bet365 new customer offer symbol also known as bet365 new customer offer symbol，Symbolizes the country’s sovereignty、Independence and Dignity，Building bet365 new customer offer image、Formation of bet365 new customer offer identity、Plays an important role in enhancing bet365 new customer offer cohesion。However，What previous studies ignored，Different bet365 new customer offer flags，Play different roles in political life。Therefore，Discuss the identity levels of bet365 new customer offer symbols from a theoretical perspective，For a deep understanding of the inherent differences of bet365 new customer offer symbols，It is of great significance to effectively play the positive role of bet365 new customer offer symbols in the construction of political community。

　　Types and levels of identification of bet365 new customer offer symbols

bet365 new customer offer symbols are divided into official bet365 new customer offer symbols and private bet365 new customer offer symbols。Official bet365 new customer offer symbols including the bet365 new customer offer emblem、Officially established bet365 new customer offer symbols such as the bet365 new customer offer flag and bet365 new customer offer anthem，As the official symbol of the state on diplomatic and domestic occasions。Private bet365 new customer offer symbols include buildings recognized by the people as representing the history and culture of a country、Artwork、Unofficial bet365 new customer offer symbols in the form of animals, plants and other forms。Official bet365 new customer offer symbols are clearly restrictive，Usually changed due to regime changes or changes in the nature of the country；Private bet365 new customer offer symbols have stronger stability，Less likely to change due to political changes。

Among these bet365 new customer offer symbols，bet365 new customer offer emblem、The bet365 new customer offer flag and bet365 new customer offer anthem play a particularly important role in political life。They serve as symbols of modern sovereign states，Use separately or together on different occasions，It is also a symbol of the country，Frequently appears in various political ceremonies；It is also an important carrier of people’s bet365 new customer offer identity，Directly related to recognition of the legitimacy of the regime，Played an important role in constructing and consolidating the bet365 new customer offer ideology of patriotism。bet365 new customer offer emblem and other bet365 new customer offer symbols were first produced in Europe，Because Europe is the birthplace of nation-states and the modern international relations system。In the process of the emergence and interaction of these countries，The bet365 new customer offer emblem was born、The bet365 new customer offer symbol system composed of the bet365 new customer offer flag and bet365 new customer offer anthem。

With the expansion of European civilization，Modern bet365 new customer offer symbol system spreads around the world，New countries that have entered the international system have gradually adopted bet365 new customer offer symbols that symbolize their own countries。Due to the influence of various factors such as history and real politics，People also have different recognition levels for different bet365 new customer offer symbols: the first level is disapproval，That is, denying the legality and representativeness of this mark；The second level is negative identification，That is, it does not care or does not matter what kind of symbol the country adopts，But do not refuse to use it on necessary occasions；The third level is general recognition，That is, recognition of the official status of bet365 new customer offer symbols；The fourth level is positive identification，That is, the logo is highly recognized as a representative of the country，Proactively use this symbol to express your love for your country。

　　The recognition of German bet365 new customer offer symbols after World War II

Due to Germany’s unique historical process in modern times，German people have different recognitions of different bet365 new customer offer symbols at different times。Germany is a "latecomer" in the European nation-state system，The German Empire was established in 1871，A unified nation-state was formed。The 20th century was a period of great change for Germany，Experienced defeat in World War I、Political turmoil and economic crisis in the Weimar Republic、Nazi totalitarian rule and defeat in World War II、Partition occupation by the Allies、The division and reunification of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Democratic Republic of Germany。Every upheaval leads to changes in the German bet365 new customer offer symbol。Germany currently uses the black eagle as its bet365 new customer offer emblem、Black, red and gold flag and bet365 new customer offer anthem "Deutsche Lied"，The German people’s recognition of these three bet365 new customer offer symbols has also experienced great changes。

