National symbol, also known as national symbol，symbolizes the sovereignty of the country、Independence and dignity，In constructing a national image、Forming national identity、Activating national cohesion and other aspects play an important role。But，The previous research institute ignored，Different national signs，The role played in political life is not the same。Therefore，Explore the level of identity of the national logo from the theoretical theory，For in -depth understanding of the internal differences of the national logo，It is important to effectively give play to the positive role of the national logo in the construction of political communities。

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The national logo is divided into the official state logo and the folk state logo。The official national logo includes the national emblem、The official formal set of national logos such as the national flag and national anthem，The formal symbol of the country's cooperation in diplomatic and internal affairs。The folk national signs include buildings that are recognized by the public、Artwork、Non -officially established national logo。The official state logo has a clear limitation，Usually changes due to regime change or the nature of the country's nature; the folk state logo has stronger stability，Rarely changes due to political changes。

In these countries logo，National Affairs、The status of the national flag and national anthem in political life is particularly important。The sign of them as a modern sovereign country，Separate or use it on different occasions，It is both the symbol of the country，Frequently appearing in various political rituals; it is also an important carrier for the people to identify with the country，Direct correlation with the identity of the legitimacy of the regime，Play an important role in constructing and consolidating the national ideology of patriotism。The national logo and Bet365 app download other national logos were first produced in Europe，Because Europe is the birthplace of the national and modern international relations system。In the process and communication process of these countries，The national emblem was born、National flag system composed of national flags and national anthem。

With the expansion of European civilization，Modern national logo system spreads to the world，New countries that enter the international system have gradually adopted the national logo symbolizing the country。Due to the influence of various factors such as history and real politics，The public has also generated different degrees of recognition of different countries: the first level is disagreement，Decisure the legality and representativeness of the logo; the second level is negative identity，I don’t care about what signs adopted to the country，But do not refuse to use it on necessary occasions; the third level is general identity，That is to identify the official status of the national logo; the fourth level is positive identity，That is, highly recognizes the sign of the logo as the representative of the country，Actively use this logo to express your love for the country。

　　Agreement of the German national logo after World War II

Due to the unique historical process of Germany since modern times，German people have different degrees of recognition of different national signs in different periods。Germany is the "late person" in the European national system，Established in 1871 The German Empire，Only a unified national country was formed。20th century is the drama period of Germany，After the defeat of the First World War、The political turmoil and economic crisis of the Republic of Weimar、Nazi's totalitarian rule and the defeat of the Second World War、Division occupation of allies、The division and unity of Federal Germany and Democratic Germany。Each drama will cause changes in the German national logo。Germany currently uses the black eagle national emblem、Black Red Golden Flag and National Anthem "Song of Germany"，German people have also experienced great changes in the recognition of these three national signs。

The recognition of the national signs for the Bet365 app download German people，Research institutions have done many polls for public opinion，To observe the degree of recognition of the German people in the country。1951，Federal Federal Ancenbach Public Opinion Research Institute's problem in polls is: "Our national flag is black and red gold，Do you prefer black and white and red? "Obviously，This question is very tendency。Results，37%of the Germans chose black and white and red，20%of the Germans choose black and red gold，43%of the Germans think it doesn't matter or not interested。This indicates that many Germans actively agree with the black and white and red national flag of the German Empire in history，The Black Red Golden Flag of Federal Germany did not get the recognition of most people。This is actually the follow -up impact of the "national flag dispute" in German history。The National Assembly of the Republic of Weima is formulating a constitution、When discussing the national flag，Republican claims to use black and red gold that symbolizes freedom and unity，Conservatives advocate the black and white and red of the German Empire。The dispute between the two parties will not be left，Finally reached a compromise，The national flag is black and red gold，The merchant ship flag is black and white and red，Black and red gold stripes in the upper left corner of the banner。In the context of economic crisis and political turmoil in the Weimar Republic，This compromise has exacerbated the flag controversy and political division of this period，and affect Federal Germany。Federal Germany inherited the democratic system and national logo of the Weimar Republic，The results of the polls reflect the positive recognition of some people for the strong German Empire in history，and negative to the Weimar Republic and Federal Germany。In this survey，Nearly half of the people think it doesn't matter or not interested。This negative identification of the national logo，German people have a sense of alienation for the country or politics，​​In fact, it is also a crisis of identity in the national and national signs。The reason for this phenomenon is that the patriotic emotion of the people during the Nazi rule，Makes Germany's national Bet365 lotto review emotions very low after the end of World War II，The public maintains high vigilance of patriotism and nationalism，And the bearer of the national logo as patriotism is also alienated by the people。

1961，Federal Germany's public opinion survey on national flag recognition，53%of the Germans choose black and red gold，increased 33%from 1951; 26%chose black and white and red，It was 11%lower than in 1951。This indicates，With Federal Germany's political and economic success，The general recognition of the national flag and the identity of the country have been improved。

In the Federal Germany's polls on national logo identity，The most comprehensive is the survey conducted by the Arenzbach Public Opinion Institute in 1965。The survey is aimed at Germans over 2,000 years old，Expand "What is the national logo of Germany"。The result of this survey is: 45%of the respondents believe that the German logo is the hawk (national emblem); 26%believe that it is the three colors of the black and red gold (national flag); 2%think it is the German national anthem "Song of Germany"，10%think it is other signs，22%does not have a specific answer (because a few respondents gave two or more answers，Therefore, the total proportion exceeds 100%)。In this open problem，The questioner actively answers the national logo they recognize，is a positive identity。Why is there such a big difference in the recognition of different countries' signs?

The longest history used in Black Eagles，Most recognition of the Federal and German people。From Emperor Charlie，Germany inherited the tradition of the ancient Roman eagle as the emperor's logo。12th Century，Eagle becomes the Emperor Emperor Emperor Relief。In the 14th century, formed a convention，The emperor and the king use the double -headed and single black eagle as the heralde。1871，After the establishment of the German Empire，Single Black Eagle as the national emblem。1919，Promotion Act of the Republic of Weimar，Continue to use Black Hawk as the national emblem，Remove the elements symbolizing the imperial power of the crown，Known as "the Eagle of the Republic"。1935，Nazi combines the party's core logo with the Black Eagle Balthalite，As a national emblem。1949，After the establishment bet365 best casino games of Federal Germany，Re -use the Republic of the Republic of Weima Republic as the national emblem，Reform "Federal Eagle"。

Black Red Golden Flag has the highest legal status among the three national marks。May 1949，Federal Germany promulgated the Basic Law，Among them, Article 22 clearly stipulates that the national flag is black and red gold three colors。But the proportion of actively identifying the national flag is only 26%，The proportion of the national emblem of the Black Hawk is large。This indicates，"National Flag Controversy" in history is still impact。Public opinion survey from 1951 to 1961 shows，Black Red Golden Flag has risen in the German people，But still live in the second place。

Comparison of comparison，The lowest percentage of the national anthem recognition。"Song of Germany" was created by the patriotic poet Hofman von Fellersleben in 1841，The melody adopted is "Emperor Song" created by Haydn in 1797。lyrics are divided into three paragraphs: the first paragraph praise "Germany is higher than everything"，Full of nationalist color，And imagined "From Mart to Memel，The ideal territory of the ideal territory of Ethics from Eshi to Belt;、Loyalty、Elements such as wine and music; the third paragraph call for "unified、Justice and freedom "。This song expresses not only the expectations of the unified Germany，Call for democracy and freedom，Since the late 19th century, he has been widely sung，Especially before and during the first and first wars，Become the most enthusiastic patriotic song。1922，In order to use the German's patriotic enthusiasm to consolidate the Republic，The Republic of Weima set the "Song of Germany" as the national anthem。1933，The Nazi Party used the "Song of Germany" as the national anthem，But only "Germany，Germany，The first paragraph of the beginning of the beginning of the aggression expansion。Nazi Party's rule，"Song of Germany" was repeatedly played，This song is severely defiled。1945，German defeat，After the allies occupy Germany，Forbidden to sing "Song of Germany"。1949，After the establishment of Federal Germany, a great controversy caused by the national anthem problem。Whether to continue Bet365 lotto review to adopt "Song of Germany" is controversial，Especially in the first paragraph of the lyrics, the place where the German ideal frontier is in Germany is no longer in Germany。At that time，Prime Minister Ardenner insists on the use of "Song of Germany"; President Hos selects "German Song" as the national anthem，But I did not get public recognition。The deadlock of the national anthem directly affects Germany's diplomacy and sports，until 1952，Prime Minister Adenen and President Hos decide the "Song of Germany" as the national anthem through the official letter，But the first two paragraphs involved in nationalism and easily aroused controversy，Only sing the third paragraph，Emphasized "Unification、Justice and freedom "。

Visible，The recognition of the people's identity in the national logo is subject to a historical background、Real Politics、Effects of various factors such as economic conditions and cultural traditions，It will be reflected as different levels。Germany has become a typical example of the identity of the country's logo at different levels due to special history.。Black Eagle National Emblem has always been recognized by most German people，Although it was abused during the Nazi period，But it does not affect its status in the hearts of the German people。The recognition of the Black Red Golden Flag has gradually increased，Sports factors have played an important role in it。2006，Football World Cup is held in Germany，The German people actively waving the national flag to express the joy，The gymnasium becomes the ocean of the black and red gold banner。There was a survey on the favorability of the national flag at that time，The question is: "When you see the Black Red Gold Federal Banner，Are you happy? "As a result, the national flag in western Germany reached 69%，61%，all reached the highest peak of history。Comparison of comparison，National Anthem is defiled by Nazi，The degree of recognition has not been high。August 1991，President Weitzzer and Prime Minister Korr once again through official communication，Determine the third paragraph of "The Song of Germany" is the German national anthem after the unity。These communications are published on the German bet365 live casino games government legal communiqué，The status of the national anthem has improved，But there is no formal legal status。Memory of the Nazi period and informal legal status，Affects the people's identity of the national anthem。The changes in the identity of the German people's identity in different countries，National Affairs、The national flag and the national anthem three national signs constitute a system of a national logo，Competitive relationships in the interior。In the same period，Different levels of the public's identity of the national logo will exist at the same time，and in the change，It is an important aspect of national identity。

　　(Author is an associate professor at the School of Foreign Languages ​​of Huazhong University of Science and Technology)