The strong invasion of modern Western civilization，Having a huge impact on Chinese society not only at the level of artifacts and institutions，In fact, the collision of two civilizations has a more complicated impact on Chinese ideas and concepts。Liang Qichao's "On Public bet365 bonus code indiana" is exactly the product of this complex era。Fan Hao pointed out，Liang Qichao’s ethical thought is “neither Chinese nor Western”、A new school of thought that combines both China and the West”。It may not be accurate to say "neither Chinese nor Western"，After all, Liang Qichao’s ethical views are not independent from China and the West；But “the middle is the west”，It is indeed a solid grasp of the characteristics of Liang Qichao’s ethical thought。

　Interaction between China and the West in determining the connotation of “public bet365 bonus code indiana”

In the article "On Public bet365 bonus code indiana"，Liang Qichao always advocates public bet365 bonus code indiana、The purpose of establishing new virtues is expanded。What is “public bet365 bonus code indiana”？First，Liang Qichao’s definition of the essence of “public bet365 bonus code indiana” is based on value。Liang Qichao pointed out: "What is public bet365 bonus code indiana?"？The reason why a crowd is a group，The reason why a country is a country，How can one establish this virtue。”This means that “public bet365 bonus code indiana” is a normative force that maintains the existence and development of human communities，Is the foundation of human social order and national order。But，Determine the essence of “public bet365 bonus code indiana” based on its practical value，Obviously, this method is difficult to directly establish the supremacy of the value of "public bet365 bonus code indiana"。After all，The norms that maintain the order of human society are not only "public bet365 bonus code indiana"。Therefore，Liang Qichao introduces the theory of human nature，Build "public bet365 bonus code indiana" on the universal basis of human nature。“人也者，A gregarious animal。”“Group” is human nature，Therefore, the "public bet365 bonus code indiana" of the "group" can be maintained，Not just a means of human self-preservation，And it is the self-determination of moral values ​​arising from human nature。

Secondly，Liang Qichao clarified the status of "public bet365 bonus code indiana" based on the distinction between public and private affairs。“The ontology of bet365 bonus code indiana is only one，But it was published outside，Then the name of public and private is established。"Liang Qichao thinks，bet365 bonus code indiana is the only ontology，The use of bet365 bonus code indiana is represented by the distinction between public bet365 bonus code indiana and private bet365 bonus code indiana。This clearly borrows the traditional Chinese distinction between body and function to locate the public and private aspects of bet365 bonus code indiana，Consider "public bet365 bonus code indiana" and "private bet365 bonus code indiana" as the same entity but with different uses。But，If you only understand it from the relationship between body and function，Since "public bet365 bonus code indiana" and "private bet365 bonus code indiana" are both at the level of "use"，Then the two are in parallel relationship，It’s hard to say how they are superior or inferior。So，Liang Qichao borrowed the Western concept of the distinction between civil society and political state，Distinguish between "private bet365 bonus code indiana" and "public bet365 bonus code indiana" in application fields。“Private bet365 bonus code indiana” belongs to the bet365 bonus code indiana in the private life of citizens，And "public bet365 bonus code indiana" belongs to the bet365 bonus code indiana in the field of citizen's political life。Although Liang Qichao admitted that "public bet365 bonus code indiana" and "private bet365 bonus code indiana" are both "indispensable tools in life"，But he ranked the two by value。Because the political state is higher than civil society，Therefore "Private bet365 bonus code indiana is the basis of public bet365 bonus code indiana，Public bet365 bonus code indiana is the accumulation and development of private bet365 bonus code indiana”。This turns the parallel relationship into a progressive relationship，Thus highlighting the lofty status of "public bet365 bonus code indiana"。

Finally，Liang Qichao determined the content of "public bet365 bonus code indiana" by comparing China and the West。He calls traditional Chinese ethics "old ethics"，The main content is "Five Ethics"。As opposed to，He called Western ethics "new ethics"，Mainly divided into family ethics、Three levels of social ethics and national ethics。Under comparison，Liang Qichao and his son、Brother、The three ethics of husband and wife correspond to Western family ethics；Corresponding friends to social ethics；Align the ethics of the monarch and his ministers to the national ethics。But he thinks，The ethics of friends is not enough to cover the entire content of social ethics，The relationship between the monarch and his ministers is “all a matter of personal gratitude and service”，It cannot even be called national ethics in a complete sense。Easy to find，Liang Qichao’s so-called “public bet365 bonus code indiana”，The scope roughly includes content at two levels: social ethics and national ethics。He pointed out: "People must have these three ethical obligations，Then personality is achieved。”Obviously，Liang Qichao thinks，The truly perfect personality lies in the family、People who have both "public bet365 bonus code indiana" and "private bet365 bonus code indiana" between society and the country。

