At the beginning app bet365 download formation of Chinese civilization，The historian tradition plays an important foundational role。Before Confucius，The historian is the owner of culture、Inheriter of knowledge，Almost all classics are related to it。Big enough to make national decisions，As small as folk life，The influence of historian culture is everywhere。To the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，The functions of historians are gradually transferred to scholars，It is more or less reflected in the works of various scholars。What this article will discuss is the reflection app bet365 download tradition of historians in the silk book "Yi Zhuan"，Especially the two aspects related to "narrating the good years" and "approving the official's letter"。

A passage from Confucius is recorded in the "Yao" chapter app bet365 download Mawangdui silk book，Involving his attitude towards "The Book of Changes"，Has caused extensive discussion in the academic community，Qi Yun: "The Master said: "Yi" after me, he wished for divination，I observe its virtues and ears。You praise and reach countless people，Clear the numbers and reach the virtue，Also the ear of righteous conduct。Like but not enough，Then he is a witch。Counting does not lead to virtue，This is the history。Shi Wu Zhi Zhi，The countryside is gone，Which is better than what is better。”It can be seen from this passage，"The Book of Changes" contains three levels of content: "Youzan", "Mingshu" and "Dade"，The first two are "Youzan" and "Mingshu"，Old content belonging to the tradition of witch history；The latter is "Dade"，New content belonging to Confucius’ “observation of virtue and righteousness”。The tradition of witchcraft history is the old tradition of "Yi" study，The main content is to predict the good or bad fortune of personnel through divination；And "observation of virtue and righteousness" is a new tradition created by Confucius，Focus on the ideological purpose of "Dade"。Confucius abandoned the content about divination in the tradition of shamanism，Said: "Shi Wu Zhi Zhi"，The countryside is gone，It’s better than it is”，Thinks that Shi Wu does not understand the true content of Yi Xue，They only know how to perform simple operations。

Although Confucius abandoned the divination tradition of historians，But other contents inherited from the historian tradition。The Mawangdui Silk Book "Book of Changes" inherits the tradition of historians in two aspects: "narrating the official years" and "administering official books to praise governance"。The History of "Zhou Guan"，It is said that "the story is told every year"，Also known as "the official writes to praise the rule"。Historian in the early stages of its formation，Two major traditions have been formed: one is the astronomical calendar，To observe the weather；The second is to control national classics，Record political gains and losses。The former talks about the way of heaven，Involving spying on nature，Related to ancient astronomical laws and calendars；The latter speaks of humanity，Involving the moral and political aspect。Sima Qianyun "Studying the relationship between heaven and man，Through the changes of ancient and modern times"，It is a full summary app bet365 download two major functions of historians。

　“Narrative every year”，This is the most important responsibility app bet365 download historian，The primary task is to observe the natural year。The historian observes astronomy，Determine the four solar terms，The monarch follows the weather and manages affairs，Farming activities are also carried out accordingly。Since ancient times，Rulers of all ages have regarded mastering the celestial phenomena as a major political task。"Shangshu·Yao Dian" says: "The Qin is like the sky，Calendar Sun, Moon and Stars，Respect the time app bet365 download people”；"Historical Records·Tianguan Shu" records: "Since the birth app bet365 download people，The Lord app bet365 download World never calendars the sun, moon and stars？”Visible，The importance app bet365 download astronomical calendar controlled by historians in the political life app bet365 download time。

In the silk book "Er San Zi Wen"，Confucius interpreted the sixth line app bet365 download hexagram "Kun" as "Lu Shuang"，When the ice reaches ""，Mention of "天时 gradually"，He said: "This is the time of heaven(gradually)，Jie Bao (Bao) Chang Ye。The age begins in [Northeast]，□in the southwest。Wen Zuizi□，The cold begins in Germany，With the beginning of Tiandao，Must follow the five elements，Qi (his) grandson is noble but his clan is not the right one (collapse)"。here，"The sky is gradually changing"，From the interpretation app bet365 download sixth line app bet365 download hexagram "Kun" "Lu Shuang"，The ice is coming，It means when you step on the frost, you should know that the ice will soon arrive，The word "gradual" refers to the seasonal change from "lushuang" to "hard ice"。"Xiang" said "'Walking on frost and solid ice'，Yin begins to condense”，Intended to remind people to feel the seasonal changes caused by the changes of yin and yang。In the "Six Days and Seven Minutes" hexagram chart of "Ji Lan Tu"，Pair Xiaoxue with Kun hexagram，It is the month of Hai，It’s October。Winter has just arrived，It is Yin Shi Ning Ye。It said: "This is the time of heaven(gradually)，Jiebao (protect) always”，Emphasis on the monarch’s need to obey the heaven’s administration when app bet365 download changing，To protect the way of heaven forever。