Targeting the German people’s recognition of bet365 new customer offer symbols，Research institutions have conducted many public opinion surveys，Use this to observe the degree of identification of the German people with the country。1951，The question in the opinion poll of the Federal German Polling Institute Allensbach is: "Our flag is black, red and gold，Do you prefer black, white and red？”Obviously，This question is very biased。Result，37% of Germans chose black, white and red，20% of Germans choose black, red and gold，43% of Germans think it doesn’t matter or have no interest。This shows that a large number of Germans actively identify with the black, white and red flags of the German Empire in history，The black, red and gold flag of the Federal Republic of Germany is not recognized by most people。This is actually the subsequent impact of the "Flag War" in German history。The bet365 new customer offer Assembly of the Weimar Republic is formulating the constitution、When discussing the flag，Republicans advocate the use of black, red and gold to symbolize freedom and unity，Conservatives advocate using the black, white and red colors of the German Empire。Both parties are arguing，Finally reached a compromise，The flag is black, red and gold，The merchant ship flag is black, white and red，Add black, red and gold stripes to the upper left corner of the flag。In the context of the Weimar Republic's economic crisis and political turmoil，This compromise exacerbated the flag disputes and political divisions of the period，And affect the Federal Republic of Germany。The Federal Republic of Germany inherited the democratic system and bet365 new customer offer symbols of the Weimar Republic，The poll results reflect the positive identification of some people with the historically powerful German Empire，And the negation of the Weimar Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany。Under investigation，Nearly half of the people think it doesn’t matter or have no interest。This negative identification with bet365 new customer offer symbols shows，German people have a sense of alienation from the country or politics，In fact, it is also a crisis of identity with the country and bet365 new customer offer symbols。The reason for this phenomenon is that the people’s patriotism was abused during the Nazi rule，Making Germany’s bet365 new customer offer mood very low after World War II，People remain highly vigilant against patriotism and nationalism，As a carrier of patriotism, the bet365 new customer offer symbol has also been alienated by the people。

　1961，Poll on flag identity in the Federal Republic of Germany shows，53% of Germans choose black, red and gold，An increase of 33% compared with 1951；26% choose black, white and red，11% lower than 1951。This shows，With the political and economic success of the Federal Republic of Germany，The general recognition of the bet365 new customer offer flag and the identification of the country have been improved。

In the Federal Republic of Germany’s public opinion poll on bet365 new customer offer symbol identification，The most comprehensive is the 1965 survey conducted by the Allensbach Institute for Public Opinion。The survey was conducted among 2,000 Germans over the age of 16，Expand on "What is Germany's bet365 new customer offer symbol"。The result of this survey is: 45% of the respondents believe that the symbol of Germany is the eagle (bet365 new customer offer emblem)；26% think it is black, red and gold (bet365 new customer offer flag)；2% think it is the German bet365 new customer offer anthem "Deutsche Lied"，10% think it is other signs，22% did not have a specific answer (due to a small number of respondents giving two or more answers，So the total ratio exceeds 100%)。In this open question，The person being asked took the initiative to answer the bet365 new customer offer symbols they recognized，It is a kind of positive identification。Why are there such big differences in the German people’s recognition of different bet365 new customer offer symbols？

The black eagle heraldry has the longest history，Most recognized by the people of the Federal Republic of Germany。Since Charlemagne，Germany inherited the ancient Roman tradition of using the eagle as the symbol of the emperor。12th century，The eagle becomes the coat of arms of the German Emperor。Common practice in the 14th century，The emperor and the king used the double-headed and single-headed black eagle as their coats of arms respectively。1871，After the establishment of the German Empire，With a single-headed black eagle as the bet365 new customer offer emblem。1919，The Weimar Republic issued a decree，Continue to use the black eagle as the bet365 new customer offer emblem，Removed elements that symbolize imperial power such as the crown，Called "Eagle of the Republic"。1935，The Nazis combined the party's core symbol with the black eagle coat of arms，As the bet365 new customer offer emblem。1949，After the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany，Reuse the eagle of the Republic from the Weimar Republic period as the bet365 new customer offer emblem，Renamed "Federation Eagle"。

The black, red and gold flag has the highest legal status among the three bet365 new customer offer symbols。May 1949，The Federal Republic of Germany promulgated the "Basic Law"，Article 22 clearly stipulates that the bet365 new customer offer flag shall be black, red and gold。But only 26% actively identify with the bet365 new customer offer flag，There is a big gap between the proportion of people who agree with the Black Eagle bet365 new customer offer emblem。This shows，The historical "flag controversy" and other factors are still exerting influence。Polls from 1951 to 1961，The recognition of the black, red and gold flag among the German people has increased，But still in second place。

In comparison，The bet365 new customer offer anthem has the lowest proportion of public approval。"Deutsche Lied" was composed by the patriotic poet Hoffmann von Falersleben in 1841，The melody used is "Emperor's Ode" composed by Haydn in 1797。The lyrics are divided into three sections: the first section praises "Germany above all else"，Full of nationalism，And envisioned "From Maas to Memel，The ideal territory from Esch to Belt；The second paragraph praises the women of the German nation、Loyalty、Elements such as wine and music；The third paragraph calls for "unification、Justice and Freedom”。This song expresses the expectation for German reunification，Also calls for democracy and freedom，Widely sung since the late 19th century，Especially before and during World War I，Become the most fanatical patriotic song。1922，In order to consolidate the republic with the help of German patriotic enthusiasm，The Weimar Republic designated "Deutsche Lied" as its bet365 new customer offer anthem。1933，After the Nazi Party came to power, it continued to use "Deutsche Lied" as its bet365 new customer offer anthem，But only "Germany" is used，Germany，The first paragraph at the beginning of "Above all else" to promote aggression and expansion。During the Nazi Party’s rule，"Deutsche Lied" was played repeatedly，Making this song seriously tainted。1945，Germany’s defeat，After the Allies occupied Germany，It is forbidden to sing "Deutsche Lied"。1949，After the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany, there was a great controversy over the bet365 new customer offer anthem。Whether to continue to use "Deutsche Lied" is controversial，Especially the four places mentioned in the first paragraph of the lyrics that constitute Germany’s ideal frontier are no longer in Germany。At that time，Chancellor Adenauer insists on using "Deutsche Lied"；President House chose "Ode to Germany" as the bet365 new customer offer anthem，But it has not been recognized by the public。The deadlock over the bet365 new customer offer anthem directly affects Germany’s foreign affairs, sports and other affairs，Until 1952，Chancellor Adenauer and President House decided "Deutsche Lied" as the bet365 new customer offer anthem through official letters，But the first two paragraphs involving nationalism and content that can easily cause controversy have been removed，Only sing the third verse，Emphasis on "unity、Justice and freedom”。

Visible，People’s recognition of bet365 new customer offer symbols is affected by historical background、Realpolitik、The influence of various factors such as economic conditions and cultural traditions，will be reflected in different levels。Due to its special history, Germany has become a typical example of different levels of bet365 new customer offer symbol identity。The Black Eagle bet365 new customer offer emblem has always been recognized by the majority of German people，Although it was also abused during the Nazi period，But it did not affect its status in the hearts of the German people。The recognition of the black, red and gold bet365 new customer offer flag is gradually increasing，Sports factors play an important role in this。2006，Football World Cup held in Germany，German people actively waved the bet365 new customer offer flag to express their joy，The stadium becomes a sea of ​​black, red and gold flags。There was a survey on the favorability of the bet365 new customer offer flag，The question is: "When you see the black red and gold Confederate flag anywhere，Are you happy？”As a result, the favorability rating of the flag in western Germany reached 69%，Eastern region reaches 61%，all reached the highest peak in history。In comparison，The bet365 new customer offer anthem was tainted by the Nazis，The degree of recognition has not been high。August 1991，President Weizsäcker and Chancellor Kohl once again communicated through official means，Determined that the third paragraph of "Deutsche Lied" will be the bet365 new customer offer anthem of Germany after reunification。These communications were published in the German Government Legal Gazette，The status of the bet365 new customer offer anthem has improved，But no formal legal status。Memories of the Nazi period and informal legal status，Influenced people’s recognition of the bet365 new customer offer anthem。The changes in German people’s recognition of different bet365 new customer offer symbols show，bet365 new customer offer emblem、The three bet365 new customer offer symbols, the flag and the bet365 new customer offer anthem, constitute a system of bet365 new customer offer symbols，There is internal competition。In the same period，Different levels of people’s identification with bet365 new customer offer symbols will exist at the same time，And in flux，Together constitute an important aspect of bet365 new customer offer identity。

　　(The author is an associate professor at the School of Foreign Languages, Huazhong University of Science and Technology)