One of the characteristics of German classical philosophy is，Its speculation is not just in the book，Instead, it always contains deep love for your own nation and deep worries about your culture，Even the concern for the fate of human beings。This aspect is reflected as，After the iron hoof of Napoleon broke Prussia，The Germans realize that they must build a world -class university，To cultivate a "uppercase"。On the other hand, it is reflected as，Representative of German classical philosophy，Whether it is Kant，Still Fichte、Xie Lin、Hegel，All "educational philosophers"。Because if a philosophy claims that it is a "system"，It cannot not include a reflection and construction of the process of human education and educational institutions without itself。When these two aspects gathered in Germany in the early 19th century，The kind of speculation about university -university -specific German philosophy of Germany。

1802，Xie Lin, who was a new star at that time, taught the course of "Academic Research Methodology" at Jear University，Published the lectures and drafts the following year。In this course，Many problems discussed by Xie Lin，Until now, there is still a reference value。Xie Lin thinks，Universities are by no means an institution that continues elementary education and vocational education。On the contrary，The reason why the university is university，Not that the special sciences of each door will be taught and taught in the university，It is to help students understand the science as a whole。"Universitat" (universitat) originated in Latin "Universitas Magistrorum et Scolarium" (teacher and student community)，In its literal sense, it contains the meaning of "whole"，The university carries the function of all part of the organic life that bred knowledge，and the establishment of this full life depends on a complete scientific concept bet365 best casino games that can bring a common spirit。In other words，Before engaged in professional research，You must first recognize the organic overall of each science。If a person wants to study a special science，So he must understand what the science is in the organic whole; what is the special spirit that gives this science and the relationship between its common spirit and the full spirit of the whole。

Visible，Source of Xielin's university philosophy，It is his true understanding of all the lively connections of all science -this is also the "knowledge of the original" in all knowledge and science in German classical philosophy.，or "Spirit"。That kind of stacked all things in research and teaching，Forms a so -called overall thing，Or the special department science only rely on external connections to force the relationship without any specific scientific and scientific integrated relationships，In Xie Lin's view, it is not a way of university。Real scientific and organic overall，Then the real university can accept individual sciences in itself，and start from the overall to give individual scientific source living water。Therefore，A person who has pursued the overall spirit，It must be harmonious into this living operation as a whole，Understand the special science he is engaged as an organic link of science。And the reason why this kind of knowledge can be taught in university，It is just that the essence of the university is the projection of the knowledge universe。Just as in the universe，Although there are different galaxies that are self -contained，But they are not outside the entire cosmic system because of their own independence。On the contrary，It is precisely the universe itself has given them interactiveness at the same time to maintain their independence。Corresponding to it，The essence of the university lies in "interdisciplinary"，instead of the self -made integration of a certain discipline。

At the same time，Xie Lin also answered people's doubts about "what use to go to college"。After all, many people think，University just teach some "theory"，It has nothing to do with "practice"。But in Xie Lin's view，Bet365 app download This is just a misunderstanding。Where daily ordinary knowledge and ordinary operations，Knowledge and action seems to be split; and in the concept，Knowledge and action is the same thing，Have the same absoluteness。People always understand knowledge as a means of action，This comes from people who only have an incomplete concept for "knowledge" and "action"。A real absolute action cannot take knowledge as a means，Because of its own absoluteness, it cannot withstand the rule of knowledge。In limited intellectual，All the knowledge in the minds of people's minds，A common knowledge obtained in daily life，Therefore, it must be a knowledge。In their eyes，Disciplines such as philosophy，Should teach them how to fulfill their obligations in their lives。Therefore，The reason why they fulfill their obligations，Not the inevitability of freedom，and just succumb to a concept that science placed in their hands -that is, the so -called "what did you learn，What way to act "。But this one is here，Learn any special scientific knowledge，It is nothing more than to maintain livelihood，I will even be in my later work career，Just look at others and the world from the specific perspective of the disciplines of the discipline。This is definitely not the original purpose of college education。Other people are due to college education，Learned a bunch of "critical nihilism"。They think in reality，People can know so many correct things，but did not act accordingly，Therefore, knowledge and action must not be the same thing。pragmatic，Knowledge cannot directly lead to action，But this just proves that knowledge is not a means of action。The root of these misunderstandings lies in，There is no order from knowledge to action。If people want to place knowledge and action in a real harmonious relationship，You must recognize，The overall organic knowledge that allows different knowledge to be produced，Is a living concept that can also cause action。Therefore，In this sense，University as a science obtaining a professor and research institution，Its purpose also exceeds simple scientific research bet365 Play online games and teaching，but a higher mission with the concept of carrying and inheritance。

