In Plato’s view,Human beings are born to suffer,The gods set bet365 refer a friend code at different times out of mercy,To enable people to recover from the hard work day after day。In bet365 refer a friend code such as Dionysus,There will be singing and dancing performances、Sports Competition、Tragicomedy performances and other activities,These bet365 refer a friend code provide a temporary escape from the daily hardships,Get happiness and purify emotions。
bet365 refer a friend code at the festival
Ancient Greek city-states are closely related to religion,Citizens of ancient Greece would participate in regular religious bet365 refer a friend code,Holding a carnival or sacred solemn ceremony。Bacchanalia and Panathenaia are major bet365 refer a friend code in Athens,Often attracts many foreigners to attend。These religious bet365 refer a friend code are also citizen bet365 refer a friend code,Presided over and controlled by the administrator,It is an important part of city-state life。Through holiday events,Can enhance friendship and common emotions among citizens,And develop a love for the political community、Loyalty and dedication。Therefore,Public holidays have a strong moral and political role。
Among the gods of Olympus in ancient Greece,The Muses govern poetry、Music and bet365 refer a friend code,The sun god Apollo is also related to literature and art,The festival of Dionysus involved drunkenness and revelry。Music and bet365 refer a friend code were indispensable elements of ancient Greek festivals。Rhythm and harmony in singing and dancing can bring happiness to people。This sense of rhythm and harmony is believed to originate from the Muses and Apollo,“The gods use this feeling to impress us,And lead us with the chorus,Let us unite in singing and dancing”。In this sense,First education comes from the Muses and Apollo,Closely related to singing and dancing。Plato viewed the performance of the chorus as imitation of characters,Actors use their habits and imitation abilities to express various actions and fates。If the actor’s character matches the character he plays,You will like and praise this kind of choral performance,On the contrary, you will be disgusted。People with good nature but bad habits,Or people with good habits but bad nature,Their praise for the choral performance is inconsistent with its joy。
Large-scale public festivals can continuously strengthen the emotions cultivated in childhood,Chorus of different ages singing and dancing inspired by the Muses and Apollo。According to Plato’s design,A city-state should have three choruses,They must repeatedly sing noble things to the young souls of children,And pass on this saying of the gods: The happiest life coincides with the best life。It means living a righteous life、Being an excellent person with complete moral character is the happiest。But in fact,Doing justice sometimes requires dedication,It may cause you temporary pain。The isomorphism of justice (virtue) and happiness,Needs to be shaped by customs and philosophy。In the three choirs,The first is a chorus dedicated to the Muses,Made of children,They will solemnly sing of noble things and the unity of a virtuous life and a happy life。The second chorus is dedicated to Apollo,Composed of people from teenagers to thirty years old,They will invoke Apollo to witness the truth of this statement,And convince young people to believe。The third chorus is dedicated to Dionysus,Composed of people between thirty and sixty years old,Although they cannot bear the hard work of singing,But the same idea can be expressed by telling myths。The members of the three choruses basically include all men, women and children in the city-state、Free men and slaves,Can make the entire city-state sing about noble things and be intoxicated with them。Songs and dances in festivals play an important educational role,Therefore,Plato regards a cultured person as one who is well trained in choral performance,The uneducated are not trained in choral performance。Well-educated people are good at singing and dancing,But the prerequisite is to sing a good song、Good bet365 refer a friend code。This kind of person can happily express noble things through singing and dancing,Hate low things。
Music in bet365 refer a friend code is of great significance,Plato even called song a "spell" to keep young souls serious,It can prevent people’s feelings of pain and pleasure from becoming contrary to etiquette。Therefore,Poets must compose poems correctly,We should describe the gestures and songs of people with complete virtue in rhythm and harmony。Poets cannot do it just to be funny、Mix and match various instruments to entertain the audience,Let different types of people imitate each other,Catering to young souls in novel ways,And cause the corruption of literature, art and human nature。
Dancing in bet365 refer a friend code
bet365 refer a friend code is an important part of the festival,Plato believed that bet365 refer a friend code has two styles: noble bet365 refer a friend code imitates the movement of the graceful body,Vulgar bet365 refer a friend code imitates the movement of ugly bodies (as in comedy)。One of the noble dances is the expedition bet365 refer a friend code,Imitate the noble body during war,This kind of soul is manly。The other is the peace bet365 refer a friend code,Imitate a temperate soul who is in good condition and enjoys moderate happiness。The Expedition bet365 refer a friend code imitates the movement of avoiding various attacks and projectiles,Like dodge、Retreat、Jump、Crouch,Imitate active attack again、Projection、The movement of hitting。In this bet365 refer a friend code,Imitates a good body and a good soul style at the same time,Keep it correct and dynamic。Peace bet365 refer a friend code needs to be observed in the bet365 refer a friend code of choral performance,Whether a person maintains a noble bet365 refer a friend code posture correctly,Showing a good lifestyle under the law,Whether this is done successfully according to nature。
According to Plato’s conception,bet365 refer a friend code involves more than just body movement,It is also closely related to the cultivation of the soul。bet365 refer a friend code trains people’s brave spirit,It also cultivates people’s spirit of temperance;It is necessary to both defend and attack,We must abide by etiquette and law while also following nature。The movement of bet365 refer a friend code weaves together two seemingly opposite qualities,Guiding people to form moderation、The character of the middle way。bet365 refer a friend code not only tests the agility of the body,Also introduce pleasurable and meaningful forms into various movements of the body,Thus guiding people’s various actions。If people regularly participate in noble dances and their prescribed postures and styles,Definitely familiar with the postures of daily life、Actions and lifestyles have an impact。Festival dances take place in public,Citizens after returning to private life,His behavior、Words and actions may also be potentially affected。There must be harmony and elegance in all aspects of human life,Noble behavior should be the pattern of behavior for all。This shows that bet365 refer a friend code is more than just a ritual or performance,It is also a form of moral education。
Beyond the bet365 refer a friend code of War and Peace,Plato also distinguished a Dionysian bet365 refer a friend code,Drunk man imitates the forest goddess、Pan God、God of the Forest、Satur, half human and half beast,Used to celebrate certain purifications and mysteries。This bet365 refer a friend code is apolitical。There is also a non-warlike bet365 refer a friend code of the muse,From a certain sense of happiness,Intended to revere the gods and their sons,Can be further divided into two categories: one shows people getting rid of toil and danger and entering a good situation,More cheerful;The other is to maintain and improve this state,Has milder happiness。Therefore,People move more in more upbeat dances,On the contrary, the movement will be smaller。People who are better at physical training at staying organized and brave,Body movement will be smaller,On the contrary, the movement will be more intense。Imitation of these body postures,Produced overall bet365 refer a friend code skills。In various bet365 refer a friend code postures,Some movement is harmonious,Somewhat disharmonious。That kind of harmonious bet365 refer a friend code,Showing a good life、A moderately happy person。
The appropriate combination of bet365 refer a friend code and music,can be assigned to various festivals and sacrificial activities,It also becomes orderly and sanctified,Can no longer make changes easily。City-state residents are nurtured by such songs and dances,Characters will also tend to be similar,Taste the same happiness,Live a good and happy life。The movement of the bet365 refer a friend code and its accompanying melody are expressive,Can fully imitate human behavior、Emotion and destiny。Plato believes that educated people should be good at singing good songs、Good bet365 refer a friend code,But not just a skilled performer,But to show the excellence of human character,And take pleasure in this performance。Therefore,The important role of appropriate singing and dancing in festivals is,Cultivate people to form good habits and a sense of joy and sorrow,And then move towards a higher and more complete virtue,Reach the perfection of soul。
bet365 refer a friend code and Emotional Purification
Plato regards pain and happiness as the most basic human emotions,Human feelings of pain and pleasure are consistent with the rational part of the soul,Only in order to form good habits and gradually develop sound morals。Therefore,One of the purposes of education is to train people to form a correct sense of pain and joy from an early age,Always love noble things and hate evil things。But it is easy for people to relax this training of correct feelings of pain and pleasure,Thus leading to bad conduct。One of the functions of religious bet365 refer a friend code is,By sacrifice、“Games” such as singing and dancing sanctify and purify people’s happiness,Rather than just focusing on vulgar or even abnormal happiness。
Plato compared every living thing to a "puppet of the gods"。For the various emotions in the human soul function like tendons or cords,Conflict with each other,Pull people in opposite directions to do different things,Causing people to struggle between good and evil。Human reason and desire will lead people in different directions,It is possible to move towards virtue,It may also lead to evil。In this sense,Human figures are puppets that cannot control themselves,Dominated by external power (god)。But this natural makeup of humans seems random,But it has an intrinsic serious purpose。Man as a puppet of the Supreme Being (God),Meaning that everyone should play the most beautiful thing in their life、The most noble game,That is, offering sacrifices reverently during festivals,Good song,bet365 refer a friend code elegantly。Therefore,Only can a person obtain the love of God and himself,Form a harmonious soul and an orderly community,Perfect your own virtue、Everything goes well。
Plato pointed out,City-states should legislate bet365 refer a friend code,Specifies the time and number of sacrifices。The law must establish separate bet365 refer a friend code for the twelve main gods of the city-state,And name the tribe after him。Tribe members offer sacrifices to their respective gods every month,Hold a chorus、Music competitions and sports competitions。People who seriously play these "games" during bet365 refer a friend code,Only in order to please God。Women also have their own bet365 refer a friend code,Some do not require men to participate。The bet365 refer a friend code of Hades are different from those of gods,The corresponding ceremony should be held separately in December。The festival must have an educational function,Needs to be scrutinized,Legislators to work out specific details。Interpreter of the Oracle、Priests and Priests、The diviners shall meet with the defenders of the law,Work together to arrange things that legislators will inevitably miss。
Plato injects new connotations into traditional bet365 refer a friend code,It is especially emphasized that the singing and dancing in bet365 refer a friend code should express the perfect style of human voice and body movement,Cultivating people to be brave、Temperance and other virtues,Thus facing pain and happiness appropriately。This way,The human soul will not be tempted by base desires and pleasures,Remain noble throughout your life、Elegance and harmony。
(This article is part bet365 refer a friend code National Social Science Foundation’s major project “Research on the Origin of Mediterranean Civilization and Ancient Greek Philosophy” (23&ZD239) phased results)
(The author is a professor at Ma Yifu Academy and School of bet365 refer a friend code, Zhejiang University)
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