Filialism and Education are important contents of the Confucian and Mencius thoughts，But their status and performance in Confucius and Mencius are different。When Confucius discussed the question of "where filial piety came from"，Propose two ways，Two principles in the thought of Kong and Meng's filial piety，That is the principles of peer nature and autonomy，They provide theoretical support for Confucianism from two aspects。Council of the filial piety thoughts and educational claims through inspection of Confucius and Mencius，helps to deeply understand the connection and difference between Confucius and Mencius thought，On this basis, it can deepen the understanding of the relationship between Confucian filial piety and education.。

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As the founder of the Confucian School，Confucius (BC 552-479) Born in the Spring and Autumn Period (722-480 BC)，The most significant characteristic of politics and culture in the Spring and Autumn Period is the "ritual and bad and happy collapse"，That is, the "ritual" as a political and cultural order gradually loses the function of the system and behavior specifications，It does not match the name、Social Order。Confucius believes that the disorder of society comes from the confusion of fame，Genzi lies in people's restless points，Therefore, the order of reconstruction must also start with people。but but，Because the gift specifies the specifications of people with different identities，But there is no regulation of people in the general sense and demonstrating its legitimacy and finding its implementation paths，For this，He proposed the concept of "benevolence"，The inherent regulations that use the benevolent as a person，Cheng Ren as the direction of the efforts of self -improvement。filial piety is "the foundation of benevolence"，That is to say, filial piety is the foundation of people's standing。This will put benevolence in interpersonal relationships，Make Cheng Ren's efforts has a practical work。

People are between people -first in the family -become a person。The most important relationship in the family is the relationship Bet365 app download between father and son，Xiao is the ethical requirements of the ritual pair，This will be implemented in the family when the order is reconstructed from people。The family becomes a base for order reconstruction，filial piety has become the most important morality。According to the above,，The position of filial piety in Confucius thought is presented along such a clue: Confucius advocates ritual rule，Reconstruction of the ceremony，Setting the gift above the benevolence，That is the content of Li Ren as the content，filial piety is "the foundation of benevolence"。Li Zhi takes family as the base，The most important relationship in the family is the relationship between father and son，According to the requirements of the ceremony，Family Father Filial Piety。From this，The beginning of the filial piety to become the ritual。

Mencius is promised by Confucius' heirs，And after the Confucius, the Confucianism is carried forward。Mencius lives in the middle of the Warring States Period，The competition between the princes at that time has changed from hegemony to the king，Royal and Music collapse is out of reaching，Weepa's decline is not allowed。Frequently and unprecedented wars，The situation at the time seemed to be "the king is not doing，No one who has not been neglected at this time;，Not even more than those at this time "。Therefore，Compared with Confucius，The focus of the reconstruction of order was put on the rulers，Overlooking them to do the king of the king with "one day"。The specific content of Wang Dao is benevolence，and the benevolent politics is pushed by the ruler's heart。Mencius thinks，The formation of benevolence，It is growing from the "conscience" and "good energy" that everyone can learn from everyone's "do not learn"。Therefore，The relationship between filial piety and benevolence，His point of view is directly filial piety: "Kiss，Ren Ye ";" Renzhi，Conscience is also "。At Mencius，Filial piety from the beginning of the "expand to the highest manifestation of virtue"。Therefore，In the Confucian Mencius Thought，Filial piety with their political claims through the association with the theory of mind (Ren Ren) (Li Zhi、Benevolence) Related。It can be said，"filial piety" is a foundation stone for their thoughts。

　　Where does filial piety come from

Since Confucius，The beginning of filial piety，So，Where is the basis of filial piety or filial piety? Confucius believes that filial piety is derived from the gratitude of his children for his parents。This can be clearly seen from his answer to three years of funeral。

　　slaughter me to ask: "Three -year funeral，I have been for a long time。A gentleman is not a gift for three years，Li must be bad;，Le will be broken。Old Valley neither，New Valley is promoted，Drilling 燧 Fire，Phase can be stunned。"Zi said:" Foody rice，Yi Fujin，Yu Nu'an? "Said:" An。"" Women An，。The residence of the husband and gentleman，Food is not willing，Smelly，Unstable residence，Therefore, not also。Today's Nu'an，is it! "Slaughter me。Zi said: "Yu Zhi is not benevolent! Zi Sheng three years，Then avoid parents' arms。Funeral of three years of husband，The mourning of the world also。You also have three years of love for his parents! "

