In the study of the history of the development of Marx's philosophy，Marx's theoretical origin and logic process of realizing the first ideological transformation is always an important issue that has attracted much attention。The research on this problem can be roughly divided into two paths: one is the interpretation path of quality judgment from the perspective of philosophical logic and political position opened by Lenin。This path was originally interpreted as "one transition theory"，Subsequently was severely rejected and ignored during the criticism of Western Marxism，Until the Chinese Marxist scholar represented by Mr. Sun Boyi, in the process of seeking the Sovietism model, it is original to propose the "two transformation theories"，Only to rejuvenate a new theoretical vitality。Another interpretation path from the perspective of the research object and theoretical theme，If you criticize from the country to the public society，From political alienation to critical critical economic alienation, etc.。These interpretation paths are indeed provided basic theoretical framework for us to grasp the development process of young Marx，But no consensus has not been reached on some specific issues。For example，What kind of materialism and communism did Marx's influence on? In the past, the academic circles usually surrounded Marx and Hegel、Ferbaha's ideological relationship discusses，Relatively ignored Pulu Dong、The potential effects of Herms and Engels on the different levels of Marx on Marx，This has also led to the logical process and quality judgment of the transformation of Marx's thoughts.，Either in the specific controversy of "natural materialism", "legal materialism" or "materialism of human beings"。Reinstance and inquiry of these issues，It will help more accurately grasp the multi -theoretical background and complex logic process of Marx's realization of the first ideological transformation。

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Wish to know，Marx's first thought transformation is manifested in philosophical logic as the shift from idealism to materialism。bet365 Play online games Past，We usually interpret this transformation as Marx as Marx's materialism to overcome and surpass Hegel's speculative idealism。But，What needs to be questioned further is，What kind of materialism did Marx have accepted Ferbaha? Marx explicitly criticized Ferbaha in March 1843 to Lurge's letter to "emphasizes too much nature and emphasizes too little politics"，This indicates that Marx does not agree with Ferbaha's natural materialism，Therefore, it is only possible to tend to accept Ferbaha's humanistic materialism。but but，At this time, Marx's main concern is social and political issues，and Ferbaha's humanistic materialism focuses on the religious field，So how did Marx extend it to the social and political and economic field?

Actually，Pulu Dong at the same time、Hers and Engels have already penetrated Marx into the field of social, political and economic，and surpass Ferbaha's narrow religious vision and philosophy on different levels，Therefore, there is a complex potential impact on Marx's ideological transformation。Specific speaking，Pu Ludong Earlier in "What is the ownership" established bet365 best casino games the hidden social materialist thought and the idea of ​​socialism in the context of political economics。On the one hand，Pulu Dong thinks，Society is the sum of various relationships，Among them, the core motivation of social and economic relations constitutes historical development，ownership for family、Religious、Military organization and political system plays a decisive role。On the other hand，Pu Ludong deeply revealed the false nature of the bourgeoisie's legal and political economy from the perspective of human nature。For example，The premise of equal rights and ownership of the bourgeoisie is exactly the inequality in property and level，Therefore, it is essentially a kind of theft and fraud。From this，He proposed a free society that integrates communist and private system。Although this concept is imaginative socialist color，But Pu Ludong criticized the political and legal power of bourgeoisie from the perspective of human nature，It will undoubtedly have a greater ideological touch for the first encountering material interests and the problem of communist problems，provides ideological guidance for Marx's turn to political history and bourgeois legal criticism。bet365 best casino games Hes earlier combined Ferbaha's humanistic materialism with Pulu Dong’s political legal criticism。And，Hers's alienation critical ideas have taken the lead in realizing the transformation from political alienation to economic alienation critical，So earlier completed the progressive expansion of the Ferbaha people's materialistic materialism。Hers expands the criticism of people's alienation and criticism to the political field in "Philosophy of Action" and develops political alienation。He thinks，The foundation of political countries and civic society is not rational and law，but the individual of self -ism，Political state is just a tool for maintaining the ruling class to extract people's sweat，In this sense，Freedom and equality of the bourgeoisie is just another slavery。In "On the Essence of Currency"，Hers further extended the criticism logic of people's alienation to the economic field and proposed currency alienation criticism。He emphasized，Currency in the secular world is the product of alienation of human interaction，It is a sign of human slavery。For this，He proposed an ethical communist concept，It is believed that only through the union of love and rationality can we abandon political alienation and currency alienation。Although Hess has not got rid of the mortar of socialism，But the idea of ​​political alienation and economic alienation undoubtedly provides Marx with direct and important philosophical methodology reference。Under the influence of Hers, Engels tried earlier to combine Ferbaha's humanistic criticism with bourgeois political economy criticism，and established a more distinctive revolutionary communist position with more solid empirical research and political economics research。In the "Critical Outline of National Economics"，Engels revealed the cruelty of the bourgeois private ownership from the objective reality。For example，Under the private system of the bourgeoisie，The competition between people is in the situation of hostile and slavery。At the same time，Engels severely criticized the false and contradictory of bourgeois political economics from the perspective of humanism。For example，He criticized the hypocrisy and incompleteness of Smith's theory of free trade theory completely bet365 Play online games damaged the free humanity。He actively advocates the elimination of private ownership、Competition and interest opposite，and emphasize that the cyclical economic crisis caused by blind competition will inevitably bring a social revolution。These views have become a promotion factor for Marx to turn to a firm revolutionary communist position。

The complex logic process of Marx's first thought transformation 

Based on multiple theoretical support backgrounds and its own theoretical exploration，Marx's first thought transformation has gone through a complex logical change process。Well knows，The starting point of Marx's philosophical thought is the self -conscious philosophy and rationalist national view with strong Hegel speculative idealism and bourgeois enlightenment thoughts。During the "Rhine" period，Maris encountered dual problems about material interests and communism for the first time。On the one hand，Marx's sharp criticism from the perspective of "national rationality and national ethics" is sharply criticized for "material interests occupy the upper hand" phenomenon is a "lower materialism"，This is his negation and rejection of his "materialism" facts based on the "materialist" facts based on Higgel -based objective ideology.。On the other hand，Although Marx has reserved attitude towards various communism and socialist trends at the time，But it is particularly rigorous that the work of treating Pulu Dong and others "must not be based on superficial、Time to think for a moment "，and must be criticized through long -term in -depth research。This indicates，Critical criticism of Polu Dong's political legal power has attracted Marx's attention，And prompting his existing political stance to start to shake。This dual problem promotes Marx to the in -depth research on European and American political history during the period of "Croysna Note"。Marx realized in research，Private property has always constituted the core element of political state，The country and law are fundamentally aimed at protecting the private interests of the ruling class。This confirmed from a historical perspective that Pulu Dong and Hess's criticism of modern civic society and private property，It laid an important foundation for Marx's first thought change。Based on this，Marx established bet365 best casino games the hidden social materialist thought of "Civil society determines the country" in "The Critical Critical Critical Critical Critical Criticism" in the same period。but but，Based on the overall context of the text，At this time, Marx mainly understands civic society from the perspective of political and legal and private interests，Not yet touched the context of political economics as a civic society with objective economic relations。Therefore，Marx holds a negative and critical attitude towards the public society，Therefore, do not agree with the fact that "the public society determines the country"。So，This kind of social materialism is not at this time that Marx consciously establishes a dominant materialist position。I think，At this time, Marx's dominant philosophical logic is the criticism of the political alienation of materialism based on Fernbaha -style materialism，This is likely to come from the influence of Hess。Specific speaking，Marx will family、Civil society and the country are regarded as "the object of human nature"，and advocate the establishment of a "real democratic system" on the basis of criticizing the bourgeois democratic system and political legal power。This has clearly abandoned the bourgeois revolutionary democracy in the political position，But it has not explicitly proposed the proposition of communism。

In "On the Jewish Problem"，Marx realized the transformation from the criticism of humanistic alienation to economic alienation under the influence of Pulu Dong, especially Hus，and initially outline the sprouting of communist ideology based on human -based materialism。First，Marx continues to criticize the historical limitations of the political liberation of the bourgeoisie in the political alienation of humanism，Emphasizing political liberation cannot bring people's liberation，Instead, people are split into citizens and citizens。Next，Marx revealed the falseness of the bourgeois legal power like Pulu Dong and Hels，The so -called human rights、Freedom、Equality、Property and security are just to maintain the principles of self -interest in the public and society。Therefore，The root of political alienation lies in civic society，Criticism and transcendence of political alienation must be deepened into a criticism of civic society。So，Marx's alienation bet365 Play online games criticism logic further advances to the level of economic alienation critical，This is likely to be inspired by His's humanistic currency alienation。Marx pointed out，In a civic society，Money becomes a god that needs and selfishness，The essence of the labor of the person who becomes alienated by the same person，and make people worship it。The liberation of people is to liberate human beings from the "Jewish Spirit"。Only when you are realistic individuals realize your inherent social power，and organize this social force to overcome the division of reality，So as to become a class existence，The liberation of people can truly realize。Here，Marx really establishes the philosophical foundation of materialism in the level of economic alienation，Based on this, the position of communist position is preliminarily expressing。Marx further explained his philosophical communism and proletarian revolutionary positions in the "Introduction to the Critical Critical Critical" of Higgie "。Marx pointed out: "Of course, the weapon of critical weapons cannot replace the criticism of weapons，Material power can only be destroyed with material power; the theory has mastered the masses，It will also become material power ... The human is the human itself。"The" theory "here refers to the Ferbaha -style materialism that advocates" the highest essence of people "，"Mass" refers to the proletariat of the product of the industrial movement，The two constitute the minds and hearts of human liberation。Visible，Marx completely forged people's materialism as a philosophical foundation and psychiatric weapon for the proletarian revolution，At the same time, the proletariat is regarded as a material weapon for humanistic philosophy，So as to combine philosophical logic with political positions。This clear revolutionary tendency is likely to come from the influence of Engels。

In short，Maris has initially realized the synchronous transformation of philosophical logic and political position during the period of "The Year of the German and French": turning to Ferbaha -style materialism on the philosophical position，Turning to a revolutionary communism based on human -based materialism。Of course，At this time, Marx mainly achieved this change at the general level，Not really establishing a complete theoretical system。bet365 best casino games For example，At this time, Marx's people's physical materialism and his alienation critical logic still mainly stays at the level of interaction with currency alienation as a prototype，Not to the level of labor alienation，Not to learn from Hegel's negative dialectics to fully clarify the basis of the philosophical methodology of abandoning the overall alienation，Nor did it demonstrate the essential connection and practical path of discarding alienation and realism，And these tasks were completed during the Paris Manuscript。

(This article is the State Social Science Fund Youth Project "Marx 'Machine and Technical Notes' and Historical Materialism Innovation Research" (21CZX002) phased results) 

(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Nanjing Normal University)