In his article "On Public bet365 bonus code indiana", Liang Qichao mainly used an argument of "interaction between China and the West" to determine the connotation of "public bet365 bonus code indiana"，Not only adopts various concepts and methods of Chinese and Western ethics，And the content and scope of "public bet365 bonus code indiana" were directly determined in the comparison between China and the West。

　"Chinese and Western compatibility in advocating the necessity of "public bet365 bonus code indiana"

The "public bet365 bonus code indiana" advocated by Liang Qichao is a new bet365 bonus code indiana，But continue to examine its argumentation process，It’s not difficult for us to find，His argument for “public bet365 bonus code indiana” does not transcend the context of Chinese ethics and Western ethics，Instead, the unique spirits of the two ethical forms are integrated into "public bet365 bonus code indiana"。First，Liang Qichao’s argument on the necessity of “public bet365 bonus code indiana”，Combines the Western concept of equal exchange with the Chinese feeling of repayment。“Today’s lady lives in a group，Enjoy the rights of the group，That is, they have to fulfill their obligations to their own group。”People live in groups，Enjoy the rights given by the group，Then we should naturally assume certain obligations to the group。Liang Qichao regards order in community life as an equal exchange of rights and obligations，Enjoy your rights，You must fulfill your obligations。Meanwhile，He obviously understands that this kind of Western-style equal exchange is easily "acclimated" in China's ethical reality。Therefore，He supplemented the equal exchange of Western rights and obligations with the Chinese sentiment of retribution。"Group is good for me，But I can’t benefit the group，It is my fault that I cannot repay。”The exchange of Western rights and obligations is an equal exchange between individuals and groups，There seems to be no order of value between the two；The explanation of repayment means that the individual feels indebted to the group，Emphasis on the individual’s obligation and responsibility to repay the group。This way，The balance of rights and obligations is tilted，The individual’s obligation to the group is highlighted。

Secondly，Liang Qichao’s argument on the necessity of “public bet365 bonus code indiana”，Integrating Western rational spirit and Chinese-style human love。On the one hand，Liang Qichao cited traditional filial piety in his article to demonstrate the rationality of "public bet365 bonus code indiana"。"Gathering is the best for others，What the country is to its citizens，His kindness is the same as his parents。”Liang Qichao admitted that filial piety and “public bet365 bonus code indiana” have similarities in operational logic。He believes: "Parents are to children，生之，Yuzhi，Bao Zhi，Teach it，Therefore, children have the obligation to repay their parents’ kindness。”Parents’ love for their children and children’s love for their parents are bidirectional，Filial piety is connected by such human love。Similarly，In individuals and groups、There is also a two-way love between citizens and the country，Groups and countries are concerned and considerate of individual citizens，Individual citizens also have respect and love for the group and the country。This way，"Public bet365 bonus code indiana", like filial piety, has the tenderness of human love。On the other hand，Liang Qichao emphasized again，“Everyone fulfills this obligation，The more children you have，Parents become more submissive，The family becomes more prosperous”。The explanation of filial piety here is from the perspective of utility。Filial piety in family ethics is also the result of rational thinking，There must be benefits considerations。Liang Qichao thinks，Filial piety must be implemented to supplement the actual interests of parents，Being kind to your parents、Respectful。

Finally，Liang Qichao’s argument on the necessity of “public bet365 bonus code indiana”，It combines the Western spirit of contract with the Chinese tradition of managing the world，This is reflected in his explanation of official ethics。Liang Qichao thinks，“Officials，A person who is entrusted by a group to manage things，Having one’s own responsibility to the group，Resume obligations to the entruster"。Those who serve as officials have double obligations: one is as an ordinary individual，Obligated to the group；The second is as a special trustee，Obligated to the principal。Here，Liang Qichao’s understanding of official ethics is obviously social contract type。Citizens choose some people as agents of public opinion on the basis of the social contract，These agents have a responsibility to all citizens。Therefore，Liang Qichao thinks，The virtues of being an official must belong to "public bet365 bonus code indiana"。In addition，Liang Qichao also wrote a fable in the article: "An official died and Pluto punished him，His soul said: ‘I am not guilty，I am very honest as an official。'Pluto said: 'Put up a puppet in the court，Don’t drink from the well，Not better than the king？Nothing is known except for Lian，This is the king’s crime。’Then burn it。”In Liang Qichao’s view，Official ethics must be practical and practical，Those who are officials should focus on managing affairs、Saving the world，If it has no benefit to society and people’s livelihood、No responsibility for the country and the nation，Just guilty。

Liang Qichao in the process of advocating the necessity of "public bet365 bonus code indiana"，Mainly adopts the idea of ​​​​compatible Chinese and Western ideas。He takes Western concepts of rights and obligations as his footing，Blend Chinese and Western，Targeting the best of everyone，The implication of giving "public bet365 bonus code indiana" a dual ethical spirit。

