Jacques Lacan is Freud's firm follower。The 1950s，Lacan shouted the slogan "Back to Freud"，Revised psychoanalysis that has been declined。Dana and Freud's influence on modern feminism are completely different。Freud is recognized，Even the female doctrine is accused of being a female patient with a feminist patient，Its psychoanalysis theory has obvious gender discrimination for women，It is the object that the feminist tries to refute。La Kang is not，He introduced Susuer Linguistics，The language steering of psychoanalysis，At the same time, it also achieved feminist steering，Its psychoanalysis theory is postmodern feminism，Especially French feminist the most important theoretical resources。

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La Kang uses the aftermath of Sosuer's language and symbol theory to revolutionize the traditional psychoanalytic theory，formed its own unique psychoanalytic theory。Well -known，Sosuer's language as a symbol system，The symbol is composed of being able to refer to and pointed out，The former is sound image，The latter is the concept，The combination that can be referred to is arbitrary，The meaning of language originated from differences。La Kang uses this set of theory to psychoanalysis。La Kang's capacity refers to the symbol of Sachel，Only when the difference can be formed with other fingers，and Lakang's refers to "real -existed things"，Is that we cannot grasp，What we can grasp is just the conceptual reality。

Lacan inherited Freud's thoughts，Persist in the core theory of unconsciousness，I think unconscious is the fundamental force of determining the behavior and belief of the person，But based on language bet365 best casino games and symbolic theory，Lacan put forward some new views。First，Freud believes that unconsciousness is chaotic，Full of suppressed desire。La Kang thinks that unconsciously has a language -like structure，It is just composed of being able to refer to，But it can be refers not to point to what you mean，and point to another capable finger，Form the energy finger chain，Because there is no point of pointing，This capable chain has lost stability，Always floating，Swipe constantly，Unavailable。Because the essence of yourself is unconscious，It can only be a language effect，and exist before the individual enters the language，Waiting for people’s analysis。Because the language system already exists before people enter the language，So there is no special、Unique self。Next，Freud thinks that unconsciousness is an existence that people do not understand，But I still try to pass some channels (such as errors、Dream, etc.) Bring unconscious things into consciousness，Give people to finally grasp the possibility of unconscious。La Kang claims，It is impossible for self to know the content of unconscious，Because this "self" as "I" itself，It's just an illusion generated by unconsciousness，or is a illusion generated in language。Last，Freud thinks as me、Self、Super I reaches to balance，The psychology of a person is in a healthy state，Expressive as integrity。Lacan believes that human psychology is always in fragments、Lack of field、About status，Can refer to unlimited sliding，Desire is the abyss without bottom。

According to Lakang's point of view，The self -language effect of the language must go through three stages: the actual memory industry、The imagination and symbolic world。The actual memory industry is the initial state of the baby，A complete and Bet365 lotto review complete chaos state，There is no different consciousness in the baby，Can't distinguish yourself from others or objects。The mirror stage is the pre -language state，Babies start to perceive themselves，But his perception is fragmented，Unable to imagine the complete body。In the early days of the imagination，Lacan set a famous mirror stage，Time is 6-18 months after the baby is born。Baby "see" to your own image，Perceive the separation of the self -integrated world，Start with border consciousness，But the border also means the separation of the same mother，Lack of feeling born。At the same time，Once the overall sense was broken，Following it is the sense of insecurity。This separation sensation、The sense of fragmentation is pain，Babies have requests to return to the whole one。So，Baby builds a complete "itself" with perceived images。Because the baby is actually unable to perceive the complete，So these images are mostly external，Not complete unified，It was just mishafled as an inner identity，and imagined as a complete unity，There is no missing or missing field。In other words，Individuals by misunderstanding "I" as a complete and sufficient，to compensate for the entire one that has been lost。Of course, this setting is just illusion。The logo of the symbolic world is the introduction of language。Language is a symbolic system，Filled the missing，Use symbols instead of missing things，Naming it，Termination of games and sliding at the same time，To get stable meaning。People must enter the language as speaker，and name "I" "I" (i)，Individual identity as an independent existence can be formed。

After three stages，"I" that finally formed on the basis of "itself"，It's just the utility of a language。This is fundamentally different from Freud's self。The bet365 Play online games latter is the physiological sense，Is natural，Therefore, it cannot be changed，It is regarded as a regulation of essentialism。"I" of Lacan is the construction of the day after tomorrow，Therefore, it can be changed。This provides a place for feminism。

　　Social Construction of Women's Traits

One of the core issues of feminism is the reason why women are women? This is also a topic that Freud is very interested，He once said playfully and without prejudice: "Looking at the entire history，People are thinking about the mystery of women's essence ... You will inevitably worry about this problem，As for you women，It is not applicable，Because you are a problem。”

Freud solve the key to "the mystery of women's essence" is Oedipus complex。From the perspective of feminism，Freud's so -called female characteristics are just castration/missing effects，Women are empty，or even no。Lacan attaches great importance to Oedipus stage，But his explanation of Freud disdains the point of contempt，Breakthrough is the result of Freud neurosis。Lacan's own explanation is to introduce the concept of structure，In the cultural sense, Philos replaces the father in the biological sense，Interpreting the sexual triangle relationship in Freud's biological sense as a structure in a sociological sense。Correspondingly，Some core categories are also re -explained。First is "self"，As an identity，It is no longer derived from genetic tendency，Instead, it is built as a comprehensive image and utility，and these images are taken from the external world，Starting accumulation from the beginning of life。Followed by castration，Fear is still the core essence，But not from the punishment from the father，Instead of recognizing the separation of my own mother，It is due to incompleteness、Caused by rupture，What is fear is the continuity of losing "self"。Last Bet365 lotto review desire，No longer the blind impulse derived from biological nature，Instead of the fundamental lack of psychological illusion，It drives the individual to work constantly，until the method of compensation。Obviously，This structure is located in the symbolic world，or is equivalent to the symbolic world。

La Kang's real memory industry is chaotic state，Babies have no distinction of consciousness。Imagination，Baby perception to separation，Those who are aware of others，and the most important others are the mother (mother)，So，Mother/others have become the center of this stage。symbolic world due to the introduction of language，Philles replaced her mother/others into a center。Philles is an ability to finger with priority，symbolize the ultimate power，Can give him the meaning of things。Philles does not belong to women nor male，or women and men cannot have all。As La Kang said: "The setting of the relationship between the subject and the Filleus has no relationship between the same difference between the same sex。"Filler sets the boundary of behavior specifications and desires with the" father's method "，To achieve gender differences，At the same time, the subject is forced to achieve socialization，Boys must agree with the father of the father as the maker of the rules，Girls must recognize her father as her regulator。Both the sex have experienced symbolic castration or loss of complete sense，Therefore, I accepted social rules。La Kang's Oedipus structure is inside each child，In this structure, the child must allow him or her sexual behavior to be restricted by specific rules and regulations and organizational laws，Find her or his position in a specific society。Women's characteristics are only a "position" in the structure，It is constructed rather than biological or any other Bet365 lotto review internal structure，Can be involved and changed。

Feminism，Especially French feminism has developed a core point of view，That is, the spiritual oppression of women is mainly the result of Oedipus，The roots of the language that naturally exists before the baby is born。If you want to change women's gender identity，You have to start from language。From this，Pioneering female words and women writing have become the main task of French feminism。For example，Luce Irigaray believes that if people continue to speak the same language，So it can only be the same forever，So she changed the linear sequence of existing language，Analysis of mental analysis、The elements in literature and mythology are integrated together，Create a complex speech method。Julia Kristeva (Julia Kristeva) believes that women just speak public words，It will inevitably become Philles。She was inspired by the broken effect and semantic mixing of Pioneer Poetry Language in the late 19th century，The rhythm of trying to use the pre -baby language state、Sound tone creates a language without gender differences。Helne Cixous believes that the current language is masculine，It is a whole set of tight organizational structures that deliberately set according to the relationship between men/women's opposition，Women are always placed in a low level below。She advocates the rhythm of returning to human voice、Tone，Find a language that can "speak the body" at the beginning。

The ambitions of these female doctrines now seem difficult to achieve。La Kang himself has a pessimistic attitude towards women's identity: "Women just participated in symbolic order，Among them, she is just an object，This is the reason why its social location has fundamental conflict characteristics -I have to say that there is no way out。The symbol of the order is really bet365 Play online games drowned and crossed her。"" In fact，Lacan's theory is criticized。As the scholars have pointed out: "La Kang's theory of sexual differences is a system of dripping without leakage，People will impose their standardized differences in sexual differences to others，No matter what the other party actually did。The historical content of this structure will change，But the structure itself will always be the same。"，No matter what，Lacan has a real impact on postmodern feminism，And the great ideas of those female doctrines seem to be a little bit unreasonable.，But it has also had a wide range of influence on postmodern literature and culture。This may be the way of creative thinking。

　(The author is a professor at the School of International Media, Tianjin University of Foreign Languages)