Look at it in history，Confucius establishes the classic system of the Six Classics through the summary of the practice of ancient political education，is the most important historical event in the history of Confucianism。Another fundamental thing in the history of Confucian classics is the formation of the new classic system of "Four Books"。As Yang Ribin said: "The establishment of the" Four Books "is an epoch -making event ... if we are in general with the Song Dynasty，Divide the Stage of Streaming Streaming Classics，So，Before the Northern Song Dynasty, it can be called the "Five Classics" era，After the two Song Dynasty, it may be called the "Four Books" era。"What needs to be asked is，Why was in the Tang and Song dynasties，Especially the scientists represented by Zhu Zi，"Four Books" suddenly have a pivotal status? This requires the background and meaning of the establishment of the "Four Books"。

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After the introduction of Buddhism into China，It is based on the learning of mentality and justice。Zong Bing in the Southern Dynasty thought，"Edited by the Confucianism，Specialized in the rule "; Fan Tai、Xie Lingyun and others also say，"The Six Classics Classics，Ben in Ji Culfur is to treat the ear。Begging Sexual Spirit True Olympics，How about the Buddhist scriptures as the guide? "but，Discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of Confucianism and Buddhism，It also contains the positioning of the division of labor and Buddhism: Confucianism is a tool for political governance，and Buddhism can provide guidance for people to discuss "sexual true Olympics"。This positioning also means，From the eyes of Buddhists，Confucianism is longer than social and political governance，but lacks the dimension of the learning of mind。Qisong of the Northern Song Dynasty more clearly pointed out: "Confucian、Buddha，The teaching of the sage also。Although what it comes out is different，and the same return to rule。​​Confucian，The masters of the sages are also; Buddhas，The big who is a master of the sage also。If you are a thing, you can rule the world，The who is not a person is governing the mind ... so the rule of the world，Non -Confucianism cannot be;，Non -Buddha cannot also。"On the one hand, bet365 Play online games he acknowledged the irreplaceable position of Confucianism at the level of" governing the world "，But on the other hand，In fact, what I really want to indicate is the irreplaceable role that Buddhism has at the level of "governing the mind"。It is not difficult to find，Buddhists define the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism by emphasizing the functional differences of Confucianism and Buddhism，Finally, "the heart of the Buddha、The division of labor with Confucianism is used to establish the status of Confucianism and Buddhism。

The treatment of the division of labor and Buddhism in Buddhism，The motivation behind it is still to strive for the corresponding status at the political level。Therefore，Their understanding and positioning of the division of labor and Buddhism in Confucianism and Buddhism，In the end, only the recognition of the ruling class，Convert to the collective will of the dynasty，can achieve its goal。This has actually become reality during the Northern Song Dynasty。Zhao Pu in the early Song Dynasty had persuaded Song Taizu to "use Yao、Shun Tao to rule the world，Cultivate the mind with the trip of Rulai "，Zhao Pu's statement，It can be regarded as the method of the ancestor of the Song Dynasty。Later, Song Zhenzong made "Sens the Theory"，It advocates "Cultivation of the Buddha with the Buddha ... to the Confucianism,"，Song Xiaozong's "Three Teachers" further emphasized "cultivating the mind with the Buddha ... to the world with Confucianism"。This can be seen，The establishment of the Buddhist mind in Buddhism、The division of labor models with Confucianism "has become a common sense in the Song Dynasty。

However, since Han Yu，Confucian scholars believe that the mental work of Buddhism is more to regulate the inner spiritual realm of regulating the subject，Is "governing the heart and the country outside the world"，This will lead to the "erection of the end，Chinese and Foreign Revolution "，It is impossible to provide guarantee for governing the world，Therefore, it cannot meet the needs of scientists seeking "rebuilding a reasonable human order"。The question lies in，Can Confucian traditional scriptures provide guarantee for this need?