From Xie Lin's view，The university has always played the role of "inheritance knowledge"，But these knowledge has completely lost contact with the living life with absolute knowledge，Lost the true meaning and value of "knowledge itself", that is, "science"。They just accumulate all things in the so -called "overall"，So it is fragmented。For example，Worship the relics of the ancient world and previous lives，It is really a kind of devotion，But if people regard the past things as the object of science，Use the understanding of these things to replace the knowledge itself，Knowledge itself changed。Historical knowledge in this sense，The road to the overall concept of living science is blocked。What people are pursuing at this time，It will no longer be consistent with the knowledge itself，but whether this thing is consistent with the knowledge that is derived。As everyone knows, the latter is just an incomplete portrait of the real knowledge itself。Xie Lin thinks，Many universities at that time were established on the spirit of this historical knowledge。The entire disciplinary system of these universities is based on knowledge and its overall division as the starting point。Most of the content that people learn in college are already knowledge，and in order to facilitate mastering，Tear the overall living organic structure into various minimized fragments，In all the isolated parts of the knowledge, that is, the special sciences of each door，Can't find the existence of general spirit。To change this situation，The primary responsibility falls in the "eternal component of academic institutions", that is, the teacher。A true teacher can treat all sciences in the spirit of universal and absolute knowledge。Of course，This does not mean that any special science should be placed under absolute science as a whole，Make them secondary、Shallow and ugly things，Lost of your status。On the contrary，Look at special science in the science as a whole，It is to better study the purpose of special science itself as the Bet365 lotto review purpose，At the same time, treat itself as an overall organic link，in order to present the universal spirit in this special field，and the special spirit that observes this special science。For this requirement，It seems to have a paradox，That is, we hope that some teachers can meet this requirement，But these teachers have obtained their preliminary education from the current university。Xie Lin keenly saw the real problem solving the way，That is, "people only need to give these people's spiritual freedom，Do not use some concerns that are not suitable for scientific relations to limit them "。In "Freedom of Spiritual" and "Academic Freedom"，These teachers will educate themselves，and can in turn to teach others，Guide young people on the road to real academic research，Feel in real knowledge、Perform general spirit。

This requirement for academic freedom and spiritual freedom，If you want to be realized in college，It must be recognized by the country。Xie Lin thinks，Because the country is pursuing the best things、The highest -end talent，It must also be the best "life of ideas"，That is the best university。In this sense，The country is the true "concept" that universities want to convey，The university is also the concept of the country presented in the form of a minor knowledge universe。If science is downgraded as a tool that is simply practical，Science is no longer science。Correspondingly，If the university cannot maintain a living relationship with the overall knowledge and knowledge，University will disappoint the country。Although the final training of the university can only be a special professional talent，But a good university should be able to allow their students to look at their subjects as a whole。On the contrary，Each qualified college member -whether it is a teacher or a student -should promote the special science development he is engaged in the whole spirit，I think of this scientific as a pure purpose rather than a tool。Only this，College students who have received college education will not become a "asexual worker bee" or "bread scholar" in Xielinkou，Instead of being bet365 best casino games a real person，People with independent creativity。This is also the mission of Xie Lin's school education。He thinks，Skills and fragmented knowledge on the surface of college students，Never produce the best talents，Real education should be an education that penetrates the nature of human beings，Let people have rational thinking，In the inspiration of general spirit，Creative activities in the common and special science encounters。Only such a university，Only deserve the support of the country。Because，Only the individual members of the country that constitute the country are both overall means，The purpose itself as far as it is concerned，The state will spread their own ideas through university on everyone，Consolidate themselves through every citizen、Implement yourself。So，The university system is the portrait of the national system。I am rather，In Xie Lin's eyes，The university is a miniature country presented in a small universe。

Left with the educational perspective of the popular university at that time，Xie Lin resolutely defended philosophy relative to various official sciences (theology、Law and Medicine) The superiority and distinct independence。Western traditional universities from the Department of Philosophy、Law Department、Department of theology、Composition of the Department of Medicine，Among them, the Department of Philosophy is the "Low -level Department"。But starting from the university philosophy of "interdisciplinary" and "scientific overall"，Xie Lin, who is a philosopher and a philosopher teacher, believes it，The Department of Philosophy cannot originally cannot exist，Because philosophy is the science of all sciences because philosophy，The concept of the concept of inheritance。Xie Lin inherited the traditional scientific classification method of Aristotle，It is believed that the entire scientific system is like a huge "tree of knowledge" from "original knowledge" and germination.，and philosophy is the "original knowledge"，Especially at different levels that people think of the same sex between scientific rooms that people think bet365 Play online games of each other、Philosophy that looks like a bond that runs through them。Therefore，Philosophy is the foundation of all special sciences，Special science is the branches and leaves of "knowledge of knowledge"，Better with philosophy。But the purpose of philosophy is not the philosophy itself，Instead of revealing higher ideas and order, that is, the country。

As the scholar summarized，In German classical philosophy，Philosophy itself has a deep patriotic quality，This quality is also directly reflected in the university philosophy of German classical philosophy。Even after 40 years，Xie Lin still praises this kind of university and national relationship and common relationship between universities and countries based on higher philosophical concepts: "In the age of the deepest humiliation，It is a philosophy to help the German people stand upright，On the brilliant broken wall of the past，Those powerful people hold up the banner of science，Gather the most outstanding youth to its own。In the classroom of philosophers ... Many people have found determination to test their courage and thinking in the struggle for philosophy。”

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