Hu Shi called Huainanzi, a masterpiece of Taoism in the Han Dynasty, a "peerless and wonderful book",The "Yuan Dao" is the most "wonderful" article on Taoism's "Tao" among the "twenty-one chapters" of this wonderful book。Huainan King Liu An and the "Huainan School" are in "Yuan Dao",Full inheritance、sublated、Huitong and Melting Pre-Qin Laozi、Zhuangzi、Huang Laozhi’s “Tao” theory,Out of the ideal desire to unify the Han Dynasty for long-term peace and stability,Reinterpretation and contribution to a more grand and profound one、The new "Tao" theory of Han Dynasty with the color of practical application。Philosophical speculation on the "Tao bet365 score" in "Yuan Dao"、Explanation,There is a sufficient theoretical reflection on this,Can embody the gist of the "Tao" theory in the book "Huainanzi" more concisely and clearly、Features、Value and significance。
Around "The Supreme Way",Liu An and others provided theoretical explanations from four levels in "Yuan Dao": First, the general philosophical essence of "The Way bet365 score"。"Yuan Dao" discusses the "Tao bet365 score Being",First of all, briefly point out: "The Way bet365 score Husband,Produces all things but nothing,Become an image and not be slaughtered”,From ontology、The theory of generation highly discusses the supreme and fundamental significance of the "Tao bet365 score"。“Tao” is “Tai Shang”,The root reason lies in the world-generating function of "producing all things" and "forming images",What "Yuan Dao" says is actually an inheritance of Laozi's thought of "Tao generates all things",And the "Tao" it emphasizes embodies the essential characteristics of "nothing" and "fuzai" in the generation process of all things,It is also a reference to Laozi’s saying that “all things are done without beginning”,Born without being,Doing something without relying on it,Complete acceptance of the idea of "achieving and never living"。It can be said,As a rare special treatise on "Tao" among Taoists in the Han Dynasty,"Yuan Dao" uses concise and concise words to reiterate and emphasize the significance of the generation of all things in the world of the pre-Qin Taoist theory of "Tao" under the new historical conditions。This is also where Liu An and others differ from Laozi in their discussion of "Tao",That is, the focus of "Yuan Dao" on "Tao" from beginning to end、Starting point、Foothold,Not on the philosophical speculation on the relationship between "Tao" and "Name",Rather, it highlights the generative implication of the relationship between "Tao" and "Things"。Liu An and others’ interpretation of “Tao”,Closely consistent with the theoretical needs of the ruling class of the Han Dynasty to implement the "Tao" of Laozi's Xuansi into national political development。To a large extent,The practical application and effect of "Tao",This is the content that Liu An and others are more concerned about,This is also the internal motivation behind his systematic analysis of Huang Laoxin’s “Emperor’s Way”。For that matter,"Producing all things but nothing,Become an image and not be slaughtered”,In fact, it is the essential definition of "the Supreme Way" in "Yuan Dao",It is also the core of his theory of "Tao"。
The second is to clarify the practical function of "The Way bet365 score"。Elucidation of the generating meaning of "Tao" in "Yuan Dao",Pay attention to both the metaphysical and theoretical aspects,Also emphasizes the specific grasp of form,Therefore, it is followed by the philosophical definition of "The Way bet365 score","Yuan Dao" points out: "Brace your legs and take a breath,The cockroach flies squirming,Wait and live later,Mo Zhide;die later,No one can complain”,Use the life and death of all things in the world、Evolution and development to concretely interpret the practical function of "Tao"。This discussion on "Yuan Dao",In response to what he said at the beginning of the article: "The mountains are as high as the mountains",The abyss is so deep,The beast walks with it,Birds fly,The sun and the moon are bright,A trip to the ephemeris,Lin Yizhiyou,Feng Yi Zhi Xiang",The common feature of both is that they describe the role of "Tao" in generating all things,Revealing the unique "creation" meaning of "Tao"。What is different from the discussion of "Tao" in the first chapter,The discussion of "The Way bet365 score Being" in "Yuan Dao" is more theoretical,Philosophical speculation is more intense。Actually,"Yuan Dao" starts from two perspectives: the concrete world picture of how "Tao" is "materialized" and the abstract philosophical interpretation of how "Tao" is "generated",Systematically elucidate one’s own “Tao” ontology,The complete text of "Yuan Dao",Even the entire book "Huainanzi" laid the theoretical foundation of the "Tao" theory in the Han Dynasty。Although Liu An and others pay more attention to why "Tao" means "use"、The contemporary practical issue of how to “govern”,But it has not been ignored since the pre-Qin Dynasty and Laozi,Taoist’s metaphysical thinking and elucidation of “Tao”,But trying to take the latter as the fundamental theoretical observation,Re-examine and further explore the rich metaphorical connotations of "Tao" in the political development of the "Great Unification" dynasty of the Han Dynasty,Strive to make it closely integrated with Huang Lao's demands for governance of the Han Dynasty ruling class。
