Mencius’ concept of benevolent government can be said to be a typical representative of Confucian political philosophy and political ethics，But how to implement it，But it is a very real problem。As the saying goes: "A good man has three gangs"，Even a benevolent king needs to be assisted by wise ministers，Otherwise, no matter how good the political concepts and policies are, it will be difficult to implement them。Confucianism has always advocated the selection and appointment of talents as the key to government，As recorded in "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu" when Zhong Gong asked Confucius about the way to govern，Confucius replied: "First there is Si，Forgiveness for minor offenses，Promote talented people。""Mencius·Jinxin Chapter 2" also pointed out: "Do not believe in benevolence and virtue，The country will be empty。Ignorance，It will be chaotic up and down。No political affairs，Insufficient funds。"So the "Book of Rites·Liyun" regards "selecting talents and talents" as "the journey bet365 bonus code louisiana great road，One bet365 bonus code louisiana important manifestations or practical ways of "the world is for the public"。It is precisely because Confucianism attaches great importance to the role of worthy people in politics，Only in the book "Mencius" is Yi Yin、The deeds of Zhou Gong and other sages assisting the government are exaggerated and publicized，How to select and appoint talented people has naturally become an important part of Mencius’ practical view of benevolent government。

Dan Yiyin、Wise ministers such as Duke Zhou are not only rare，Also often appears when a dynasty is newly established，Facing the princes during the Warring States Period，Mencius mainly emphasized the "official ministers" and "close ministers" who have made meritorious deeds over the years。He said to King Qi Xuan: "The so-called motherland，It does not mean that there are trees，It is also called a minister bet365 bonus code louisiana world。" ("Mencius: Chapter 2 of King Hui of Liang") The so-called "motherland"，According to Zhao Qi’s explanation in Han Dynasty，So it’s old，The motherland refers to a country with a long history。"Shichen" was interpreted by Zhao Qi as "a minister who has cultivated virtue for many generations"，He "can always assist his king with the Dao"，It can be seen that "officials" do not just have to be officials for many generations，Being a close friend bet365 bonus code louisiana king，Amiable and trustworthy，What’s more important is to keep practicing morality，And rich experience in social management，Can truly assist the monarch in benevolent government，A model of a capable minister。However，At the residence of King Xuan of Qi，"The king has no relatives，What the past has advanced，I don’t know his death today”。This phenomenon is not unique to Qi，For the princes at that time，"World ministers" are no longer common，The flow of talents is becoming more common among vassal states。For example，Shang Yang, who was almost at the same time as Mencius, moved from Wei to Wei，Not used by King Hui of Liang，Also surrendered to Duke Mu of Qin，Finally helped Qin achieve its eternal hegemony；At the same time, Zou Yan also moved among the princes，Highly valued by various countries；Wait。This shows that the official system bet365 bonus code louisiana vassal states at that time had begun to shift from the Shiqing Shilu system under the feudal patriarchal system to the salary system under the bureaucratic autocratic system。

Mencius "Explaining Zhongni's Meaning"，Passionately follow Confucius’ ambition of “I follow Zhou”。Although he is still traveling around the world，But Mencius’s frustration and Shang Yang at that time、The fate of Zou Yan and others is in sharp contrast，This is not unrelated to his idea of ​​trying his best to maintain the traditional world ministers and ministers system。Faced with the gradual disintegration bet365 bonus code louisiana Shiqing Shilu system at that time，And the official school moved down、The social reality of “the collapse of rituals and the collapse of music” as social classes become increasingly mobile，His ministers、The importance and emphasis given by relatives and ministers is actually a painstaking adherence to the traditional patriarchal etiquette，Fully reflects the conservatism of Mencius’ theory of benevolent government。But in the face bet365 bonus code louisiana development bet365 bonus code louisiana situation，Mencius often had to make some compromises，On the issue of meritocracy，He realized the unreality of relying entirely on "officials"，So he said: "The king bet365 bonus code louisiana country promotes talents，As a last resort，will make you humble and surpass your dignity，Sparse than relatives，Can be done accidentally？”In other words，"To humble oneself over one's dignity，The way to "advance talents" is to do it when you have "no choice"，“Don’t be careful with it？”So how to be cautious？Mencius then pointed out: "Both the left and the right are called virtuous，No way；All great officials are called wise，No way；Everyone in the country is called virtuous，Then check it；See the wise man，Then use it... like this，Then you can be a parent。” (“Mencius: Chapter 2 of King Hui of Liang”) The monarch should combine his own observations and judgments based on extensive solicitation of opinions from the people bet365 bonus code louisiana country，In order to ensure that there is no problem with the talents selected from the common people，Because it is up to them to "assist their king with the Dao"，The implementation of Sasuke’s benevolent policy，Can I not be cautious？