Confucius believes that the basis for three years of funeral is "three years of child life，Then avoid parents' arms "，Therefore, "Three -year funeral，The mourning of the world also "。From this statement，Filial piety is a feedback emotion and behavior that children accept (raising) and then paid (healthy and dead)。Another，It is worth noting that，This paragraph involves the relationship between filial bet365 best casino games piety and benevolence。In this discussion，Starting from a practical perspective，I feel that the three -year funeral time is too long，Three years of funeral may lead to rituals and landslides。Confucius' claims of him are not available，But ask him if he eats the rice jacket during the funeral period。Why did Confucius ask this? This is because in Confucius，The ceremony is not a formal ritual，Instead of expressions of the inner emotion。Therefore，The restraint of the ritual to the person is actually based on the inner heart。Because of this，After answering "Ann"，Confucius said, "Women An，is it "，Only sigh of disappointment after he leaves，Say slaughtering "not benevolent"，Its specific content is to say that Zai Yu has no "three -year love" for parents。This conversation starts with the discussion ceremony，But the foothold is in benevolence and love，It is indicating that the concept of Confucius Li is based on benevolence，and Ren starts from filial piety。In this way, Confucius associates ceremony with the prescribed person with benevolence，Make it root from human itself，Find the legitimacy of the gift，Breaking the benevolence and filial piety，Find the ethical basis from the fact that people are related to people and the common sense of people contained in this fact。

Confucius from the family、Find the basis of filial piety in interpersonal relationships，Flowing filial piety as the children's gratitude -based emotional and behavioral performance of the children's gratitude。This kind of peer sexual intercourse is in line with people's common sense，It has strong persuasion and feasibility in life practice。But its problem lies in，It is difficult to face "If the father is not kind，Based on the principle of peering，How to filial piety。So，Ren must be based on the principles of autonomy beyond the principle of peer nature，That is, whether the father is kind or not，Son is still with filial piety。Its inner basis is the prescribed that filial piety itself is regarded as humans -Mencius is claiming this。

Mencius is the same as Confucius，I also think that benevolent is the prescribed person，He said "Ren Ye，People too "。This means that benevolent is a unique prescribed as a person。The difference is，Confucius regards filial piety as the beginning of benevolence，Mencius directly tied filial piety with people，See filial piety as a human nature。He said: "Ren，People's hearts are also ";" Benevolence to father and son ...，A gentleman does not mean life。"" "Fate" in Mencius mainly refers to the field that cannot be done by himself (such as the wealthy and poor)。Since this is the case，These are things that you do n’t need to deliberately pursue with your heart。"Sex" in Mencius belongs to the field where people can do it by themselves，The so -called "seeking what you get，Lost if you lose it "。Visible，The so -called nature of Mencius，The point is not to emphasize that it is born (like people's animal instincts)Bet365 lotto review ，Instead, it emphasizes that it is a person who can't help it，Is it possible to ask for nothing。Therefore，About how to become benevolent，Mencius's inner consciousness。Since he directly associates filial piety and benevolence，When solving the problem of filial piety，Mencius particularly emphasizes human autonomy and does not emphasize equivalent，So when he called Shun's filial piety, he said: "The world will be happy and will belong to himself，Looking at the world with the world，Juda Cao must also，Wei Shun for it。瞽瞍 厎，Can't be a person;，Can't be a child。Shun's way of doing everything，and 瞽瞍 厎。瞽瞍 厎，and the world。瞽瞍 厎，and the world is determined by the father and son。This is the filial piety。"This is the filial piety from people as a person。From Mencius's view，If a person is not filial, there is no person。People are human -based dislikes，It is a person who should be a person who should become a person。Therefore，He said: "The reason why people are different from the beast，The people go to the people，Gentle Store。Shunming in the 庶，Destiny in people。from Renyixing，non -Renye also。"This kind of emphasis on autonomy should be a manifestation of Mencius's claim。Mencius so -called sex good，means that everyone has a good end。Not only that，Everyone has the ability to cultivate and expand their own good end，From this to make yourself a real person。Mencius thinks，This is the common place between people。As for the degree of realization of good ducts in actual situation，It is because people have different awareness and efforts of people。Due to this autonomous proposition of Chengren，Mencius often feels disappointed and sighs about people's unconsciousness and hard work。

　　Mencius said: "Ren，Human Heart。righteousness，Human Road。Give the way and Effective，Keep his heart but not know，Sorrow! People have chickens and dogs，If you know it;，but not knowing。The way of learning has no other，Just be assured。”

Mencius said: "Today there is a finger of unknown，Unsurded，Non -disease and harm also。If you have a capable person，Tong not far Qin、Chu Road，To refer to people, people are not as well。Refers to people，If you know evil。different heart，If you don't know evil，This is the one who does not know the class。”

Mencius said: "The hungry is sweet，Waterman Gan Drink，Is the positive positive diet，Hungry and thirsty also。Is there a hunger and thirst in the abdomen? Everyone's heart is also harmful。People can be hungry and thirsty for heart harm，It is not as good as anyone is not worried。”

People only care about the "body" of health physiology and ignore the moral "heart"，From Mencius's view，This is "unknown category"，That is, there is no essential difference with animals。

Mencius's autonomy that is dedicated to its sexuality of sex，This should be an inevitable result of the internal development of Confucian theory。Questions about "Filial Piety"，In addition to the principle of equivalentity proposed Bet365 lotto review by Confucius, he put forward and emphasizes the principle of autonomy，Theoretically, more thoroughly。

　　Filialism and Education

Confucius and Mencius are both people with a high sense of social responsibility and historical mission，The ultimate goal they say is to say "Yi Tianxia"，The transformation of the world from chaos (no road) to the rule (Youdao)。Therefore，As mentioned earlier，Their mindfulness theory is on their political claims，Provide the theoretical basis for their political claims。

Confucius advocates ritual rule，Take the gift as the basis for rebuilding order，He created the ceremony above the benevolence through his theory，Ren is the prescribed person of human beings，It is manifested as moral consciousness，That is, put "should be or not" when doing things or follow the meaning of meaning，Not blindfolding。Confucius believes that the politics is fundamental lies in people，The prescribed person of a person lies in "benevolence"，That is the moral consciousness of human beings，This will embed morality into politics。This is here，It is bound to place the importance of "profit" under "righteousness"。but，The usual behavior mode of ordinary people is to avoid harm，That is what Confucius said "villain is good for benefits"。Therefore，He advocates to tend to guide the people with education，Starting from profit -making to righteousness。

Education main body is "gentleman"，The object is "Little Man"，The necessity of education is because of "villain metaphysical for benefits"，The possibility is due to Confucius，Cheng Ren can not only be based on the principle of equivalent，can also be based on the principle of autonomy，This is revealed when he answered Yan Ren Ren。

Yan Yuan Ask Ren。Zi said: "Cerelery of self -denial is benevolence。One day of self -denial，The world returns to benevolence。For benevolent，And people are good! "Yan Yuan said:" May I ask it。"Zi said:" Don't look at it，Non -ritual, don’t listen，Don't say non -ritual，Do not move without ritual。"Yan Yuan said:" Although it is not sensitive，Please ask for the words。”

Confucius focuses on the relationship between benevolence and ritual in this paragraph。Xu Fuguan believes: "‘ yourself ’is natural、Physiological life，‘Celery’ is a breakthrough in nature、Aquatic restrictions of life，‘Li’ in Confucius ’s virtue and virtue inherent in the contests，‘Reunion’ is the value that the virtue that restores people to reveal people。‘The World’ s Guiren 'means that a person has restored his morality by ‘self -denial’，That is, after restoring the benevolent，The world will be taken in my benevolence at the same time。"" "For Reliers"，means that because the benevolent is in the inner spontaneous requirements，Whether you can be benevolent can only be determined by yourself。Yan Yuan asked about your hands，Confucius Answer "Do not look at it，Non -ritual, don’t listen，Don't say non -ritual，Non -ritual, do not move "，It seems to be the words and deeds of the person Bet365 app download with external etiquette，But actually，Ren's ontology is inner consciousness、Realm，With the inner benevolence，It will definitely be manifested in people's external words and deeds。Because ritual is the externalization of human virtue，Ren's performance is that words and deeds are in conjunction with rituals。The relationship between the benevolence and the ritual here is the relationship between inside and outside，is one and two、Two of the relationship。Visible，Confucius said that Cheng Ren is directly rooted in the high consciousness of people to Cheng Ren，Emphasize human autonomy，Therefore, he said, "For benevolence，and people are 哉 哉 "。

