The appearance of Marx's ideological concept was deeply influenced by the French enlightenment thinker and the French Revolution，At the same time, it has an important relationship with Germany's Enlightenment and German classical philosophy，Its expansion is closely related to the transition process of Marx's philosophical position and political stance，The theoretical exploration and guidance of the theoretical exploration and guidance of the liberation of the proletarian liberation cause of the foundation of the materialist history is mutually inside。

　bet365 best casino games

After Napoleon came to power，Start with ambitious national machines to destroy the cultural park of the old world，To establish a new French spiritual and cultural symbol。Napoleon is "learning with its knowledge、Talent and Germany to help build or defend the principles of the Republic "give rewards while giving rewards，However, education and academics are placed under the out -of -the -box team training and management。French philosophy is silent。But，The results of the French Revolution accompanied by the flutter of the Napoleonic flag was transported to other European countries。Napoleon removed the feudal system in Europe，Open the vision of the German people，The ideological world in Germany is boiling。Napoleon is the disaster star of the ideology in France，But in Germany, it has become the savior of the ideological family。As the German philosopher Fisht said: "No Napoleon，Our philosophers and their concepts will be wiped out by strangle and car cracks together。"October 13, 1806，When Napoleon soldiers are under the city of Yerna，Hegel, who just finished writing "Phenomenal Phenomenology", is very humorous and deeply called Napoleon as "the spiritual world on the horse"。The modern part of "Records of the History of Philosophy"，Hegel has mentioned the bet365 best casino games French word of the concept of "ideology" more than once。Napoleon、The French Revolution and ideological concepts on the influence of Germany in the first half of the 19th century can be seen.。

When Marx lived in Paris in 1844, I studied Tellasi's "Ideology Element"，and made nearly 30 paragraphs of the content of economic content。Abstract in "James Mueller's" Principles of Political Economics "" "The Manuscript of Economics Philosophy in 1844" and "German Ideology"，Marx mentioned in a critical way to mention some insights from Trax。In a sense,，Marx's ideological concept is introduced from France。In fact，Marx's ideological concept also benefits from German classical philosophy with strong critical rationality。If the experience theory created by British philosopher Bacon is developed into sensory theory in France，and then be created as the concept of "ideology" in Tracy，So the starting point with Kant philosophy，Fund Hit、Xie Lin，Due to Hegel's peak German classical philosophy, it has spawned Marx's ideological doctrine。When Kant entered the philosophy stage，Modern philosophy is in trouble。On the one hand, Kant establishes the general inevitability of scientific knowledge through the innate understanding of the subject，On the other hand, it is free to open the road through the limitations of rational understanding ability。Kant puts practical rationality above theoretical rationality，The purpose of considering scientific knowledge is to realize human freedom，Draw through rational criticism for rational function，To restrict rational recognition ability，Freedom、Morality and metaphysics stay at the site，To solve how human rationality can still maintain freedom while obeying the inevitable natural laws。Kant's search for practical rationality，Open the research of ideological ideology of Classical philosophy of Germany。The master of the German classical philosophy, Hegel, used an important term "Die GESTALTEN Des BewusStseins" in "Psychological bet365 Play online games Phenomenology"，"Ideology"。The German word "Die Gestalten" of "Form" often appears in the form of plurals，Literal translation as "Consciousness"。Each spiritual phenomenon is an ideology，From the stage of consciousness development，Each stage is an ideology。Psychological phenomenology is both ideological，It is the history of conscious development。Hegel regards the development of human consciousness as a historical process，Try to break through the boundaries of certainty，See the negative factor in affirmation，Discover the affirmative link from the negation，A large number of metaphors are used to express their thoughts at the same time，specifically explained the various ideology corresponding to the development of human society，revealing the historical and dialectical method of the history of the ideological phenomenon。Hegel's philosophy has a great impact on Marx。Marx pushed the ideological concept to thought in combination with the two trends of France and Germany、cutting -edge of politics and academic fields。

　　Delivery and New: a Copernicus revolution

1840 to 1841，Marx uses ideological concepts for the first time in the "Notes Seven" prepared for his doctoral dissertation。"Naturally for our consciousness，No longer the source of fear，It is exactly the existence of directly ideological form of Yibiku to become a natural form。"Marx wrote in a doctoral dissertation:" What our life needs is not ideological and hollow hypothesis，but we want to live a life without any confusion。"The ideology of ideology here only expresses the negative attitude of Marx's assumptions of Xuan Xiang and empty in the general sense。Because Marx is at this time in the ideological struggle and political struggle that is directly devoted to reality，On the eve of the transformation of materialism and communism。September to December 1841，Marx participated in the preparation of the Rhein News，Starting writing for the newspaper in 1842，In October of the same year, he took over the editor -in -chief of the newspaper。This bet365 Play online games period，Marx "The first time I encountered the difficulty of expressing opinions on the so -called material interests"。In the process of exploring and solving realistic problems，Marx has doubts about the original philosophical beliefs。In "Debate on the Forest theft Law"，Marx's open statement is politically、The interests and rights defense of the oppressed labor in the society。For those who have the privilege for the privilege to maintain the forest owner，Marx said sarcastically: "How should we understand the ideology of this rapid change?，What we encountered in terms of thought is only some followers of Napoleon。"This is the first time Marx used the" ideology "term to analyze the practical problems in politics and social life。This situation implies such a situation: Marx's future liquidation of "ideology" also includes liquidation of your original philosophical beliefs。