　Mutual reflection between China bet365 bonus code indiana in the “Moral Revolution” Initiative

Liang Qichao believes that China’s tradition of emphasizing private bet365 bonus code indiana over public bet365 bonus code indiana has had a considerable negative impact on the country and its people，Therefore the existing moral state must be changed。For the transformation of traditional bet365 bonus code indiana，Liang Qichao mainly “centers on the relationship between ‘change’ and ‘constancy’ in moral ethics”。First，Liang Qichao examines "establishment" and "appropriateness" in the development of Western bet365 bonus code indiana。He pointed out: "The establishment of bet365 bonus code indiana，So it benefits the crowd。Therefore, because of the differences between literary groups，And the appropriate morals are often different。”Benefiting others is the foundation of bet365 bonus code indiana，This principle remains unchanged at all times；Meanwhile，Each society has different levels of civilization，Liqun’s specific requirements in different societies are also different。The former is "Li"，The latter is "appropriate"。Liang Qichao pointed out，The spirit of the constitutions of Britain, France and the United States is based on the public welfare of a certain group，But from the perspective of phenomena，Constitutions of various countries have great differences。This shows that although Liqun is an abstract one、Universal concept，But it has specific and realistic content。Then，Liang Qichao also examines the "appropriateness" of bet365 bonus code indiana from the longitudinal dimension of history。He specifically examined the human marriage system、Slavery and political system，Think that in different eras，Societies have different levels of civilization，Then the appropriate moral requirements and content are also different。Therefore，On the one hand, "moral revolution" must follow the civilizational evolution of human society and place it in its appropriate place，On the other hand, we must always adhere to "Guwu Group、Shan Wu Group、The "establishment" of "Jinwuqun"。

Secondly，Liang Qichao pointed out the "jing" and "right" in traditional moral gains and losses。How to carry out a "moral revolution" to establish a new bet365 bonus code indiana？Liang Qichao pointed out that one of the ways is the profit and loss tradition，Add or subtract from the bet365 bonus code indiana of "the sages and sages of the past reveal all their secrets to teach future generations"，Make it developed、Progress。Liang Qichao pointed out: "Reviving Confucius and Mencius，It has to make some gains and losses，It’s also clear。”He thinks，The popular bet365 bonus code indiana of this world cannot reflect the subtle meaning of the sages’ thoughts，Simple secular bet365 bonus code indiana can no longer regulate today's people's hearts。Therefore，The tradition of profit and loss is the proper meaning of the title of "moral revolution"。Liang Qichao emphasized that the profit and loss tradition requires "experience" and "right"，We must persevere，We must also pay attention to contingency。On the one hand，The profit and loss tradition does not completely deny traditional bet365 bonus code indiana，We must firmly adhere to the fundamental principles of bet365 bonus code indiana。“It’s okay to throw out the old stuff，If it is not moral, throw it out，The disaster of cross currents，曷奇有极！Now this disaster has come to an end。”The tradition of profit and loss requires the abandonment of the outdated and decadent elements of traditional bet365 bonus code indiana，But if even the fundamental rules of bet365 bonus code indiana are abandoned，That’s overkill，It will also leave hidden dangers for new moral construction。So，Traditions of profit and loss must be observed。But，Persistence is not persistence，“Moral revolution” is to establish a new moral form。Therefore，On the other hand，The profit and loss tradition must negate traditional bet365 bonus code indiana。Liang Qichao criticized another type of conservative who is stubborn in tradition。"Teacher is a Confucian scholar or is worried about the consequences"，Want to hold on to the remaining theories of the Song and Yuan Dynasties to curb their spread，How do you know the victory of the superior and the inferior?，There is no escape！Piece the soil in front of Mengjin，A cup of water to put out the fire，Although I have exhausted my talents，How can it be done！”Therefore，We need to carry out a "moral revolution"，In the traditional process of profit and loss, we must abide by the "tradition" and achieve the "right"，Avoid the extreme stance of complete denial and the conservative stance of using the past to save the present。

In Liang Qichao’s theory of “moral revolution”，The historical experience of Western ethics and the era of Chinese ethics need to take care of each other。In the tension between the "establishment" and "appropriateness" of bet365 bonus code indiana and the "jing" and "right" of bet365 bonus code indiana，Liang Qichao has made innovations in methodology or epistemology，Also a builder of a new moral world order。Therefore，Liang Qichao is no longer content to use the Western term "new ethics" to refer to his new moral order，The term "new bet365 bonus code indiana" is specifically used。In this sense，He seems to want to surpass China and the West。

In summary，Liang Qichao's article "On Public bet365 bonus code indiana" highlights the "both Chinese and Western" characteristics of his thought。From the determination and advocacy of "public bet365 bonus code indiana"，To propose a "moral revolution"，His arguments、The arguments and basic positions are “both China and the West”。

(The author is a doctoral candidate at the School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China)