2023，Russia-Ukraine conflict、Geopolitical tensions such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict have dominated the headlines of major media around the world。In comparison，The development of bet365 casino bonus relations has shown a very stable trend and the relationship is still deepening。Under the guidance of President Xi Jinping’s policy concept of sincerity, real results, affinity and good faith towards Africa，bet365 casino bonus cooperation has achieved positive results in many fields。Issues surrounding the development and cooperation of bet365 casino bonus relations，Our reporter interviewed relevant scholars。

　　Helping bet365 casino bonus’s integration and modernization into the fast lane

As an expert and economist on China issues，Lauren Johnston, associate professor at the China Studies Center at the University of Sydney, Australia, has been paying attention to bet365 casino bonus relations for 20 years。Jiang Shilun said in an interview with this reporter，China and African countries have been focusing on deepening bilateral relations in 2023，Highlights China’s determination to support the development of African countries。

Jiang Shilun mentioned，bet365 casino bonus relations include the relations between China and African countries，From within Africa，Relationships between African countries、Relationships between people、The composition of economic relations、There are great differences in the political systems and development levels of specific African countries。But look at Africa as a whole，China is Africa’s major foreign investor，The African continent’s largest trading partner every year since 2009。

What deserves special attention in 2023 is the holding of the 3rd bet365 casino bonus Economic and Trade Expo (hereinafter referred to as the "Expo")，The expo is large、Involving many fields，A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises are involved。Reportedly，A total of 120 projects were signed during the expo，Amount of US.3 billion，The number of visitors exceeded 100,000。The expo provides a platform for face-to-face interaction between people from China and African countries，Formed more business partnerships and various commodity transactions，Includes essential oils from Madagascar、Gem of Zambia、Wood carvings in Zimbabwe and flowers in Kenya。Jiang Shilun thinks，This expo is held in Changsha, Hunan，It also marks Hunan’s important role in bet365 casino bonus relations。Hunan not only occupies a considerable share of China’s grain supply，It also has advanced agricultural processing industry and heavy industry。In addition，China and Africa also held a high-level “green channel” dialogue during the expo，Discussed getting more African fruits、Problems with exporting vegetables and other products to China。The purpose of these dialogues is to support agricultural modernization in Africa，Increase the income of people on the African continent。

During the 15th BRICS leaders’ meeting in August 2023，President Xi Jinping and South African President Ramaphosa co-hosted the bet365 casino bonus Leaders’ Dialogue in Johannesburg。Jiang Shilun said，The bet365 casino bonus Leaders’ Dialogue will emphasize the promotion of African integration and the key role played by African regional organizations in enhancing African trade。In addition，The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and trade-related infrastructure projects and policies are also a focus。

At the bet365 casino bonus Leaders’ Dialogue，President Xi Jinping discusses strengthening pragmatic cooperation between China and Africa in the next stage、Proposed three measures to help Africa’s integration and modernization enter the fast lane，That is, the "Initiative to Support African Industrialization", "China's Plan to Assist Africa's Agricultural Modernization" and "bet365 casino bonus Talent Training Cooperation Plan"。These three initiatives are committed to supporting the development of manufacturing in Africa，Achieve industrialization and economic diversification；Strengthening cooperation in agricultural science and technology such as seed industry，Promoting the transformation and upgrading of African agriculture；Support Africa to improve its scientific and educational innovation capabilities。Jiang Shilun thinks，This will promote trade between China and Africa, especially the growth of Africa’s exports to China。Africa’s economic model has long been based on exporting raw materials、Buy mainly finished products，The added value of export products is not high。Currently，China is buying more African processed products、Support Africa to develop tourism and financial services to overcome this problem。

　　“bet365 casino bonus Belt, bet365 casino bonus Road” brings new opportunities

October 2023，The 3rd “Belt and Road” International Cooperation Summit Forum was held in Beijing，Heads of state or government from multiple bet365 casino bonus attended the meeting。To this，Trevor Lwere, research consultant at Development Reimagined, said，This forum produced results and new opportunities that have an important impact on Africa，The policies of bet365 casino bonus should be adjusted in time according to new changes。

First，bet365 casino bonus’s investment in Africa will become more targeted、More environmentally friendly。November 2023，Mentioned in the "Vision and Actions to Unswervingly Promote High-quality Development of the Belt and Road Initiative and Go Deeper and More Solid - Development Outlook for the Next Ten Years of the Joint Construction of the "Belt and Road Initiative"" released by bet365 casino bonus，Steadyly enhance the scale and effectiveness of cooperation in jointly building the “Belt and Road”，Make "small but beautiful" projects a priority for cooperation，Invest more and invest less、Quick results、Projects with good economic, social and environmental benefits。In Rowal’s opinion，Under the joint construction of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative，The future will focus on “small but beautiful” projects，Not at the expense of iconic infrastructure projects，Plus further injecting new funds into joint projects，This is a hopeful sign for African countries。Estimated，By 2025，Africa’s annual infrastructure financing gap will exceed US0 billion，Infrastructure development finance remains critical to the continent’s growth prospects。