January 1843，The Prussian government decided to seize the "Rhine"，Marx withdrew from the editorial department of the newspaper in March and came to Crotzanh City, Rhein in May，Go to Paris, France in October of the same year。This period，Marx "Return to the study from the social stage"，The ideological distress of political practice in the period of "Rhein" period is dedicated to historical research，and Higgel French philosophy criticized and later turned to economics research，From the combination of economics and philosophy to the depth of history，Completed the fundamental change of the philosophy worldview，Founded Material History View。Marx's important idea of ​​"Civil Society Decisions Country" proposed in "The Critical Critical Critical Criticism" of Marx，Open the road to the historical view of materialism and grasp the concept of ideology correctly。Marx said in the criticism of religion: "Country、Society has produced religion that is upside down.，Because they are the upside -down world。"here，Marx deeply reveals the false nature of ideology from realistic social life，and clearly Bet365 app download indicate，Marx's ideological criticism is the edge of ideas that directly refers to the political and social foundation of this false ideology。Marx stands on the materialist position of the revolution，Discuss the dialectical relationship between the transformation between material power and spiritual power，At the same time, it clearly points out that the scientific revolutionary theory and even ideology can be converted into material power in the process of human history and play a huge role。

　　In -depth expansion: steering of ideological research

From the end of September 1845 to the summer of 1846，The "German Ideology" co -authored by Marx and Engels is a work that fully discusses the general theory of society and history。Marx's German word "Ideologie"。According to Marx's own narrative，Writing purpose of "German Ideology"，1 is to "liquidate" myself philosophical belief，Second, "Clarify the problem by yourself"。This purpose is to "clarify our opinions with Engels" with Engels.，and "Criticizing the form of philosophy after criticizing Hegel"。Object of this work and the argument，Including Strauss、Powell、Ferbaha、Steina, etc.，All German philosophers in the same age as Marx。So，The "ideology" in the title is obviously derogatory。In Marx's discussion，Ideological form is first treated as "false concepts", "fantasy" or "fantasy"。So，How can I be an "false concept"? Marx thinks，"The thought of the ruling class is the idea of ​​dominating the dominant status in each era ...，At the same time, it also dominates the information of spiritual production "。Therefore，The product of the spiritual production of a certain social and historical period is ideology，It is essentially reflected in the thought of the ruling class。The special interests of the ruling class and its conceptual performance have been given universal forms。But，There is a contradiction between the rule of the ruling class and its social communication form and the productivity that walks ahead，This contradiction bet365 Play online games will inevitably be the conflict between the ideology of the ruling class and the existing relationship。This contradiction is more developed，The idea of ​​ruling class that has been given a universal form "of course, the more unreal ...、Conscious fantasy and purposeful hypocrisy "。Ideology as a false concept，It is not compatible with the upper -level building as the concept of the concept，It is in the form of the thought that gives specific classes in a universal form，lies in its defense of economic and social resource inequality，It is the cover of the true essence of the economy and society。

Of course，From Marx's view，Ideological form does not necessarily and simply "false concepts"。One，Ideological form is a complete social structure。In "German Ideology"，Marx briefly summarizes this complete social structure as "productive forces、Social conditions and consciousness "，Politics correspondingly、Law、Moral、Religious、metaphysics and other ideological forms are called "upper -level buildings of concepts"。Its two，The ideology reflects the common social interests of social existence。This common interest "is not just an 'common thing' in the concept，First, the interdependence relationship between individuals who have division of labor exist in reality "。The ideology reflecting this common interest maintains society in its unique way。With the establishment of materialist history and the increasingly deepening of political economics research，Marx's understanding of ideology is also constantly enriching and deepening。In "Capital"，Marx has emphasized the difference between the phenomenon of the capitalist society and the basic production relationship as their basic production，scientifically revealed the bourgeois ideology，Methods that are generated in the form of people combined in the daily affairs of the capitalist society，Core for the ideological of the bourgeoisie -the product worshiping and the teaching of the product has been deeply criticized。

Bet365 app download In short，Where in Marx，A real steering has taken place in ideological research。In his opinion，Ideological form is not just a logical or recognition problem，More importantly, the real nature of the society under the cover of ideological illusions。Marx's analysis and exposure of all kinds of discourse strategies hidden in ideology，The central content of becoming ideological criticism。Semantic power of the concept of ideology is born from this。

　　(This article is the results of the Renmin University of China in 2020.

(Author Unit: College of Marxism College of Renmin University of China)