Ecological feminism as a comprehensive theoretical product of the general observation of nature and human beings，is gradually formed in the process of formation of modern feminism and ecologicalism。Since it was first proposed by French scholar Francoosovaz Opani in 1974，Ecological feminism is to think about society and nature、The symbiosis between men and women brings a new perspective，It provides an important reference for exploring the future social development pattern and the common welfare of all human beings。

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The birth of feminism and the influential of the same woman for thousands of years have continued inequality.。It can be said，The ancient history that human beings can test is a history of women's status and space for survival.，Women are excluded from historical narrative as participants as history。Durant mentioned in "The Story of Philosophy"，Ancient Greek philosophers think，Women are unfinished men，It is at a lower stage on the development ladder。In ancient China，then formed a social mode that men are absolutely superior to women。After entering the modernization process，Women gradually liberate from the family to participate in social labor，Create social wealth with men，Get the increase in social status at the same time。At the same time，Objective inequality still exists，​​This prompted more women to think in the process of participating in social labor.。The word "feminist" first appeared at the end of the 19th century，The representative of the French Ou Kilei who fights for the women's election right campaign in the article "Female Citizen"，Use it to refer to the struggle to obtain equal rights for women。At the same time，Female bet365 Play online games doctrine scholars also from politics、Three levels of theory and practice define feminism，It is believed that gender differences are a social difference。

Ecologicalism is born in the discussion of the relationship between human and natural relationships。In the development of human society，The degree of understanding and development of nature gradually deepen。Although the early philosophy of all ethnic groups has more or less reflected the ideas of concern to the relationship between people and nature，But the first century after the rise of industrial civilization，People are still obsessed with the development of nature、Use and control，Naturally gradually becoming a subsidiary of civilization，The operating rules of human society gradually shift from nature as the center to people -centered。The destruction of the environment has spawned ecologicalism，People gradually realize that as a part of the ecological environment，Naturally not the vassal of people，Increasing volume in human civilization、The increasing control of the control today，Still carefully explore the scale between people and nature in harmony。This is not conspiring with the exploration of gender relations with feminism。The difference between men and women is not only reflected in the physiological structure，It is also reflected in the reality of the women's economic and social status brought about by patriarchal systems based on the differences of physiological structure。Under the patriarchal system，Just as being developed by human civilization、Use and destroy the natural environment，Women are not born backward，Instead, after the shape of social consciousness, it becomes a "second sex" outside of men。From this，Ecological and feminism gradually cross，Form a new discipline。

　　The fullness and development of ecological feminism connotation

Bet365 app download Ecological Feminism This term is first seen in the book "Feminism or Destruction" by French scholar Francoisa Opini，She believes that the population of the world today is excessive、The culprit of environmental deterioration is the patriarchal thought。In subsequent works "Ecological Feminism: Revolution or Transformation"，Opuni further believes that the ecological environment crisis faced by humans in contemporary life is fundamentally derived from the human oppression of human beings brought by the risk system。When Opuni initially proposed the concept of ecological feminism，Mainly referring to the existence of women's oppression and nature.，Call for women around the world while fighting for equality and development opportunities，Follow the protection of the natural environment together。Later，Scholars have begun to analyze ecological problems from the social nature of gender differences，The root cause of ecological problems is the exploitation of the patriarchal system，After the dual theory of human society is used to complete the control and oppression of men for women，Human centerism migrates this thinking，Completed the use of human society's use of the natural world、oppression and master。So，The connotation of ecological feminism is mainly in three aspects。

First，Criticism of the dual thinking mode under the patriarchal system and the concept of natural mechanical nature。The dual thinking mode under the patriarchal system tends to divide things into "upper and lower positions", "ontology and others"，Emphasizing the dual opposition between this is the other is。So，Male rule appeared、Women are ruled，Human development and use、The opposition status of naturally developed and used。Ecological feminism is while advocating the relationship between the relationship between people and nature，Emphasize the integrated relationship between men and women，Bet365 app download It is believed that the oppression of women and nature should be broken，Give full play to the power of women and nature;，It should break the dual thinking fixed formula，Build a comprehensive and specific thinking system。Industrial civilization since modern times makes machinery a new perspective for thinking natural，Unlike the "unity of heaven and man" emphasized by traditional philosophy，People start to split all parts of nature to treat，Ignoring the internal connection of all parts of nature，Mechanical Natural View becomes the main source of the ecological crisis。Ecological feminism calls for people to from the perspective of "mother"，Think of nature as an organic whole with vibrant vitality，Breaking the plunder of the natural world of human civilization，Keep the overall harmony of each part。

