Judith Butler is hailed as "one of the most influential feminist theorists"。Her research covers many fields，such as feminist criticism、Bet365 app download Studies、Contemporary political philosophy and ethics, etc.，Numerous。Therefore，Butler also has multiple identities: political philosopher、Ethicist、Queer theorist、Feminist Philosopher、Public Intellectuals、Prolific writers, etc.。Although Butler’s academic interests are very broad，But Bet365 app download studies and body issues have always been at the core of its concerns。In Butler’s theory，Bet365 app download is more like a perspective and stance，To observe the ethical implications of human biopolitics。Butler’s most influential and well-known works on Bet365 app download theory are the following three works: Bet365 app download Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990)、"The Weight of the Body: On the Discursive Boundaries of "Bet365 app download"" (1993) and "Dissolving Bet365 app download" (2004)。In it，She challenges traditional concepts of Bet365 app download，Subverting the male/female Bet365 app download binary，Proposed how Bet365 app download is formed and perceived，And developed her theory of "Bet365 app download performance"。

Feminist Bet365 app download politics advocates the distinction between biological sex (sex) and social Bet365 app download (Bet365 app download)。Biological sex refers to the baby after birth，Anatomically confirmed male or female；Bet365 app download is the different expectations of men and women formed by social culture、Features，And the comprehensive expression of behavior。Feminism believes that there is a natural relationship between the two and is determined。Individuals whose biological sex is male，According to social regulations、Expectations and requirements of institutional culture，To form the so-called "masculinity"，That is, strong、Brave、Active、Positive，And to express the Bet365 app download essence of women by taking them as objects of desire；Individuals whose biological sex is female，It is necessary to form the so-called "femininity"，ie gentleness、Cowardice、Passive、Negative，And to express the Bet365 app download essence of men by taking them as objects of desire。This concept is deeply rooted。

However，As a representative of postfeminism，Butler believes that this distinction is actually meaningless。In Butler’s opinion，The relationship between the two is not inherent.。And，Power and discourse transform biological Bet365 app download into a product of human social and cultural activities through this distinction。Butler’s Bet365 app download issues are not simply Bet365 app download differences，Instead, it is based on Bet365 app download differences，Discussing ways of thinking、Bet365 app download presentation of speech acts and material bodies。And，Butler also questions the biological distinction between sex and Bet365 app download made between male and female。She advocates，In addition to our distinguishing characteristics formed by a set of social systems and cultural expectations，There is no pre-existing biological characteristic。She thinks，The traditional biological view of Bet365 app download may only represent an understanding，There should be other understandings，There are more than two biological genders。To this question，American geneticist、The "five genders" theory put forward by Professor of Medicine Anne Fausto-Sterling from a physiological perspective just provides support for Butler's statement。Professor Anne’s physiological structure based on human sexual characteristics，The five proposed genders are: male、Female、Hermaphrodite、Male bias、Female bias。And，Professor Anne also thinks so，Bet365 app download is infinitely malleable，There may be more than just these five genders in reality。

It is precisely because of Butler’s questioning and deconstruction of traditional Bet365 app download dichotomies，Making the original marginalized、The concealed Bet365 app download identity is revealed。There is essentially no difference between women’s studies and Bet365 app download studies，Even blended into each other，Research for Women，It is a study of human beings。From this，Butler emphasized，“Women” is an eternal proposition that needs to be constantly deconstructed and constructed through critical thinking，The ethics of Bet365 app download difference is not a proposition exclusive to feminism，It’s about how to break out of the prison of others、Never stop thinking。