In another document "Zhong"，Confucius explains "Lu Shuang"，Referring to the meaning of "years" when the ice arrives，He said: "Sun (Xun) Cong's stomach (called) also。The meaning of Sui begins app bet365 download Northeast，Made in Southwest。A gentleman will never be disobedient，Shun Er Bao。"About "The meaning of Sui begins in the Northeast，The saying "It was born in the southwest"，We can interpret it from two levels: time and space: from the time level，A year’s plan begins in winter，Made in summer；From a spatial perspective，A year’s plan begins in the Northeast，Made in Southwest。To this，How to understand？We can find the answer from the hexagram "Shuo"，It says: "Gen，The hexagram of Northeast China，The end of everything is the beginning of everything，So it is called Cheng Yan Hu Gen。" Mr. Lian Shaoming said: "Gen is the occasion of Chou Yin，Xia Zheng Jianyin，The weather is getting warmer，Cold Qi disappears。"Gen Gua is the Northeast Gua in the acquired Bagua direction，Between Kan Gua and Zhen Gua，Kan hexagram is the hexagram of winter，Zhen hexagram is the hexagram of spring，Winter is about to pass at the time of Gukan Gua，So it’s called “Final Success”，Spring has not yet begun，So it is called "the beginning"。It can be seen from this，Gen Gua is the end point app bet365 download four seasons cycle，Also the starting point app bet365 download next cycle，That’s why it says “it started in the Northeast”，That is, everything starts from Gen Gua。The hexagram in "Shuo" also says: "Kun"，地也，All things are nourished，So it’s called Zhishi Hukun。"Mr. Lian Shaoming said: "When the throne of Kun has not yet been claimed，The destiny is here，The heat has subsided，The cold is coming，Collect all things，100% ripe。”In the acquired Bagua direction，Kun is the hexagram of Southwest，Between Li Gua and Dui Gua，Between summer and autumn，Summer and autumn are the times when all things grow、Harvest time，So it is said that "all things are nourished"，Exactly the meaning of "formed in the southwest"。The Kun hexagram is opposite to the Gen hexagram，One day becomes the beginning，One day comes to an end，Going back and forth from beginning to end is the achievement of a year old。

The historian not only observes、Recording celestial phenomena，At the same time, it also records everything in the world，Records app bet365 download latter are mainly concentrated in the political canons app bet365 download former kings。The so-called "administering official letters to praise governance"，It means that the historian is in charge app bet365 download country’s constitution，Record "The Way of Success, Failure, Survival, Misfortune, Ancient and Modern"，Provide rulers with experience in governing the country。"General Meanings of Literature and History·Yuan Daozhong" says: "The Book of Changes is a book，So open things and make things happen，Master the fortune teller of "Chun Guan"，Then the official guard is included in the story。”Then，What "ways of success and failure, survival and misfortune in ancient and modern times" are recorded in the silk book "Yi Zhuan"？The political thoughts in the silk book "Yi Zhuan" are mainly concentrated in three documents: "Er San Zi Wen", "Miao He" and "Zhao Li"。

"The Questions of Er San Zi" is the first of six chapters in the silk book "Yi Zhuan"，The earliest time it was written，About the early and mid-Warring States Period，Thus embodying the distinctive characteristics of early Confucian political thought，Special emphasis on the morality app bet365 download ruler。It says: "The Book of Changes says: Resistance against dragons"(regret)。Confucius said: This statement is about being arrogant and arrogant。Those who are arrogant but not in danger，There is nothing yet。The sage’s standing upright (coming to the government) is also，Ruoxunmu，Yu Gao Yu is afraid，So app bet365 download’s called ‘Anti-Dragon’(Regret)’”。The "Two and Three Questions" formally puts forward the theme of "The Standing app bet365 download Saint"，"Stand at attention"，Pass "Come to the Government"，means to listen to the government before the court。High weight for offside，The more you have to respect those who are lower than yourself，This is the necessary principle app bet365 download sage’s government。Just like a dragon with divine power，At a high level，Still maintaining the virtue of "headlessness"。Not the leader，Consciously inferior，This is the way for a gentleman to maintain good fortune。In "The Questions of Two and Three Sons", be humble and prudent to the monarch、Emphasis on the quality of guarding against arrogance and impetuosity，It is closely related to the sense of worry emphasized by Yi Xue。"Misfortune and fortune come (mis)，Those who know (wise) know it，Therefore (strict) guest (ke/愙、Shock/Fear，Every day is a day of caution，(You - You) is in danger of being killed by the enemy，Xu Yu (Yu) but not□□□ye，So it’s called ‘regret’。"A humble person always has a sense of crisis，Only in order to be alert to the subtle opportunities that can transform misfortune and fortune，Inner dignity and solemnity，Be cautious and don’t dare to slack off and indulge in pleasure，Don’t dare to do evil。

The two chapters of "Miao He" and "Zhao Li" were written later among the six chapters of "Yi Zhuan" in silk script，About the late Warring States period，Therefore, the political thoughts in it show some characteristics app bet365 download late Warring States period。The chapter "Miao He" focuses on the special social reality during the Warring States Period，Also emphasizes the humility app bet365 download monarch，Believe that humility app bet365 download monarch can maintain the harmony app bet365 download relationship between monarch and ministers。"Miao He" chapter versus Shun、Yu Zhiqiande gave a detailed explanation，Think that the reason why Shun was able to conquer the world，It is precisely because app bet365 download virtue of humility。It said: "The Master said: 'If you can subordinate someone like this，Qi (Qi) Ji Ye，Not appropriate？Shun conquered the world，Dang this hexagram’。""This hexagram" refers to the "Qian" hexagram，Emphasis on the important role app bet365 download virtues app bet365 download "Qian" hexagram in the process app bet365 download monarch conquering the world。The "Zhao Li" chapter is through the mouth of Confucius，Combined with several hexagrams involved in "Zhouyi"，Explained the "righteousness app bet365 download minister" and the "righteousness app bet365 download king" respectively。Confucius proposed，As a doctor，We must assist the king with all our heart，Maintain harmony between monarch and ministers、Trust，In the process of managing the country, we must establish ideas such as "defending the country with morality"；As a king，Should lead by example、Know people well and assign them well，We should pay attention to the education of national policy concepts、Propaganda and other ideas。

　　(This article is the result app bet365 download 2019 Top-notch Innovative Talent Cultivation Funding Plan of Renmin University of China)

(Author’s unit: app bet365 download Renmin University of China)