　Insufficient in traditional classics

Before the formation of the "Four Books",，Confucianism's dominant scripture system is the Han and Tang classics centered on the Six Classics。On the one hand，"Six Classics" is Confucius summarizing the practice of the ancient bet365 live casino games emperor's political and religious practices through the means of describing it.、The results of the improvement，So as to follow the poem of the first king、Book、Li、The tradition of the creator; on the other hand，As soon as Zhuangzi said, "Poetry" uses Taoist，"Book" with Tao，"Li" with Tao，"Le" uses Taohe，"Yi" is Yin and Yang，"Spring and Autumn" is divided by Taoism "，It shows the richness of the "Six Classics" in content。but but，As Zhang Xuecheng pointed out，"Six Classics" is Confucius "taking the Zhou Gong's code，So those who are written by heaven and people and the traces of cure "are formed，Therefore, its content focuses on the level of the code system。Especially after the Han Dynasty's independent Confucianism，As Fan Ye said，"The" Six Classics "paths are the same，and the use of ritual and music is urgent "，The rule of the ruling class pays more attention to the "Six Classics" more focused on the level of the etiquette and music system。The reason why rituals and music are more important，It is because ritual and music not only assumes the country's institutional design，It is also related to sacrifice、Education and other daily governance specific operations。Therefore，Chen Yinque said，"Confucianism's Popular Politics and Social System"，"Those who have the deepest and most influence of Confucianism in the Huaxia people in the past two thousand years，Aspect of the real system of legal public and private life "。As far as the Six Classics, the study system is concerned，It is indeed a fact。The "Six Classics" with the core content of the code system is indeed "specifically governed"，and lack of attention to the mental work。

Since the Han Dynasty，"Six Classics" is listed as official learning，and Han Tang Jing school formed here。But，Although the Han and Tang Dynasty classics use "the use of ritual and music as an urgency"，But the scriptures deal with related issues，It is difficult to meet the needs of political governance。Yu Jing once pointed out: "Today's" Li "Jing，Taking Zheng Note as Zheng，and Kang Cheng's release of sacrifice，Refutation before and after ... Kang Cheng is the most bright gift，and the meaning of Yu Jiao cannot be exhausted，Therefore, its interpretation of "Sacrifice" ...，Self -conflict。"" On the other hand，Han Tang Jingxue pays attention to teachers and family laws，The portal is strict，Learn interpretation mutual difference、Sutra bet365 best casino games division。Ouyang Xiu once said with emotion: "，Six Classics lost its passage，Once the study is divided into several families，It is also different。"Zheng Xuan" the most brilliant gift "，But his interpretation of the relevant etiquette system has also been "back and forth" and "contradictory contradiction"。From yes，Different teachers、The scholars of the school are ritual and music、Sacrifice and other related systems cannot provide a unified understanding，Naturally, it cannot meet the needs of the ruling class "to rule the world with Confucianism"。

More importantly，After the Six Classics was listed as an official，Study Studies Starting Professionalization。Scholars are not concerned about the Holy King of the Six Classics，Instead, it is based on the evidence、Method of training to conduct expert -based academic research，To obtain political status and economic source。Ban Gu has concluded: "Self -Emperor Emperor's" Five Classic "Ph.D.，Disciples，Set Koto Strategy，persuaded Yiguan，At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty，There are more than a hundred years，Passenger immersed，Zhiye Fanzi，Once speaking to more than one million words，Master to more than a thousand people，Galuley's road is also。"" Politics、The learning of experts -oriented experts，No longer uses the "Tongjing" as an academic pursuit，"People know the training but do not know the classics，Breaking the words without care，San is a sentence and sentence，The technique of stealing is aggressive ... The people do n’t see the people for a long time!

In general，、Training is working method，Taking the road of Luli as a value -oriented，The Han and Tang Classics can not meet the needs of the ruling class "to rule the world with Confucianism"，Also with the physical and mental life of the individual，Naturally, it is difficult to attract attractiveness to excellent scholars，Therefore, it is bound to be caught in "Confucianism and indifferent，Unable to pack "。

　　The establishment of the "Four Books" and its meaning

As Zhu Zi said in the "Confucian Sequence": "The Xi of the Confucian Confucianism，Its contribution is not useful in elementary school;，It is too high and has no authenticity。"on one side，Confucianism needs to face the "Confucianism with Confucianism、The challenge of the division of labor and Buddhism with the mind of Buddhism and Buddhism; on the other hand,，Traditional classics cannot provide a basis for the penetration of the mind and the world，Bet365 app download This determines that the Confucian classic system must be updated。The establishment of a new classic system of "Four Books"，It is to take this pair of tasks，The core of the task is how to provide a reasonable governance of the world。The question lies in，Can the Four Books take on this task? This requires a brief analysis of each classic content and function in the "Four Books" system。

Zhu Zi once said: "Someone reads" University "first，to determine its scale; the second reading "The Analects"，to establish its fundamental; I read "Mencius" for the second time，To observe its hair Vietn，To seek the delicateness of the ancients。"" In this teaching method，Zhu Zi actually positioned the function and significance of each text in "Four Books"。