Butler proposed in "The Dissolution of Bet365 app download"，As a medium for different genders to express their desires，The body is given different meanings。The body is presented as a male and female being，A heterosexual order was formed in this process。The materiality of the body is externalized into physicality，Provide a place for this order。However，Beyond this heterosexual order are the excluded bodies，They are denied materialization because of their contingency。This other position、This external non-centered position is exactly the transgressive experience that Butler is concerned with。From this，Butler breaks down the binary opposition of Bet365 app download，Subverting the original single Bet365 app download-centered theory，Proposed a new view of Bet365 app download—Bet365 app download diversity theory。She thinks，Human Bet365 app download identity is not innate、Fixed，But unstable，There is no hierarchy in Bet365 app download，It is the difference in social and cultural construction achievements。She proposed，Bet365 app download differences should be treated equally，Give individuals equal opportunities to demonstrate their Bet365 app download，This constructs a new concept of Bet365 app download differences and Bet365 app download equality。

Butler’s Bet365 app download theory liberates individuals from solidified Bet365 app download identities，Changing the traditional way we think about Bet365 app download，Provides us with an alternative、Open theoretical perspective，Let us think carefully about those given concepts and ideas with a broader perspective，And prompts us to calmly examine the power words hidden behind those seemingly taken-for-granted thoughts。In Butler’s opinion，The mission of philosophy is to make us reflect、Interrogating and subverting what is considered natural、Self-evident proposition，Then discover the hegemony hidden behind these propositions，Thus providing opportunities for the development and liberation of each individual。

It is precisely because of Butler’s deconstruction of the male/female binary opposition，So the theory of “Bet365 app download performance” she proposed seems quite meaningful。For sex、Bet365 app download、The relationship between the three categories of sexual characteristics，Butler thinks，The connection between these three is constructed through repeated ritualized behaviors，This repeated ritualized physical behavior is what we call Bet365 app download，This is nature、Bet365 app download、The performativity of sexual characteristics。However，Butler pointed out，The Bet365 app download identity of the subject is not given and fixed，But uncertain and unstable，The subject performs through constant repetition，Construct oneself as a subject of this Bet365 app download。In other words，Bet365 app download and indeed all identities are performative。

So-called Bet365 app download performance，People who are not individuals are free to perform a certain Bet365 app download，But "I" is within certain social norms，Under strict regulations and mandatory monitoring，Perform or imitate a certain Bet365 app download，Through this repeated acting or imitation，“I” construct myself as a subject of this Bet365 app download。Therefore，The subject is a performative construct，It is the "subject in process" constructed through repeated performance behaviors。Butler made it clear，“Bet365 app download is the continuous stylization of the body，It is a set of behaviors that are repeated over and over again within a highly rigid surveillance framework”。She particularly emphasized: "Performance is neither a free play"，Not a dramatic self-expression；At the same time, it cannot simply be equated with performance。”The most important concepts here are “repetition” and “reference”。Butler pointed out，Practice through repetition and quotation，Word produces the results it names。In other words，Individuals perform a certain role repeatedly，You can get a clear and consistent identity。Bet365 app download is performed through the constant repetition and reference of social Bet365 app download rules。

Butler in Bet365 app download Trouble，Adhering to her consistent philosophical and critical spirit，Using Bet365 app download performative theory to analyze Bet365 app download identity and desire as a performative behavior，That is, all genders are “performed”，It is an imitation，rather than an essence。The inner nature of what we think of as Bet365 app download，It is produced through a continuous set of behaviors、The body is stylized and stabilized by Bet365 app download。Butler elaborates in "Bet365 app download Trouble": "Performance is not a single act，But a repetition、A ritual，Get its results through its naturalization in the context of the body。Therefore，Subject’s Bet365 app download identity，Whether it is biological sex or social Bet365 app download，They are also systems、Words、Results of practice。”

Of course，Butler as a public intellectual，She wants to liberate not only women，All the oppressed people in the world、Discriminated groups，In her opinion，All individuals should respect each other’s temperament、Personality and freedom，Recognize mutual value，Coexist harmoniously in a Bet365 app download-diverse society。In a sense，Butler’s theory prompts us to think about the concept of Bet365 app download from an alternative perspective，Remind us to reflect on the concepts we take for granted。This is probably the real purpose of Butler’s theory of Bet365 app download performance。

　　(The author is an associate researcher at the Institute of Literature and Culture, Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences)