At the beginning of the formation of Chinese civilization，Historically official tradition has an important foundation。Before Confucius，Historical officials are the owners of culture、Inheritor of Knowledge，Almost all the classics are related to it。Big to National Decision，Small to folk life，The influence of historical official culture is omnipresent。From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，The functions of the historian's control are gradually transferred to the scholars，There are more or less reflection in the works of the sons。What I want to discuss this article is the reflection of the historical official tradition in the book "Yi Chuan"，Especially the relevant content of "Narrowing" and "Candidate Government Books" and "Candidate"。

Ma Wangdui Book "The Ye" records a paragraph of Confucius' words，Involved his attitude towards Zhouyi，Once caused widespread discussion in the academic community，Its cloud: "Zi said:" Yi "me later，I watched its moral ears also。You Zan and reach the number，Mingshu and reaches virtue，Ear of the person who is also righteous。It does not reach the number，It is a witch。Number without reaching virtue，The history of it。Shi Wuzhizhi，Township without，Okay instead of。》 It can be seen from this passage，"Zhou Yi" contains the contents of the three levels of "Youzan", "Mingshu" and "Dade"，The first two are "Youzan" and "Mingshu"，The old content of the witch history tradition; the latter is "Dade"，The new content belonging to the Confucius "Observing its morality"。Witch History Tradition is the old tradition bet365 Play online games of "Yi" learned，Its main content is to predict the good and bad of personnel by predicting personnel; while "watching its morality" is the new tradition created by Confucius，Focus on the ideological purpose of "Dade"。Confucius abandoned the content of Zhanzhang in the history of the witch history，Said: "Shi Wu's 筮，Township without，OK instead of it "，I believe that Shi Wu does not understand the real content of Yi Xue，They just do simple operations。

Although Confucius abandoned the history of the historian，But inherited other content of the historian tradition。The inheritance of the historical official tradition of the historic official is reflected in two aspects: "Narrowing" and "Palmist Books"。"Zhou Guan" interpretation，said "Narrow in the old age"，also said "Palm Corporation Books to Zi Guan"。Historian officials in the early stage of forming，It has formed two traditions: one is the astronomical calendar，Time to watch the sky; the second is the head of the national classics，Record politics gains and losses。The former Yan Tiandao，Involved in one side of the glimpse of nature，related to the ancient astronomical law calendar; the latter romance，A side involved in moral politics。Sima Qianyun "On the occasion of heaven and man，Changes in Ancient and Modern "，It is the full summary of the two functions of historians。

"Narcissus"，This is the first responsibility of the historian，The primary task is to use the adventure of natural age。Historical officials observe astronomy by observation，Find a four -hour solar term，The monarch is in accordance with the time of the sky，Agricultural activities can also be expanded for this。Since ancient times，The rulers of the past generations have taken the mastery of the phenomenon as a major task for governing bet365 best casino games politics。"Shang Shu · Yao Dian" Cloud: "Qin Ruo Haotian，Calendar, Sun, Moon Star，Time to grant the people ";" Historical Records · Tian Guan Book "contains:" Since the birth of the people in the beginning，The Lord of the World is unlimited, the moon and the stars? "visible，The astronomical calendar of the historian was in the importance of political life at that time。

In the article "Two Three Son Questions"，Confucius Showing "Kun" hexagram Sixth Victory "Follow Cream，When you ice to "，Mention "Tianshi gradually"，It says: "This is time(gradual)，Ringhong (Bao) Changye。The age of age began [Northeast]，□ in Southwest。Wen Shi is at □，Cold began at □□ De，and the beginning of heaven，Bi Shun Five Elements，亓 (亓) Sun Gui and Zong Zongba (collapsed) "。Here，"Tianshi gradually"，From the explanation of the "Kun" hexagram, the first six words "Follow Cream，Come on the ice，It means that when you know that you know that you will be as soon as you know that you will come soon，Among them, the word "gradual" refers to the season change from "frost" to "strong ice"。"Elephant" said "'Follow Frost Stubbing'，Yin Shi Ning also "，It is to remind people to feel the changes in time caused by changes in yin and yang。In the "Six Days and Seven points" hexagram qi map of "Six Days and Seven points"，With Kun Gua with Xiaoxue，For Haiyue，Is October。Just arrived at this time，It is Yin Shi Ning also。It says "This is the time when it is said(gradual)，Jie Ye (Bao) often also "，Emphasize that the monarch must administrate the sky when the heavens are gradually changing，To keep heaven。

In another document "Heart"，Confucius interpretation "Follow Cream，When you are in the ice to "," the meaning of the year "，It says: "Sun (Xun) from the stomach (saying) also。The meaning of the bet365 live casino games year began in the Northeast，Extremely Southwest。Gentleman see the beginning of the Efforts，Sunde。"" The meaning of the bet365 live casino games year began in the Northeast，Apered in Southwest "，We can interpret from the two levels of time and space: from the perspective of time，One year's plan starts from winter，Summer; from the perspective of space，One year's plan started in the Northeast，Extremely Southwest。For this，How to understand? We can find the answer from the hexagram，Its cloud: "Gen，Northeast Gua also，The end of all things and the end of the end is also，Therefore, Cheng Yan said that Gen。"Mr. Lian Ximing said:" When Gen is ugly，Xia Zhengjian Yin，The weather is getting warmer，Cold。"Gen Gua is the northeast hexagram in the gossip position of the day after tomorrow，Between Kan Gua and Zhen Gua，Kan Gua is the hexagram of winter days，Zhen Gua is the hexagram of Spring Day，Therefore, the winter hexagram is going to pass，Therefore, it is said "to the end"，At this time, the spring has not yet begun，Therefore, "Cheng Cheng"。This can be known，Gen Gua is both the end point of the four seasons cycles，At the same time is the starting point of the next cycle，So "Starting in the Northeast"，That is, starting from Gen Gua。"Say" hexagram and cloud: "Kun Ye，Di also，Everything is raised，Therefore, it is said to be Kun。"Mr. Lian Ximing said:" As the Kun is not shed，Tianyun here，Summer disappearance，Cold Qi，Everything is collected，Baigu Kind。"" In the gossip position of the day after tomorrow，Kun is the hexagram of the Southwest，Between Li Gua and Da Gua，That is, between summer and autumn，It is the growth of all things in the summer and autumn、The time of harvest，Therefore, "Everything is raised"，It is the meaning of "in Southwest"。And Kun Gua and Gen Gua relative，bet365 live casino games One said to start，One said to end，At the end, it is one year old。

Historically officials not only observe、Record Sky Elephant，At the same time, it also records Vientiane on earth，The record of the latter is mainly concentrated on the level of the pronged king。The so -called "Candidate Government Books"，It means that the historian is in charge of the National Code of the State Code，Record "The Way of the Words of the Ford of the Wall and Ford, the Way of Ancient and Modern"，With this providing the rulers of the ruler, provide the country's experience。"Culture History and History, the Original Road" cloud: "Yi" is a book，So open things to make a business，Palm in "Spring Officer" Taibu，It is inherently official and listed in the old man。"" So，What are the "ways of success or failure" in the book "Yi Chuan"? The political thoughts in the book "Yi Chuan" are mainly concentrated in the three documents of "Two Three Son Questions", "Miao He" and "Zhaoli"。

"Two Three Son Questions" is the first of the six articles "Yi Zhuan"，The earliest era of the book of writing，About the early and mid -term of the Warring States Period，Therefore, it reflects the distinctive features of early Confucian political thought，Special emphasis on the morality of the ruler。It says: "Yi" said: Anti -Dragon You(Regret)。Confucius said: This statement is upward and proud。Pride instead of 佁 (殆)，No one also。The standing of the sage (attending politics) also，If you follow wood，Yu Gaoyu's Fei，Therefore, ‘anti -dragon has(Repent) '"。"Two Three Son Questions" officially proposed the theme of "Standing in the Sage"，"Li Zheng"，Tong "attending politics"，It means to listen to politics for the Lin Dynasty。Vietnamese high weight，The more you have to be a person who is lower than himself，This is the necessary bet365 Play online games principles of the political politics。Just as the dragon has the power of Shenwei，at a high position，Still maintaining the virtue of "no head"。Not the first，Consciously below，is the way of gentleman living。"Two Three Son Questions" is humble and cautious about the monarch、Emphasis on the quality of abstinence，is closely related to the awareness of the eagerness emphasized by Yi Xue。"Blessed blessing (miscellaneous) to，Know (Zhi) knows，Therefore (strict) guest (Ke/愙、愕/谔) Fear，Day Shen September，(猷 ― 犹 犹)，盱 （(Yu) instead of □□□，Therefore, ‘Repentance’。"The humble people often have a sense of crisis，Only to alert the subtle opportunity to transform the blessing of the blessing，Energy in the heart，Carefulness and dare not slack off，Dare to have evil lines。

"Miao He" and "Zhaoli" two in the six books "Yi Chuan" in the six articles "，About the late Warring States Period，Therefore, the political ideas in it show some characteristics of late academics of the Warring States Period。"Miao Pei" is aimed at the special social reality of the Warring States Period，Also emphasizes the monarch's modesty，Think that the monarch's humility can maintain the harmony of the monarch and minister's relationship。"Miao Hep" to Shun、Yu Zhiqian made a detailed explanation，I believe that Shun can get the world，It is precisely because of the virtue of humility。It said: "Zi said:‘ if you can be here，亓 (its) Ji Ye，Is it appropriate? Shun take the world also，When this hexagram is also '。"" This hexagram "refers to" Qian "hexagram，Emphasizing the important role of the virtue of the hexagram in the process of the monarch。"Zhaoli" chapter through the mouth of Confucius，A few hexagrams involved in "Zhou Yi"，Explained the "Righteousness of Dr. Qing" and "Jun's Righteousness" bet365 Play online games respectively。Confucius proposed，As Dr. Qing，To assisle Guojun，Keep the harmony between the monarchs and ministers、Trust，In the process of managing the country, we must establish the ideas such as "the country and the country"; as the monarch，It should be an example、Knowing people good at，Education of national policy concepts should be focused、Publicity and other ideas。

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(Author Unit: National College of Renmin University of China)