Digital Archaeologists have confirmed that in the early process of Chinese civilization，There was a diversified era of "full star fight"，Civilization between civilizations in various regions collides with confrontation，Communication due to collision，Fusion due to communication，Finally, a diversified Chinese civilization centered on Huaxia Group, which is centered on the middle reaches of the Yellow River。

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Dongyi culture created by Dongyi ancestors in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is one of the important source of Chinese civilization，A brilliant page。Compared with other prehistoric culture of the same period，Dongyi Culture as one of the six major cultural areas of history，Not only has long history，and orderly inheritance、It is integrated and highly developed。Different jobs，In -depth research on Dongyi culture，Not only vividly describes the past，It also deeply affects the present and the future; not only belongs to us，Also belongs to future generations。We want to make the cultural relics collected in the museum、Heritage displayed on the vast land、The text written in ancient books is alive，enrich the historical and cultural nourishment of the whole society。

　　First see Dongyi Culture

"Dongyi" A Oracle Bone that was seen in the business of Shangwang Wuding，There are only two pieces that directly mention the word "Dongyi" ("Collection" 8410 Anti -、"Collection" 40550)。Two oracle bones have been discovered in recent years: "Stupid 夷 方，Dongdian Donghou，Yifang "(" Jai Yan "690)、"Yifang Fang Fang East Kingdom，Dian Donghou，Yifang "(" Ji Yi "689)。These two words are clearly proposed，"Yifang" is located in the east of the Yin Shang bet365 Play online games Dynasty，It also confirms the "Book of Rites · Kings" "Dongfang Yiyi" does not say。

During the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han dynasties，Aliens outside the Central Plains are called "South Man、Dongyi、Beidi、Xirong "。In the later historical long river，Nan Man、Xirong、Beidi has differentiation，Some are co -aged by the Huaxia ethnic group，Some have evolved into today's minorities，Wei Dongyi has been completely integrated and assimilated by the Huaxia ethnic group when Qin Qin。Even when Tai Shigong, who was well -known in Bowen, wrote "Historical Records"，It is impossible to systematically explain the history of Dongyi，until Liu Song Fan Ye edited "Hou Han Book" before Liu Song's Book of Ancient "The Year of the Bamboo Secretary", "Dongyi Biography"。

As early as the early 1930s，Some people in the historical community have begun to pay attention to Dongyi，Such as Mongolongtong、Fu Sinian、Xu Xusheng and others。But 囿 囿 囿 鳞 鳞 鳞、The language is unknown，Some even arrive at each other、Refueing each other，Scholars in this period, despite their hard work，But the understanding of Dongyi culture is always in fog。Obviously，It is not enough to study Dongyi based on the literature.，Therefore, archeological research on physical relics seems particularly important and urgent。

Affected by Western archeological trends，China's first generation of archaeologists began to be committed to exploring the issue of the origin of Chinese civilization。At that time, the national gate was just opened，The rotten Qing government has no time to study what cultural origin at all，Western archaeological community even asserted "China -free before historical culture"，The ancient oriental civilization at best is just a variant of Western civilization，So Antesheng's Yangshao culture "West Say" rises in the trend。

Although domestic scholars do not agree with，But bet365 best casino games completely denied this，But from the discovery of the site of the Qi Chengziya site in 1928。This is an archaeological culture characterized by polishing black pottery，It is completely different from the colorful pottery culture discovered by An's。This discovery provides conclusive evidence for the origin of Chinese civilization，Play important cornerstones for the development of Chinese archeology, especially prehistoric archeology。Li Ji had an objective and passionate evaluation: "Discovery from this site，We not only found a new Duanxu for the discussion of the original problems of Chinese culture，The work of field archeology also has a canable track。Compared with Yinxu's results，Although the Chengziya is relatively simple，But it is the same important。”

　　Establish a cultural sequence

May 1959，The Ningyang section of the Migrant Workers on the Ninopu ​​Highway Reproduction Project has placed some pottery fragments and fragmented relics，Then the Shandong Provincial Cultural Management Office and the Jinan Museum of the Jinan Museum excavated it，Clean up 133 prehistoric tombs。This site was later recognized as Dawenkou Culture，About 6000-4500 years ago。Its early sites are mainly distributed in Lunan and northern Jiangsu region，The colorful pottery technology at this time has reached a very high level，and Shi Ji、Stone Ax is equipped for molding，Social wealth increase significantly，The gap between the rich and the poor。To Dawenkou culture mid -term，Settlement ruins have spread throughout the entire Haiyu area，Late culture to Dawenkou，The peak of the prehistoric civilization of Haiyu。

April 1964，Institute of Archeology (now Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) also discovered "Beixin Culture" in the Beixin site in Tengzhou，Carbon 14 is determined around 7300-6300 years，Mainly bet365 Play online games concentrated in Luzhongnan、Lubei and Jiaodong Peninsula。At this time, the agricultural economy is prosperous and stable，Residents settled for a long time，Formed agriculture -based，Animal Husbandry Breeding、Collecting the lifestyle of fishing and hunting，The members of the clan also constitute a family、Multiple social organization relations such as family and clan。