"Four Books" led by "University"。The first significance of "University" is，It draws the "scale" of Confucian science understanding the Confucian science understanding by trainers such as Zhu Zi。In the "Constitution of the University"，Zhu Zi used "there is a large scale outside，Inside, there are details of their shows "further summarized the characteristics of" University "。"There are extremely large scale outside"，On the one hand, "University" does not only stay in Buddhist minds，Instead of putting the problems it handled in the fundamental structure of the Confucianism of the Confucianism in the family; on the other hand,，It also shows that Confucianism is based on the rule of the world，There is a fundamental difference with the study of Buddhism。and "the details of the show inside" mean，The time of "University" involves the grid -Zhizhi — sincerity，Therefore, it provides a specific "learning order" for self -cultivation.，Scholars only need to "learn and learn，If it is not bad "，That is, in accordance with the entry workman in the "University"，It will not be trapped into the "unrealistic" of Buddhism and the "useless" misunderstanding of the Han Dynasty classics。

In the Six Classics system，"The Analects" is just a biography。But in the "Four Books" system，The Analects of Confucius becomes "fundamental"。From Zhu Zi's view，"Confucius will do the workpiece to teach people" "Confucius teach people to cooperate with them"，Therefore，As a teaching record of Confucius，"The Analects of Confucius"，It is nothing more than fuck、The essence of cultivation "。、Concerning is specific direction，Make "The Analects" bet365 Play online games has its own characteristics，As a result with the study of the Han and Tang scriptures、Fundamental differences of the learning of training，It provides "fundamental" guidelines and guarantees for the self -cultivation of the individual。

The upgrade of "Mencius" is a major event in the history of the Tang and Song dynasties。Zhu Zi and other philosophers attach importance to "Mencius"，On the one hand, its theory of sexuality constitutes the basis for the theory of sexuality of science to criticize Buddhism.，On the other hand, it provides an important foundation for the reconstruction of Confucianism for the reconstruction of the Confucianism。It is in this sense，Zhu Zi said, "Mencius always raised，First of all, you must be consciously losing，But do you work hard "。

"The Golden Mean" has a special significance in the "Four Books" system。The two -way once said "" The Golden Mean "is Confucius Teaching Mind"，In the "Mean Chapters"，Zhu Zi emphasized that the core content of "The Golden Mean" is actually explaining the "Taoism" of "Ancient Sacred Gods"，The core of this uniform is "people's heart is dangerous、Dao Xinwei，Only Jingwei，Yun Zhijuezhong "is" Taoism "for specific content。Zhu Zi further explained Taoism as a necessity for governing the mind、The work system that integrates specific ways to enter the road。And this time，is "Yao、Shun、The secret of the passage of Yu "，It is "the essence of thousands of holy phases to pass the mind"。Therefore，Political subjects can only be self -cultivation in accordance with this "mental method"，can we "explore the flow and go out to rule the road"，So "the prosperity of Yao Shun"。From Zhu Zi's view，Only the governance provided by "The Golden Mean"，can we truly realize the penetration of the governance and governing the world，So you will not be caught in the Buddhist "governing the heart and the country in the world"，and provide a heart -level guarantee for a reasonable human order。This is also the special and "subtle" of "The Golden Mean"。

What needs attention is，On the one hand，Because Buddhism advocates "the heart of the Buddha、Cover the world with Confucianism "，And the scientist "wants to suppress the sharpness of the floating slaughter，Show my way of all the way of "here"，Therefore, the new classics formed based on the "Four Books" must be a Confucianism -style learning。But this Confucianism is consciously and consciously with "Never Extraction、Anprovald in Buddha "Zen mind or" bet365 Play online games invention of the heart "type of Zen science and Confucianism is separated，Therefore, Zhu Zi emphasized "what I was sent，Do not get over between language and words "，and consciously build this kind of mind on classic texts such as "Four Books"，without trying to abolish the scriptures like Zen or Lu Wang's heart learning、Discretion of Jingxue，but update、Reconstruction of Classics。On the other hand，This new scientific study is the overall direction of solving the integrity of the governance and governing the world，Therefore, there is a strong political philosophy color，But "University" clearly pointed out "Since Tianzi and even the people，One is all the self -cultivation "，Zhu Zi also emphasized "the sage is a" university "，It is necessary to make people enter the domain of the sage "。Therefore，This new classics is not just open to political subjects，but open to all subjects，Provide a basis for the self -cultivation of all people。This is also the fundamental of "Four Books" that can replace traditional classics and become the core of the Confucianism after the Song Dynasty。

　　(Author is an associate professor at the School of Philosophy of Shaanxi Normal University)