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Within the scope of Chinese philosophy，Mentioned that there are no or not，The first thing that reminds of people is the two Buddhist Taoism instead of Confucianism。But Song Ming Confucianism is right、No discussion to collectively increase it，is the fact that there is no controversy。In summary，Whether or not thoughts in Song and Ming Confucianism are mainly reflected in the three levels: the body level、level level、Gong level。

　　The body level

The Confucian Confucianism of the Song Ming and the collective saying of no collective words，The reason for it，It is to respond to the huge challenge brought by the Buddhist science (mainly Buddhism)。Two Buddhist Taoism advocates emptiness in the body、No，This has a direct solution to the affirmation of Confucian affirmation and the value of humanity。So，Confucianism says nothing，The first is to criticize the emptiness of Buddhism at the level of the body。

In the early Northern Song Dynasty，Zhang Hengqu has the most old Buddha for the Buddha。In his opinion，​​Taoist claims to be born in nothing，The problem lies in the best use;，The problem lies in the different shapes，Makes all things in heaven and earth into illusions。Zhang Hengqu thinks，The so -called empty is not nothing，It means that everything is in the process of dissolution，The original state is too virtual。"Knowing too much，。”

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shiphan inherited Zhang Hengqu's gas stance，Also criticized from the perspective of qi。The so -called "Every void is qi，Ju Zexian，Show people say it is，San is hidden，Hidden Zee people say nothing "，The formation of things is gathered and showed，Its disappearance is a state of faint state bet365 live casino games of qi。It's just a person's sense of sensory understanding，Can't understand，Qi is not empty。

Different from gas，In the perspective of rationality, science criticizes the study of Buddhism and Taoism。Two -journey thinks，Taoist's "Born to None" claim is essentially angry and angry。But "Is there the same as dynamic and static"，The operating characteristics of Tiandao; and，They are together，There is no order of order。Therefore, "There is nothing，There are many words;，There are more words。"As for the so -called emptiness of the Buddhist house，Erganic criticism: "Shi Shi said to live in bad empty，I don’t know。Only to make it bad，No space。And like a newborn of the grass and trees，Born if you are giving up。"" Living in a bad empty cloud cloud，It is just the evolution of the yin and yang of heaven。Is there any、The bottom level of yin and yang is all，The metaphysical body is or not、The reason why Yin and Yang is yin and yang，that is, their inner reason。

After the two -way science, after the two -way science，Zhu Zi also thinks，The two Buddhist Taoism built everything on the basis of nothing: "Taoist says half -cut，Half -long，Nothing before，Now there are now there are，Therefore, no。If the Buddhist says that there is no，No before，Now there is no now。"Zhu Zi adhering to the attitude of Ichuan's" only disappears, "，Think that as long as you advocate birth in reality，is the theory of destroying the humanity，It is not advisable。From the basic position of Confucianism，Trust is in heaven，Of course good，Its real existence，Elderly to present，Plustering does not break。The Temple of Truth of all things in this biochemical universe，Zhu Zi also explained with the help of Zhou Yixi's "Wuji and Tai Chi" proposition: "No Extreme and Tai Chi" expressed intangible and reasonable meaning。But the two are missing one，"Don't say nothing，then Tai Chi is the same as one object，bet365 live casino games instead of being the root of the world;，Then Wuji is reduced to emptiness，cannot be the root of the world "。

The Southern Song Heart Student Creator Lu Xiangshan has a major debate with Zhu Zi on the issue of "Wuji and Tai Chi"，But also opposed the Buddha、Tao's view of the road。Xiangshan pointed out from the perspective of the universe，All things in the heavens and earth are produced by the heavenly entity，Therefore, it cannot be said that its root is no。The key to prove this is，Everyone has suffered the original heart given by heaven when it is generated- "Sri Lanka does not grind the heart"。The reason that the heart has is Tai Chi，It is the pole of people's acting: "Fu Taiji，Really reasonable ";" This is the inherent of the universe，Can you say nothing? "therefore，The learning of Buddhism is empty，Not right to learn，The key lies in unknown seeing。From the perspective of the mind of the original heart，Criticism of Buddhism and Taoism of Mind，The core is still based on the heart。

　　level level

While the Buddha is old，Song Ming Confucianism is also absorbing its thoughts。Just as Chen Lai pointed out in "Is there"，Since Confucianism cannot accept the emptiness of the two Buddhism at the body level，So in order to respond to its challenge，In the realm、Gongfu and other levels to fade it in it and it seems necessary。From this，The development clues of the Song Ming science can be summarized as there is nothing，That is, Confucianism is absorbed based on its own "having" position、Two free and stagnant survival realm of Buddhist Tao，Used with nothing to do、Used with nothing to do。

