Shengxue Gongfu was just "creating something out of nothing"，This is also the reason。However，After all, there have been various abuses in the spread of Yangming Studies，This reflects the tension contained in the mind system of whether or not there is thought。

　　(Author’s unit: School of Marxism and Philosophy and Chinese bet365 best casino games Research Center, Ningbo University)