Bet365 lotto review disagreement and Bet365 lotto review consensus from the perspective of epistemology
November 03, 2020 09:03 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Journal" Issue 2039, November 3, 2020 Author: Yu Guofei

Bet365 lotto review disagreement is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human society,It refers to different value subjects’ opinions on a certain concept in a specific Bet365 lotto review situation、Different judgments are made on the legitimacy (reasonableness) of actions or rules,The parties to the disagreement believe that their reasons are sufficient、Strong defense,The formation of "public opinion is reasonable",The difficult situation where mother-in-law says she is right。The root cause of difficult to resolve Bet365 lotto review differences is,All parties to the disagreement believe that their Bet365 lotto review intuitions are reliable,The Bet365 lotto review judgment made is correct,The facts upon which the Bet365 lotto review defense relies are clear、Good reason。Therefore,It is difficult to convince each other and change the original position。But,People noticed too,The rationality of Bet365 lotto review judgment involves more than just individual justification,Also involves the objectivity and commensurability of Bet365 lotto review judgment。Therefore,Philosophers have always paid close attention to the study of Bet365 lotto review disagreements。Especially since the 1930s,Influenced by logical positivism,The rise of emotionalism in Western ethics, especially metaethics、Intuitionism、The non-cognitivist position represented by expressivism has become an important way to study Bet365 lotto review disagreements,Their supporters advocate the elimination of Bet365 lotto review language、Cognitive significance of Bet365 lotto review judgment。However,Such an approach risks slipping into Bet365 lotto review subjectivism、The risk of relativism,It is also difficult to find a rational path to resolve Bet365 lotto review differences。In recent years,With a critique of non-cognitivism,The study of Bet365 lotto review disagreements has undergone an “epistemological turn”,That is, grasp the nature of Bet365 lotto review disagreements from an epistemological perspective and seek ways to resolve Bet365 lotto review disagreements。

On the issue of Bet365 lotto review disagreement,The two approaches of non-cognitivism and cognitivism provide answers to a series of core questions such as "what is Bet365 lotto review disagreement", "how do Bet365 lotto review disagreements arise", "why Bet365 lotto review disagreements deserve attention" and "how to resolve Bet365 lotto review disagreements" different answers。

    ,Although most people want to avoid falling into the shackles of Bet365 lotto review relativism,But there is no conclusion on whether Bet365 lotto review differences are cognitive differences or attitudinal differences。According to the non-cognitivist position,Bet365 lotto review differences reflect people’s value preferences、Differences in taste and emotion,These differences have nothing to do with Bet365 lotto review cognition。They do not believe that there are objective Bet365 lotto review facts,I also have doubts about human Bet365 lotto review cognitive abilities,So non-cognitivists understand Bet365 lotto review disagreements as attitude differences between subjects with different values。Although this subjectivist explanation and attribution of Bet365 lotto review disagreements is consistent with the intuition of many ordinary people,But cannot effectively respond to the threat of Bet365 lotto review relativism,Even used to argue for Bet365 lotto review pluralism、Justification of Bet365 lotto review Tolerance,It also presupposes the gap between facts and values。

Non-cognitivist treatment of Bet365 lotto review differences cannot fundamentally narrow Bet365 lotto review differences、Expanding Bet365 lotto review consensus。Therefore,Received more and more criticism,People are beginning to re-examine the beliefs involved in Bet365 lotto review disagreements、The relationship between attitude and intention,Wish to characterize the epistemological basis of Bet365 lotto review disagreement,Illuminating the role of beliefs in Bet365 lotto review disagreement,Overcoming the difficulties faced by non-cognitivism,Finding rational paths to resolve Bet365 lotto review disagreements。