After selecting talents，We must truly respect and cherish the wise，Let people make the most of their talents。Mencius said to King Qi Xuan: "For a wealthy family，The engineers will be asked to ask for big wood。The engineer gets the big wood，Ze Wangxi，Thought he was qualified for his job。The craftsman cut it into small pieces，The king is angry，Feeling overwhelmed。Madame learns from a young age，Strong and eager to do it，王，‘Follow what my aunt has learned’，What if？There is a piece of jade here，Although ten thousand yi，It must be carved by a jade artist。As for governing the country，Ze said，‘Follow what my aunt has learned’，Why is it different from teaching jade people to carve jade？” (“Mencius: Chapter 2 of King Hui of Liang”) emphasized here，First, the importance and necessity bet365 bonus code louisiana king appointing talented people，Second, the monarch should fully respect and trust his capable ministers，Also known as "employing people without suspicion"。

Mencius paid special attention to "officials" and "close ministers" when selecting and employing talents，On the one hand, it is due to the strong maintenance bet365 bonus code louisiana traditional patriarchal bureaucracy of Shiqing Shilu and the patriarchal etiquette ethics that emphasize "no closeness" and "no humbleness over respect"，On the other hand, it is also based on the educational background bet365 bonus code louisiana children of aristocratic families、The value assumption that governance experience and loyalty to the king are more trustworthy than the worthy among the common people。But with the development bet365 bonus code louisiana times，The feudal etiquette system gradually collapsed，The royal official system begins to disintegrate，The trend of monarchical centralization and autocracy is becoming more and more obvious，The ability and opportunities of ordinary people to participate in social politics have been greatly improved，Facing this change, Mencius had to make some adjustments in his strategy of selecting and employing talents。Although this is a painful choice for Mencius，But in our view today，But it happens to be a reflection bet365 bonus code louisiana progress bet365 bonus code louisiana times。

　Comparatively speaking，Xunzi, who was more than a hundred years later than Mencius, was more enlightened than him in this regard。As in "Xunzi·Kingdom"，Xunzi pointed out，The way to govern is to "promote the worthy without waiting for others"，We can’t give up without waiting”，believes that establishing a reasonable talent selection and employment mechanism that can be promoted or demoted is the key to government。In the specific selection process，A monarch must be meritocratic: "You can't be a good person，Don’t hide from people who are far away” ("Xunzi: The Way of Kings")。When facing an old friend and personal relationship，The monarch can only "privately use gold, stone, pearls and jade"，It is not allowed to "privately use official career"，Because official positions are public weapons bet365 bonus code louisiana country，How can you bend the law for personal gain？In terms of talent selection system, only the starting point and process can be truly fair and just，Only then can the country have long-term peace and stability。Because Xunzi was in the late Warring States Period，At that time, the feudal patriarchal ritual system was even more seriously damaged，In addition, Xunzi himself has a stronger practical rationality in thought than Mencius，From our perspective today，When discussing how to select and utilize talents，Xunzi is naturally much more progressive than Mencius’s conservative attitude of still emphasizing “officials” and “close ministers”。However，Full respect and trust in selected talents in Mencius’ thought、A careful examination bet365 bonus code louisiana merits of talents and the certain simple democratic color they embody，is worthy of our reference。

　　(Author’s unit: Life Philosophy Research Center of Huaqiao University、School of Philosophy and bet365 bonus code louisiana Development)