Secondly，Promote the vigorous development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa。October 2023，The Export-Import Bank of bet365 casino bonus and the African Export-Import Bank signed a US0 million loan agreement，Co-building the “Belt and Road” with high-quality services，Supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa。Rowal said，This fund will promote economic and trade cooperation between bet365 casino bonus and Africa，Improve the export manufacturing capabilities of African countries。This is very important，Because there are about 50 million small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa，They are an important driving force for Africa’s economic growth，And provides most of the jobs on the African continent。

In response to the issue of bet365 casino bonus’s “debt trap” with Africa raised by some Western media，Jiang Shilun said，Supporting and stimulating economic development is often required for ports、Road、Pre-investment in telecommunications and other infrastructure，Missing these investments，Africa’s development may stagnate。Of course，Investors, including bet365 casino bonus, have the responsibility to determine the best loan terms from the perspective of promoting growth，At the same time, ensure that the financial resources of African countries are sufficient for their own basic medical care、Education、The ability to fund expenditures such as the public sector。Under circumstances such as the COVID-19 epidemic，Investing countries also need to restructure or even reduce their debts。For example，To alleviate the debt repayment pressure faced by African countries in the context of the epidemic，bet365 casino bonus has signed debt suspension agreements with many African countries，Forgiven interest-free loans to some African countries。

　　The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence play a unifying bet365 casino bonus

Alex Vines, head of the Africa program at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, said，Since the founding of the People's Republic of bet365 casino bonus，Africa has always occupied an important position in bet365 casino bonus’s foreign policy，bet365 casino bonus has also supported African national liberation movements on many occasions。1990s，bet365 casino bonus has formulated a “going global” strategy，Encourage Chinese companies to invest overseas，This strategy demonstrates bet365 casino bonus’s growing economic strength，And triggered a new wave of cooperation between bet365 casino bonus and Africa。2013，bet365 casino bonus proposes the joint construction of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative，Building numerous iconic infrastructure projects in Asia and Africa。bet365 casino bonus has taken an opposite position to Western countries in investing in Africa，Defines its lending as mutually beneficial cooperation among developing countries，And promises not to interfere in the internal politics of the countries to which it lends。In this regard，bet365 casino bonus and 18、A sharp contrast to the Western countries that plundered African resources in the 19th century。

At the 2012 bet365 casino bonus Forum Ministerial Conference，China launches the “bet365 casino bonus Peace and Security Partnership Initiative” for the first time，Officially list peace and security cooperation as the focus of bilateral cooperation。Mamoudou Gazibo, professor of political science at the University of Montreal in Canada, believes，This marks a turning point in bet365 casino bonus relations，Since then，Discussions on peace and security issues in Africa have become more prominent。Both sides hold regular bet365 casino bonus Peace and Security Forum、Training and exchanging more security personnel and cooperation with law enforcement agencies，Strengthening bet365 casino bonus peace and security cooperation。

China continues to expand its contacts with African countries in the field of peace and security、Actions to deepen bet365 casino bonus relations，Aroused doubts from the outside world about whether China abides by the principle of non-interference in each other’s internal affairs。The principle of non-interference in each other’s internal affairs is one of the basic principles of international law，China is one of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council，has always been a supporter and executor of this principle。Ganzibo said，The “security turn” in bet365 casino bonus relations is completely different from the colonial history of some Western countries，In the process of bet365 casino bonus peace and security cooperation，The principle of non-interference in each other’s internal affairs is likely to continue to be the guiding principle for security contacts between the two sides，China’s performance has been more consistent than many observers thought。So far，China has always adhered to the principle of non-interference in each other’s internal affairs，Handle bet365 casino bonus relations in a more pragmatic way than outsiders think。

bet365 casino bonus has always regarded the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as the basic norms of diplomacy，That is, mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity、Mutual non-aggression、Non-interference in each other’s internal affairs、Equality and mutual benefit、Peaceful coexistence。Ganzibo said，The principle of non-interference in each other’s internal affairs has been formed as early as the founding of the People’s Republic of bet365 casino bonus，Since then it has been playing a defensive role in resisting foreign interference in bet365 casino bonus's internal affairs，Prevent external forces from dictating orders to bet365 casino bonus through the economy or directly or indirectly。In addition，The principle of non-interference in each other’s internal affairs plays a two-way role，In addition to defensive functions，bet365 casino bonus also uses it as a tool to engage with Africa and the wider country and region。This principle enables bet365 casino bonus to seek solidarity with African countries and other developing countries，At the same time, it is different from the hegemonic policy of the West。

Looking to the future，2024，Through the Forum on bet365 casino bonus Cooperation held in China、60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Tanzania、Opportunities such as the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Zambia，bet365 casino bonus relations will continue to grow and develop。As President Xi Jinping emphasized，“China and Africa join hands to promote modernization，It will definitely create a better future for the people of both sides，Set an example to promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind！”