Romantic thinker Rousseau is at the same time as affirming the importance of science，Focusing attention to the negative impact of scientific science on social development，It is believed that science has led to corruption of social customs and the degeneration of human nature。Although Marx inherited the spirit of criticism of science and technology，But scientific and technological in the view of historical materialism for inspection，reveals the social attributes and humanities of science and technology，Science and technology as a revolutionary force to promote social progress，Therefore, it overcomes Rousseau's romantic imagination of science and technology。Re -examine Marx's understanding of Rousseau's romantic scientific and technological views，It helps us to understand the view of Marxist science and technology more comprehensive and profound。

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Rousseau thinks，Science originated in the evil of morality，From the "bad thoughts" of people (such as astronomy born in superstition、Mathematics from human greed、Physics caused by curiosity, etc.)，It is difficult to play in social life、Positive effect。Objectively speaking，The development of natural science and related technologies，Indeed with human curiosity and even greed for some kind of inner connection。"Curiosity" of unknown things in nature and urgent needs for satisfying "selfish desires"，It is an important driving force for human exploration of scientific mystery，But this is not the real foundation for the birth of science。

From Marx's view，The true foundation of natural science is not an intangible material、Abstract spiritual power，and can only look for the survival practice of human transformation bet365 best casino games of nature。In fact，The premise and foundation of the entire social historical development and all social relations is "real person"，instead of a person with a unique soul。Science and Technology as an intermediary of human transformation of nature，Can't leave the reality、A sensible person's practical activity，and generate it、The motivation for development is attributed to the so -called "curiosity" drive。

Marx's emotional activity from "real people" starts to examine the essence of science and technology，It is pointed out that natural science and human social life have a common foundation，is labor practice。Humans pass a lot、Repeated emotional practice activities，Summary summarizes the nature and law of changing the development of the perceptual world，Establishing a that conforms to your will、Reality、Objective Ethical World。Therefore，Science and Technology is human understanding of nature、The basic sensual activity form of transformation of nature，is "Book of Books on the Essential Power of People"，It is a public display of human essential power。Marx thinks，Natural science includes science about people，At the same time, the science of people also includes natural science，The value of the person is unified with the value of science and technology，Can't be separated or even opposed。In the process of developing science and technology，The value of the people should be high，Taking social progress and people's liberation as the goal。

　Alienation of science and technology

Since the Renaissance，The rapid development of modern scientific theory and technology applications，It has caused major changes in human social structure and social relations。But，Ethics and morality as the value of social civilization and standardized foundation，But it has not improved accordingly with the progress of science and technology，This makes romantic thinkers feel dissatisfied or even fear。Rousseau thinks，Revival of Science and Art，Make the social fashion "a popular and hypocritical Bet365 app download consistency"，The personality differences between people have disappeared，It seems to be all cast from "the same mold"。Not only that，People’s morality is also "boring" with the progress of science "。Sincere friendship between people、Deep trust disappear，Under the concealment of hypocritical etiquette、indifferent to each other or even become an enemy。

The industrial revolution brings changes to human social life and communication methods，Obstruction people's "natural freedom love"，Make them accept the state of being slavered，On the surface, it becomes the so -called "civilized person"。Rousseau also faintly noticed scientific development and politics、The relationship between society，It is believed that modern science is not a activity that is purely pursuing truth，but "copying" (using) the factors "need to be close to generation" in civilization，Reflects the cornerstone of capitalist civilization，Directly manifested as a high alienation of humans。Therefore，The cause of corruption of social customs except science and art，Perhaps there are "public opinion and politics of everywhere in science and art"。Rousseau's worry about the development of science and technology on human development and the negative effects of moral conditions，Give Marx's great inspiration。Although Rousseau's criticism of science and technology is very severe，Also realized the problem of alienation caused by science and technology，but did not reveal its true root。Marx's critical road along Rousseau Romanticism，Criticism and reflection on science and technology deep into the process of capitalist production。

Marx spending a lot of energy to study natural science and technology，Start with the production process of analyzing capitalism，Demo the damage of the machine's physical and mental health and freedom personality of the machine，Specific performance in five aspects。First, the means of capitalist development and production have led Bet365 app download to the deformed development of workers，Make it a "local person"，Extinction of a machine。Second, women and children become new exploitation objects，The wives and children of the workers are all "thrown under the Zagnat wheel of the capital"。Third, the body and mind of the machine damage the workers，"Multi -aspects of muscles，Get away from all the freedom activities of the body and spiritual and spiritual "。Fourth, the machine invades the living space of the workers，Especially the emergence of new machine technology，Make the employee "excess" in the labor market competition，Then it caused the workers' hostility to the machine。Five is the weapon of science and technology to suppress workers' resistance，Many technical inventions have been used by capitalists to suppress workers' resistance。

Marx's criticism of science and technology does not stay in the science and technology itself like Rousseau，Instead of introducing science and technology into the field of social history，From the perspective of the relationship between people and society，indicate that the phenomenon of machine compression workers is not the sin of science and technology itself，Its root is the capitalist application of science and technology。Marx explicitly pointed out，The miserable situation of the machine itself is not responsible，Because the machine relieves the labor intensity，shortened labor time，and its capitalist application adds labor intensity、Extended labor time。The machine itself means people's victory in nature，But its capitalist applications are caught in the state of slavery。Therefore，Marx calls on workers to distinguish between machines and its capitalist applications in the struggle against capitalists，Political liberation，Really overcome science and technology alienation，Make the workers out of the state of being slavery。

　　Revolutionary forces of science and technology

Rousseau thinks，Science cannot comprehensively and objectively understand and explain the world，bet365 live casino games Can't explain the explanation and foresee that such as emotion、Aesthetics、Moral、Early complex humanistic phenomena such as dignity，Can't solve people、The relationship between the relationship between society and nature。This is here，He fundamentally denied the progress of science and technology in the process of human civilization，embarked on the road of anti -science。Marx agrees with Rousseau's attitude of paying attention to humanities and social sciences，But he criticized his anti -scientific position，revealing the significance of scientific and technological to social development and liberation of people。

Marx's huge role in science and technology in modern social changes，pointed out that modern large industries include natural science into the capitalist production process，greatly increased labor productivity，Deeply changed the world。Wide application of science and technology，Improve social productivity，Create material wealth that exceeds all generations of human history，The comprehensive liberation of people has laid an important material foundation。From Marx's view，Science and Technology will enable human beings to reasonably regulate material transformation between man and nature，Make humans from the rule of blind power，liberate human beings from heavy physical labor，Save labor time，Time to increase freedom time and individual fully develops personality，Time to increase freedom time and individual fully develops personality。At the same time，Science and Technology also changes the way human beings treat things，Makes human mind more soberly face the complicated world。Therefore，Marx regards science as a revolutionary force that promotes in history，Every new discovery in the scientific field，All make him sincere "joy"。He thinks，Natural Science through modern industrial production practice，Entering Bet365 app download and transforming people's life，Prepare for the liberation of human beings。Although he hates the depression of human nature like Rousseau hates alienation of science and technology，But he did not feel pessimistic about the development of science and technology、Disappointed，but optimistically believe that alienation is only a must -have stage for scientific and technological development and people's liberation，Humans will be beyond the phase of alienation，Communist society that enters the freedom of people。

Re -sort and examine Marx's transcendence of Rousseau's romantic scientific and technological views，It has an important revelation for promoting technological innovation in the new era。First, the learning orientation of people who adhere to Marxist science。Marx inherited the basic position of the value of Rousseau Romanticism respecting people，The development of science and technology should be "in line with human nature".，clarifying science and technology serving people、Basic attributes belonging to human beings。Therefore，New era to promote scientific and technological innovation to clearly and adhere to the value position of the people's longing for a better life。Second, adhere to the dialectics of Marxist scientific view。Marx abandoned unrealistic romantic imagination，Adhere to the Material Dialectics，Deeply analyzed the role of the "double -edged sword" of science and technology in the development of human society。Promoting scientific and technological innovation in the new era，To maximize the positive role of science and technology，Limit or eliminate its negative effects。Third, adhere to the historical materialist position of Marxist scientific view。Marx using historical materialism principles，reveals the root cause of science and technology alienation, that is, capitalist application of science and technology，This is the direction for how to avoid alienation in the new era to promote technological innovation，Instead of promoting technological innovation with the socialist system with Chinese characteristics。

　　(The author is the director of the Chinese Social Science Press Philosophy, Religion and Sociology Publishing Center、Deputy Editor's Trial)