Whether it is the Yinfeng Meteorology reflected by Lixi for the scholars，It is still the realm of Confucius Fan's pursuit，Or Chen Baisha's advocacy of Zeng Zhizhi，All reflect the efforts of Song Ming Confucianism in the process of practicing morality。This effort continues to deepen with the development of Song Ming science，But it did not reach the perfect bet365 live casino games fusion until Wang Yangming。Wang Yangming used four sentences in his later years to summarize his teachings，It is "the body of no good or evil is the body of the heart，There is a motivation for good and evil，Knowing good and evil is conscience，To go evil and evil is a grid "。The key to the four sentences is the first sentence，Disciple Wang Longxi、Qian Xushan has a great understanding of this。Longxi thinks，Four sentences are not what the saying is，Because if you realize your heart, there is no good, no evil，So meaning、Knowing、Things are all good and evil，From this he played four non -talk。Xushan thinks，The reason why the mind and body have no good or evil，It is the nature of destiny，Pure perfection，Therefore, you can't experience good in the sense of experience、Evil words。Come here，Italia、Knowing、Things must be understood in some sense。According to Yangming's "Tianquan Tao"，Although the mind and body contains the best value，It exists in a natural state but is bright and stagnant，Therefore, there is no good, no good。So，Four Sentence Turbs include Longxi、Xue Shan's views。The understanding of Longxi is posted on the root of the root，The understanding of Xushan is aimed at the middle and lower roots。The person who takes the root is super straight into，You can grasp the characteristics of bright and stagnation from the body。People from the middle and lower roots cannot realize this，can only be done at the level of good and evil。But for good and evil, it is also for the sake of going to the future.、Xi Ran's cover of conscience，Without good and evil realm of the body of returning to the heart。This can be seen，The core of the four sentences is to grasp the unified relationship with none。

Yangming's academic purpose，It can be confirmed in the three religions and one theory of his later years。He compares three rooms in the hall，I think Confucian、Interpretation、bet365 Play online games Dao three discussions are originally Confucian，Because the Confucianists in the later generations cannot understand the entire Avenue，Only cut out two。But substantially，"Erli uses，All of my use: that is, I will do my best to the immortal of this body;。So，The state of freedom and stagnation is originally the Confucian can be achieved。

　　Gong level

In order to achieve a state of freedom and stagnation，Song Ming Confucianism also has corresponding propositions in moral practice，That is not to do nothing、Unintentional、Ruthless、Waiting for me。As early as the early days of the Northern Song Dynasty，Lianxi put forward this view in "Book"。On the one hand, he thinks，Sincerity is the foundation of Chengde，On the other hand, it is pointed out，"Dynamics of bad，Delivery; Disglement，There is no delusion; no delusion，Zhe sincerity "。In other words，Sincere work is no delusion、No delusional。The connotation of no delusion lies in inaction、Nothing，The so -called "No Thinking，Ben is also "" sincerity，Do not do "" sincerity is nothing to do "。

Is there any problem at the work level involved a major public case，That is, the discussion of how to develop the Hengqu and Mingdao。Hengqu, think，The essence of qualitative is to keep people's hearts motionless，Ming Dao believes，The stability of the heart is not moving or not，"The so -called determined，Movement is also fixed，Jing Yi Ding，None of the Young，No internal and external "。When explaining the specific settlement，Ming Dao said: "The constant of the husband and the earth，With their hearts, unintentional;，It is ruthless with its affection。"" In other words，Freedom of moral practice without stagnation、Things to conform to the realm and get self -heart、Ruthless and，Two forgetfuls inside and outside，instead of deliberately seeking。"Two forgetfulness is clear and nothing is wrong。If you have nothing bet365 Play online games to do，Regulations，What is the tiring of things? "Unintentional、Ruthless、Nothing，Then the inner natural chastity，Moral practice is naturally naturally made，As Ikawa said，"The heavens and the earth have no intention to become，The sage has the heart but does not do nothing "，This is the state of human heart or quietness, no necessary relationship。

Heart Study in a Series，Xiangshan also interprets Yijian Gongfu，Although he teaches people in his life, he only invented one item。According to it: "Fu Ziyuan, ask，Beggar province。Answer: ‘Back，Do not get its body，Walking in court，No one see it。'"Fu Ziyuan is the most important disciple of Xiangshan，He ask the essence of the heart of the mind，Xiangshan answered with "Gen" hexagram。Why do this? Xiangshan explained: "‘ Gen ’s back，Do not get its body '，No self; ‘Xing Court，No one see it '，Nothing。"" Inside me not stagnant in my private，Not tired outside things is nothing，No me、Nothing, everything is from the heart。Here，The purpose of the work of mind learning is revealed by the essential nature。Another famous disciple of Xiangshan Yang Cihu constantly showing his mind with no intention，The reason lies in this。

As mentioned earlier，Wang Yangming said in his later years with no good and evil body，It mainly emphasizes the unparalleledness of the conscience mind and body itself，Guide direction for the ideal state of moral practice。In the "Yan Beach Questions and Answers" after "Tianquan Tao"，He made a clearer explanation on this: "There is a real thing that is true，Unintentional is fantasy;，Within the heart is fantasy。"Longxi will understand it after hearing it，Unintentional is fantasy;，The last half of the sentence is from the work of the body。The so -called speaking from the body，refers to the value of the goodness of the conscience and the mind of the conscience，Otherwise, it will be Bet365 lotto review illusory; in terms of time, the ontology refers to，Gongfu must be inadvertent with the presentation of the conscience and mind，In moral practice、Creation。This means，In moral practice，Unintentional、No Corporation is the only way to lead to the state of freedom and no stagnation。Longxi continued to emphasize "no time in time"、Saint -scholarship was just "out of nothing"，The reason is also here。But，Yang Mingxue has appeared in the process of spreading in this way，This reflects the tension contained in the inside of the mind system。

　　(Author Unit: Ningbo University Marxist Academy and Philosophy and Sinology Research Center)