In fact,Mentioned by Charles Stevenson, the originator of non-cognitivism, in "Ethics and Language",“Any difference in attitude is rooted in a difference in belief”。Therefore,Placing the issue of Bet365 lotto review disagreement under the dual research perspectives of contemporary ethics and epistemology,From Bet365 lotto review realism、Types of Bet365 lotto review disagreements from the perspective of Bet365 lotto review language and Bet365 lotto review cognition、Features、Esteemological research on causes and solution mechanisms,It is both conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the nature of Bet365 lotto review disagreements,It is also conducive to achieving attitude integration through reaching agreement on beliefs、Bridging Bet365 lotto review differences。

Non-cognitivism overemphasizes emotional and irrational factors in Bet365 lotto review disagreements,So it is easy to fall into the shackles of relativism,The shift from non-cognitivism to cognitivism means that people pay more attention to the epistemological basis of Bet365 lotto review disagreements,An attempt to examine the beliefs involved in Bet365 lotto review disagreements in the context of realism、Attitude、Internal connection between intention and other factors。Because,Although Bet365 lotto review differences between subjects with different values ​​are embodied in differences in Bet365 lotto review judgments and attitudes,But these differences are rooted in differences in Bet365 lotto review cognition。The debate between realism and non-realism behind Bet365 lotto review differences、The meaning of Bet365 lotto review language and the rationality of Bet365 lotto review judgment are closely related to Bet365 lotto review cognition。Similar to other types of disagreements,Bet365 lotto review disagreements are also based on the value subject’s beliefs and judgments about the object。Therefore,Understanding Bet365 lotto review disagreements should start with disagreements at the belief level,Eliminating Bet365 lotto review differences should also start from reaching a consensus on Bet365 lotto review cognition。

Since the 1980s,The epistemological research on the issue of Bet365 lotto review disagreement mainly starts from the following aspects: First,The role of beliefs and attitudes in forming Bet365 lotto review disagreements;Second,Bet365 lotto review language involved in Bet365 lotto review disagreements、The epistemological characteristics of Bet365 lotto review justification and Bet365 lotto review judgment;Third,How to resolve Bet365 lotto review differences at the epistemological level、The boundaries and substance of Bet365 lotto review tolerance。

To overcome the limitations of non-cognitivism,People examine the beliefs involved in Bet365 lotto review disagreements、Attitude、Intention factors,In Bet365 lotto review Realism、Characterizing the epistemological basis for Bet365 lotto review disagreement within the framework of semantics and Bet365 lotto review cognition,And through a linguistic analysis of the concept of “Bet365 lotto review disagreement”,Examining the types and characteristics of Bet365 lotto review disagreements、Compare the similarities and differences between Bet365 lotto review disagreement and other types of cognitive disagreement,Proposed epistemological criteria for characterizing and evaluating Bet365 lotto review disagreements。In contemporary epistemology, the "opinionism", "eclecticism" and "whole evidence theory" positions that analyze general cognitive disagreements are also used to specifically analyze the validity and reliability of arguments related to Bet365 lotto review disagreements。For example,To what extent can a society tolerate homosexuals without considering them as morally wrong?In addition,People also analyze the inner connection between rational factors (belief justification) and perceptual factors (emotional attitudes) in Bet365 lotto review disagreements from the perspective of Bet365 lotto review psychology,Understanding differences in value from the level of belief,Then evaluate the reasonableness of the Bet365 lotto review judgments of the parties in the disagreement。

Therefore,We can see,Only the principles of reasonable Bet365 lotto review judgment and Bet365 lotto review defense can be examined from an epistemological perspective,Fully understand the importance of Bet365 lotto review cognition to Bet365 lotto review beliefs、The impact of Bet365 lotto review judgment,It is possible to truly understand the nature of Bet365 lotto review disagreement,And from deepening the understanding of Bet365 lotto review facts、Enhanced defense of Bet365 lotto review beliefs、Maintain the rationality of Bet365 lotto review judgments、Promote the integration of Bet365 lotto review attitudes among different value subjects,Narrowing the Bet365 lotto review differences between people,Expand the Bet365 lotto review consensus of the whole society。

  (Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, Yunnan University)

Editor: Zhang Yueying
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