2，Further exploration of the relationship between women and nature。Ecological feminism believes，The image of women and nature is related to the metaphor of breeding of life，This makes the two have a natural intimate contact。The son -in -law and Gaia who created life in Chinese and Western mythology are the manifestation of this metaphor，The major propositions that naturally breed life are stretched through the specific concept of women among the human group，Women are like the continuation of a natural mother in the real society。At the same time，Under the early human social system，Due to the high degree of participation of women in labor，and an important role in the continuation of the population，Women were once the main body of human society。But after entering the farming civilization，Men's advantage gradually shows，Women's social labor participation time is tired of fertility，Gradually flowing to the dominant position。Uniqueness，Fishing and Hunting Collection in Human Society、After the initial stage of the knife and fire species，bet365 live casino games The development of farming civilization and industrial civilization makes humans gradually get rid of the dilemma of relying on nature，Can develop nature，Naturally, it gradually flows to the dominant position。Women's temperament and natural characteristics are the same category constructed under the system of human centerism and patriarchal system，Women are built as gender objects exist，Naturally becoming the other person used，Women and nature are oppressed by the same force，This further promotes the closeness of women and nature。

third，For man and nature、Study on a new type of ethical relationship between people。Ecological feminist scholars criticize the "rationality" hidden behind modern science，Think that rationality is male to women、The root of the oppression of nature。Ecological feminism believes that it is necessary to use a more feminine care ethics to replace men and women under the patriarchal system、The dual relationship between humans and nature，Let different group units integrate with each other，Build a balance、Coordinated new development pattern。So，First of all, you need to eliminate the object characteristics of nature and women，Acknowledge the objective connection of different subjects，Establish an ethical relationship of equal and mutual assistance。Squeezing the space for natural development without the development of civilization at the ecological level; establish a overall understanding of the natural ecology while paying attention to the well -being of human life，Place the development of human beings in the whole，Forms a new type of ethical relationship with co -prosperity。In terms of the treatment of gender relations，Then you need to get rid of the patriarchal system and oppress the feminine，Prevent the gender relations of the new era from falling into the strange circle of dual thinking，Let the gender become the whole Bet365 app download of mutual assistance，Joint part of the important part of human civilization collaboration、Inheritance civilization。

Ecological feminism inherits the tradition of feminism theory，Criticizing the patriarchal system and dual thinking method，strive to provide a new replacement idea，Leading people to complete the rebellion of human centralism，Real the harmonious symbiosis of human and nature。First，Reflection of human centralism escapes and return to natural homeland。Human philosophy has experienced spiral evolution from conforming to nature to conquest to nature and then returning to nature。Human centralism is a strategic attack that humans launched by the guidance of the patriarchal system after the full development of science and technology，Humanity projected the dominant position of men in social life into the face of human beings in the face of the natural environment，Strive to allow naturally to be a supporter for humans for giving them，But this way of thinking is proved to be unsustainable by the real world。Engels has warned us，Don't get intoxicated by the victory of nature，For every victory，Nature has revealed to us。After failing to experience，People recognize the harmonious symbiotic relationship between humans and nature homes，Ecological feminist ideas will coordinate the demand for science and technology with the public life with the health evolution of nature，Breaking through the traditional way of thinking about the development of nature through the traditional occupation of nature，Find humans and nature、New balance point between men and women。

2，The diversified expansion of the ethics of the female perspective。Caring ethics of women's perspective is a kind of maternal thinking that inherited from nature，With peaceful communication as the main form。A absolute oppression of the patriarchal system based on the sexual oppression between the sexes and bet365 best casino games even the class，Ecological feminism will re -introduce ethics into people and people、get along with nature。In the face of different groups、Different individual relationships，Care ethics of women's perspective can be relieved of thinking from conflict and confrontation，Through the in -depth thinking of nature or mother, find common points，To achieve effective communication between different groups or individuals，Avoid simple rude plunder and conflict and damage brought about。

　(Author is an associate professor at the School of Art of Heilongjiang University)