The third is the dialectical purpose of interpreting the "Tao bet365 score"。"Yuan Dao" discusses the "Tao bet365 score",Do not simply stop at conceptual definition and function control,But proceed further from Taoist dialectical thinking,Perform multiple perspectives、Multi-dimensional theoretical elucidation。"Yuan Dao" says: "Those who gain benefit cannot be praised,He who uses it but loses cannot be wrong。Collect livestock accumulation without increasing wealth,Giving to others does not benefit the poor。The county cannot be investigated,Small but industrious。Tired but not high,Falling but not falling,Benefit but not the crowd,Loss but not loss,Cut it without making it thin,Kill without crippling,Chisel without going deep,Fill it in but not shallowly。”Focus on “get” and “use”、"Collect livestock accumulation" and "Give gifts"、"Xuan County" "Xianwei"、“tired” and “fallen”、“Profit” “Loss”、Different angles such as "cutting", "killing", "chiseling" and "filling","Yuan Dao" profoundly clarifies the fundamental nature of "The Supreme Way"、Supremacy、Eternity,Highlight its differences,But the self-revealing identity of living things、Original meaning。For this reason,"The Original Way" finally returns to metaphysical philosophical speculation,Trying to grasp the existence characteristics and status of "The Way bet365 score" to the greatest extent,It says: "Suddenly and suddenly",Can’t be imagined;Suddenly and suddenly,Be unyielding。Gloomy and dark,Should be invisible;The cave is here,Not in vain。Relaxing with hardness and softness,Looking down at Yin and Yang。”It can be seen from it,Consistent with Lao Tzu,Liu An and others also believe that the essential characteristics of "The Way bet365 score" are "invisible" and "imageless"、“virtual” and “unyielding”、Both "hardness and softness" and "yin and yang"。This kind of philosophical speculation on the characteristics of "The Way bet365 score" is combined with the "Chu Ci" expression,The discussion of "Tao" in "Yuan Dao" has an unimaginable mystery,Exhibits the unique intuitive thinking of Taoism since the pre-Qin Dynasty that focuses on "meditation" and "realization"。
The fourth is the ideal of moral governance that manifests the "Tao bet365 score Being"。Although "Yuan Dao" discusses the "Tao of Taishang" briefly,Not much text,But it is full of ideological connotation and textual beauty,Profoundly expresses the ideal "Taoist" realm pursued by the Taoists of the Han Dynasty represented by Liu An and others。In the opinion of Liu An and others,“Governing” because of “Tao” is the ideal national development concept and model,Therefore, the ruling class of the Western Han Dynasty should deeply understand and grasp the wonderful functions of "Tao" in governing the country by "being unyielding" and "should be invisible",Fully put into practice the Taoist governance thoughts of "nature" and "inaction" from the two levels of "governance" and "governance",Ultimately realize the ideal "governance" of "the supreme deity" and "only the deity becomes noble"。It should be pointed out that,The words "Yuan Dao" discussing "The Way bet365 score Being" appear in "Tai Gu Er Huang",The handle of the Tao,Stand in the center,Shen and Huayou,To care for all directions” and “Feng Yi, the former one”、Da Bing’s Royal Guard...the handle of the Dao,And swim in the infinite land" between these two paragraphs highlighting the Taoist theory of "wandering",No accident,The essence is a theoretical response to the philosophical expression of the ideal of "Taoism" in "The Way bet365 score Being"。Because no matter whether it is the "travel" of "the two emperors of Taigu" or "the Tao",Still "Feng Yi、The "Da Bing Zhi Yu"'s "execution" and "you",They are all theoretical interpretations of the ideal relationship between "people" and "Tao" (that is, the relationship between "king" and "Tao")。If we say "you" is in Pre-Qin Zhuangzi,Reveals the ideal state of individual spiritual freedom,So in the "Tao" theory of Liu An and others,was transformed into a new meaning embodying the "imperial" ideal of governing the country。Be able to "relax with hardness and softness",The "Tao bet365 score Being" which is in harmony with Yin and Yang,The meaning of "swimming" implied in its "rolling and relaxing" and "pitching",This is also obvious。In "Yuan Dao"'s philosophical elucidation of "The Supreme Way",In fact, the ideal of governing the country is deeply entrusted with the "governance" of "the Supreme Being" and "deification",This is why Liu An is the "king",For the ruling class of the Western Han Dynasty to continue to carry forward Huang Lao's philosophy of governing the country since the early Han Dynasty,Realizing Taoist political expectations of “governing the world”。
To sum up,The ideological interpretation of "The Way bet365 score Being" in "Huainanzi",Rooted from Laozi,Has a deep recognition and acceptance of its "Tao" theory,However, "Huainanzi" attaches great importance to the generation process and specific representation of all things in the world of the "Tao bet365 score",Also reflects Zhuangzi to a certain extent、The influence of Huang Lao Taoism。Based on the "Tao" of "Metaphysical",Facing the "Tao" of "Shape",From metaphysical “ontology” to practical “generation theory”,Shape the "Tao bet365 score" into the philosophical foundation of the "Tao of the Emperor" that inherently adapts to the needs of the ruling class of the Western Han Dynasty in governing the country,This is the fundamental theoretical mission given by Huainan King Liu An and the "Huainan School" to "Yuan Dao"。
(Author’s unit: Chuhuai Culture Research bet365 score, Anhui University of Science and Technology)
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