It is worth mentioning is，The relics of Yue Shi Culture also discovered when it was excavated by Chengziba site，But 囿 囿，and lack of information for comparison，At that time, they did not distinguish these relics from Longshan culture。Know now，Yueshi Cultural Settlement Site spreads throughout Shandong Province and Xuhai area。Yue Shi period，There has been a huge change in society，Compared with the previous decay、Signs behind，If a common cooking device Tao Ding is reduced，Winer (high handle cup、盉、鬶, etc.) and Jade、Yu Dao disappear，Settlement stacking is thin and reduced in number。Fang Hui is proposed in combination with the progress of environmental archeology in recent years，The temperature decreases around 4000-3500 years ago，The main reason for the decline in the late Longshan culture to the Yueshi culture period。

1990，Archaeologists discovered the post -Lee culture earlier than Beixin culture，About 8400-7700 years ago，It is mainly distributed in the mountain plains in front of the northern foot of the Taiyi Mountains。2006，I was surprised to discover the grinding stone and pottery。So far，The archeological world basically builds a flat cave and the post -Li -Beixin -Dawenkou -Longshan -Yueshi Culture，That is, from the prehistoric to 1400 BC to the prehistoric to the beginning of the bronze era, the cultural development sequence of the Haiyu area。Dongyi Cultural District has also become the clearest context of the development Bet365 app download of Chinese civilization、Cultural spectrum is the most complete、The most stable area of ​​basic cultural appearance。

■ Longshan Cultural Eggshell Cup，Now Hidden Weifang Museum。Author/Figure

　　In -depth communication fusion

With Oracle、Golden texts and Jian Yan's excavation documents came out，Coupled with the evidence of the classics，Dongyi appearance during the Shang and Zhou dynasties is clearer and richer than prehistoric。Depending on the geographical location，Cultural exchanges with the Central Plains region and the Central Plains have always been close，The cultural appearance of the two has thousands of connections。Zou Heng、Li Boqian, etc.、Governance、Inlay、Ramping、Divination、Dog、Text and other aspects，Discuss the impact of Dongyi civilization on the Central Plains civilization，and it is in ideology and ideology、What are the preparations for the birth of the Chinese civilization in the social system。

After Yin Zhou Dingsheng，In view of the close relationship between the Dongyi people and the business royal family，Zhou Gong used to calm down Wu Geng's rebellion and once made a big deal，Many Dongyi small kingdoms are destroyed by the trend，Not only "Yizhou Book · Making Solution" has a detailed record，and obtained a lot of confirmation of the inscription。Ru Xiao Shan Yan ("Integrated" 06512)、Da Baosheng ("Integrated" 04140)、Ding ("Integrated" 02739)、Poultry ("Integrated" 04041)、Lucky ("Integrated" 05977) and other devices。Later, Fengbang founded the country，Divided Zhou Gong Yu Lu，Taigong Wang Yu Qi。Lu Guowei Zhou Li is Zun，Implement the "change of its vulgar，Removal Li Gifts "，Qi Guo is "because of its vulgar，Jane Qi Li "。So far，Haiyu area enters the Qilu civilization period，Open the gorgeous chapter of the East East Pioneer。

But in a remote area，Still retaining some countries of people，Larger person is like 郯、莒、Lai, etc.，bet365 Play online games But even so，These little states have been immersed in Zhou culture without exception。For example, the Tomb of the Spring and Autumn Period discovered in Junan Dama in 1975，Whether in the shape of the tomb、Funeral utensils，Even the text style is no different from the Zhou people。Uncle Zhongzi Zhongming "Yang Yang Yongyong，Wen Yu Xia Dong "，It also shows the identification and longing of the Yi people in the spring and autumn of the Central Plains Huaxia ethnic group。

Of course，Dongyi ethnic group after all in history, Zeng Hehe for a while，It is impossible to disappear at once，to "Qin and Six Kingdoms，Its Huai Si Yi is scattered as a private household "(" Hou Han Book · Dongyi Biography ")，It is completely assimilated in the Huaxia ethnic group，Or some of the chaos in the end of the Qin Dynasty，Avoiding the ground to east of Liaodong Peninsula、northern Korean Peninsula，Form the so -called overseas Dongyi。Emperor Hanwu destroyed North Korea and set up four counties (Lelang、Lintun、Xuanzhang、Zhenfan)，The Han Dynasty achieved direct control of Dongyi overseas，This move has profound political significance。

In the Classics of Confucianism as an orthodox,，Although there are sporadic records for Dongyi，But still mixed with a lot of contempt、Degrated content，Like "Yidi's Jun，I do n’t know the death of the summer "，"Barbariax Summer，Weekly disasters also "，Wang Mingjiezhi "，Easy King Life，湎 湎 常，Wang Mingjiezhi "，etc.。Due to the long -term existence of the view of "Hun Xia and Hei"，and many historical phenomena caused by it，It restrained people to study the vision of Dongyi culture。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized: cultural self -confidence is "more basic、More extensive、Deeper self -confidence "，Is "more basic、Deeper、More lasting power "，"China has a firm road confidence、Bet365 app download Theoretical self -confidence、System self -confidence，Its essence is cultural self -confidence based on more than 5000 years of civilization inheritance "。In recent years，The party and the country have given unprecedented attention to the protection of historical cultural relics，We firmly believe that Dongyi Cultural Research will also usher in the new world of development。

　(This article is a major project in Shandong Province Social Sciences "Construction of the Comprehensive Research on the" Dongyi Xue "discipline system (17AWTJ03) phased results)

(Author Unit: Institute of History of Shandong Academy of Social Sciences)