Yan Hui is Confucius’s most proud disciple，Therefore, the inspiration of Confucius's benevolence is no longer from the normal way of sexual intercourse，Instead, starting from the person's own consciousness of Cheng Ren, the road of Chengren。This can be regarded as the feasibility solution of two kinds of benevolence provided by people with different qualifications and pursuits。

What is worth explaining here is，The relationship between the principles of equivalence and interests。Principles in the principles of interpersonal communication are actually an exchange relationship，That is the relationship between "acceptance -repay"。Filial filial piety，This method of communication shows a kind of exchange relationship between children and parents (that is, support for raising，filial piety to love)。This intergenerational exchange relationship is the basic way for human survival and reproduction，Reflected the exchange relationship between everyone's rights and obligations at different stages of their lives。From this perspective，Children's care for parents from material to emotion can actually be regarded as care for their future。This means that the principles of peer sex must include the factors of exchange，Social utilitarian color。This should be that it can be generally recognized、A profound social psychological source accepted。

Mencius advocates benevolence，It mainly emphasizes that the ruler must consciously cultivate the expansion of benevolence，Politics in the use of Renxin，It is manifested as a benevolent administration。He advocates human nature，In theory, everyone may be benevolent，But in practice, there are uneven performance。This is what people cannot realize their nature because of their own reasons，Therefore, he believes，So he said, "，Talents can not be raised，So I am happy and my father and brother。If you are also abandoned，talent to abandon，If you are not so good -looking，It cannot be inch in the meantime。"" In Mencius's benevolent proposition，In addition to paying attention to the economy (nourish the people and the people)，Education is also an important content。When he lobby King Liang Hui, he said: "When not against farmers，Valley must not win food。Number 罟 入 洿 洿，Fish must not win food。Ax enters the forest with time，Material Bet365 lotto review Mu cannot be used to use。Valley and Fish Fish can't win food，Forests cannot be used，It is also regretful for the people's health and death。There is no regret for health and death，At the beginning of Wang Dao。Five acres of homes，Tree is mulberry，Fifty people can clothing。chicken and dolphin dog's animal，Hundred acres of field，Seventy people can eat meat。Hundred acres of field，Don't take the time，House of Numbers，You can have no hunger。Church of Ji Xun Preface，Shen Zhi Zhi Filial Pyramida，The whitening person lives up to the road。Seventy people clothing and meat，Li Min is not hungry or cold，But the king，No one also。”

Like Confucius，The education advocated by Mencius is also a gentleman's villain，When he answered Teng Wengong's question, he said: "Confucius said‘ Jun 薨，Listening to Tuzai，Porridge，Deep ink，A gentleman's virtue，Bai Guan has a secret, dare not sorrow，Act also '。There are good ones above，There must be a very good person below。A gentleman's virtue，Wind。virtue of villain，Cao Ye。The wind on the grass must be。"Mencius advocates sexual good，The necessity of enlightenment is that people's consciousness and efforts are different，That is, there is a "ordinary people" who want to "wait for the king and the king"，The possibility is that some people have people's consciousness and work hard，"The Hao Jie" who has "the same king of the king"。

To sum up，The relationship between filial piety and education，When Confucius solves the problem of filial piety,，Principles of peering，Mencius further proposed the principle of autonomy，Provide the theoretical basis for the Confucianism of Education。where，The principle of peer nature solves the necessity problem of Confucianism claims，The principle of autonomy solves the possibility problem of Confucianism.。

　(Author is assistant researcher at the Institute of Philosophy and Central Plains Culture of Henan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences)