Since the European Enlightenment of the 18th Century, the modernization history of human society，Tradition and Enlightenment、The relationship between tradition and modernity is always a major theoretical concern exploring the unavoidable theory of modernity。May 9-11，The "Second Sino -Art Academic High -level Forum" jointly organized by the Chinese Social Sciences Magazine and the University of Wusi'an University in the United States was held at Vessorian University, USA。Scholars between China and the United States have launched academic discussion and ideological communication around the theme of "Comparison of the Things"。Dean of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Wang Weiguang, Chairman of the Presidium of the Department of Study, attended the meeting and delivered a speech。

Also attending the forum is Deputy Secretary -General of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher Gao Xiang, editor -in -chief of China Social Sciences Magazine，Professor Michael Roth，Professor Ma Min, Secretary of the Party Committee of Huazhong Normal University，Researcher Zhang Shunhong, Director of the Institute of World History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Professor Chen Lai of Tsinghua University，Professor Madep of Tianjin Normal University，Professor Wu Genyou, Wuhan University，Professor Hanshui Fa at Peking University，Professor Zhang Guangben, Nanjing University，Professor Ding Yun, Fudan University，Wang Limin, the Chinese Social Sciences Magazine, Editors、Ke Jinhua edited for review、Editor -in -Chief of Sun Him，Professor Hayden White，Professor HAUN SAUSSY at the University of Chicago, USA、Professor Frances Ferguson，Professor Akeel Bilgrami，Professor bet365 Play online games Zvi Ben-Dor Benite，Professor Shu Schwarcz, Professor of Vera Schwarcz, University of Vessorian, USA、Professor Ethan Kleinberg (Ethan Kleinberg), including nearly 30 domestic and foreign experts and scholars。

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What is the historical value of Enlightenment? Wang Weiguang pointed out，Enlightenment Gao Yangwen Renaissance Anti -feudal、Anti -theology、Anti -superstition、The banner of the anti -church，provides ideological and theoretical weapons for the political revolution of the bourgeoisie; it advocates democracy、Equality、The concept of freedom，For European Development、North American independence，and Western social progress provides important theoretical support and ideological leadership; a series of inspirational social and political principles it advocates、Value concept，It still has a wide range of influences today，Still people's autocracy to feudal、dictatorship、Ideological weapons of the ignorance forces announced war。but，The essence of the enlightenment of the bourgeoisie determines that it cannot be converted into the common value of all mankind，It is impossible to apply to all the nations and countries in the world。Enlightenment Thought、Enlightenment，What can be provided for people is the enlightenment of history，instead of solving problems for the problem。

About the Chinese experience of Enlightenment，Wang Weiguang thinks，The Chinese understand in the repeated exploration of the Chinese more than half a century after the Opium War: China's development，Not only must inherit the essence of enlightenment thoughts，and try to explore your own liberation road，Can't just copy the capitalist "Enlightenment" mode like Western in the West。It is in this special background，Marxism and the Communist Party of China on the stage of Chinese history，Choose the direction of progress and the correct road of Chinese characteristics。

Significance for Enlightenment Research，Wang Weiguang Bet365 app download said，Today we discuss enlightenment，Not to deny the ideological results of the Enlightenment，Instead, in today's world，Standing at the commanding heights of history and the times，The commanding heights of the development of human civilization and world development，Historically in the Enlightenment itself、Critical reflection，Re -examine and clean up the ideological heritage of the Enlightenment，Based on this, actively summarize and induced the ideological results since the Enlightenment movement，Seeking common deposit in the conversation，Together in mutual benefit，The final construction is more open、More tolerant、Modern ideological system that is more in line with human development trends。We want to look at the Enlightenment from the perspective of development、Look at the Enlightenment with dialectical eyes、Look at the Enlightenment with an equal eyes。(See the full text of Wang Weiguang's speech, see A03 version)

　　Understanding of Enlightenment concepts

Is the Enlightenment a period of time or a concept? Enlightenment has the same characteristics in terms of time and space span，Or is it the concept of specific culture and specific time? Has the goal of enlightenment or unfinished?，Scholars have a diverse understanding of the word "enlightenment"。

Haiden White from the perspective of metaphor，Interpretation of Enlightenment。He proposed，Although the Hegel -style explanation of the concept of enlightenment has had a profound impact throughout the 19th century，It is all the concepts among historians，That is the concept of aesthetics or aestheticism。

Shu Hengzhe believes，In the background of Europe，"Knowledge is Power" in the 18th century French Enlightenment Thought。Here，Thought and spirit have not been completely separated，Belief and uncertainty are still hovering in the great invention of scientific wisdom。Chinese thinkers explore new culture in the 20th century，Not simply received thunderous ideological baptism from Bet365 app download Europe in the 18th century。In fact，They are in the definition of "Enlightenment" and "Awareness"，Drawing on the outstanding local scholars such as Huang Zongxi、Dai Zhen、Gu Yanwu and others' thoughts。

Han Shui Fa believes，The consensus reached by the European Enlightenment can be summarized as a sentence: in all areas such as natural knowledge and human affairs，Reason is the highest principle。This is the first essential meaning of enlightenment。The second essential of enlightenment is the continuous understanding of the rational itself，Including exploration、Discovery and creation。The third essence of enlightenment includes the following points: rationality is not only showing different abilities、Principles and levels，And these areas and phenomena can be discussed separately;，Relations between different rational principles，The association between different fields is usually unclear or practically; many such boundaries naturally surpass in real life，This is theoretically a difficult problem。

Ferguson thinks，One of the most outstanding features of the European Enlightenment is questioning religion。The most aggressive aspect of the radical enlightenment is not to refute religion or simply refute religion as the opposite side。On the contrary，A radical Enlightenment Movement gets special inspiration from the ability to analyze the Bible content，Get strong rational requirements from the analysis of informal resources。

Wu Genyou said，The understanding of the concept of modern Western "Enlightenment" in the history of modern Chinese thought、Use，It reflects the polyness and differences of the concept of "Enlightenment" in modern world history。

　　Reflection and transcendence of Enlightenment

Madep thinks，The core concept of the Western Enlightenment Movement is scientific reason，Although it promotes the development of modernity，But it contains a series of paradoxes，The most important thing is the Bet365 lotto review paradox between the universalism nature of enlightenment rationality and the historical nature of human affairs it to be solved。The negative impact of enlightenment rationality on China is a superstition for scientific methods，and superstition to Western experience and political principles，so that Chinese liberals cannot handle the relationship between Western modern culture and local traditional culture，and the relationship between the modernity of the modernity of the Enlightenment and the objective needs of realistic political and political objects，At the same time, it cannot reasonably identify and abandon the reasonable factors and unreasonable factors in the modernity of Western modernity。

Shu Hengzhe also said in his speech，To surpass the "Enlightenment" of a superficialized worldist。When we look back at the self -confidence of French intellectuals in the 18th century，What they see is when they are intoxicated in human wisdom，The contempt of the shadow behind the sun makes them lose。At the same time，If we try to save the enlightenment of the future，If we agree with the need for critical spirit in the current necessary，We only have the arrogance that transcends rationality。Here，Some concepts of the China Enlightenment Movement may be able to open a way of thinking，Awareness in blind beliefs of human wisdom power first。

　　Enlightenment and China

Ma Min thinks，Although modern China does not have a relatively complete enlightenment movement like modern Europe，But I did experience my own ideological enlightenment process。Where，Readlisting trends that are closely related to the trend of industrialization and capitalism，is a trend of ideological trend that cannot be ignored in the process of enlightenment of modern Chinese thoughts。Modern Commercial Enlightenment Although there are historical limitations，But it plays an important role in promoting China to industrial and commercial society and realizing modernization，It has a historical reference for the reconstruction bet365 Play online games of business ethics today。

Chen Lai thinks，China's political revolution in the 20th century、Ideological Revolution、The Cultural Revolution Movement has forged an indiscriminate relationship with the heritage of the Enlightenment。China today not only rethinks "What is Enlightenment"，You also need to reflect on Enlightenment，To establish a balance between "Continue Enlightenment" and "Reflective Enlightenment"。Today，Greater the great revival of Chinese culture，Ethics and moral system for rebuilding Chinese society，Re -understand the moral tradition of Confucianism，You need to review the uniform enlightenment thinking。

Sun Yi believes，Enlightenment of modern China，Generally experienced the enlightenment from scientific and technological enlightenment to political and cultural system，Then to the historical process of ideological enlightenment。On the surface，This is only a problem of choosing different ideological theories at different historical stages in the process of learning Western;，This is a continuous summary experience、Constant issues that are constantly advancing at the ideological level。

Zhang Guangrong thinks，China Enlightenment as a "event", although it is full of contradictions and complexity，But there is a new relationship paradigm of common rationality and irrational interaction behind it，It can be called "Dialectics that rationality and irrational"。Only through this dynamic Sinicized "Enlightenment Dialectics"，Fang can examine the real nature of modern Chinese enlightenment。

Zhang Shunhong thinks，The still enlightenment involves the ideological transformation and social practice activities of the most vast number of people in China，It is undoubtedly the greatest exercise in Chinese history，Its meaning not only belongs to China，Also belongs to the world。

Scholars participating in this forum are from philosophy、History、Literature、Sociology、Politics and other disciplines，Bet365 app download This makes the discussion of the forum not only the nature of cross -cultural dialogue，And has the characteristics of multi -disciplinary dialogue。Dialogue and exchange of scholars between China and the United States around enlightenment，Deepening the promotion of knowledge，Construction is more reasonable、More harmonious international order，It has unique and important significance。

"Sino -Art Academic High -level Forum" is a small scale、High -level academic seminar，Participants are senior scholars who have important influence between China and the United States，The forum is held every two years，China Social Sciences Magazine and Venceian University in turn to host。The 3rd Sino -Art Academic High -level Forum will be held in China in 2015。