The author of the Ur King Jun Banner/Supply Figure 

World Systems Theory，referred to as WST) was first made by American sociologist Emmanuel Wallerstein。1974，Wo's first monograph "Modern World System: First Volume -the Origin of the Sixteenth Century European World Economy" published by Wwa about the modern capitalist world system series，marks the birth of the theory。

The original intention of Wellestan's concept of establishing a world system is to stimulate the reflection and discussion of the research paradigm in the contemporary sociology community。He is drawing Marxist political economics、Based on the classic doctrine of the French New Year's Academic School，Through a long period of time、Cross -regional research perspective，Macroscopic combing the ins and outs of the rise of western European capitalism in the 16th century，Preliminary explanation of how the capitalist production method is how to make Europe、Africa and America and other regions gradually integrate a huge world economic system，Therefore, the foundation and complex mechanism of forming the foundation formed in the modern world。

Wallestan's long period、The emphasis on the perspective of cross -continent research is basically consistent with the research purpose of archeology in the macro -space framework。Therefore，After the world system theory is proposed，Compared with other social sciences，Archeology, which has always been lagging in theoretical development, has also introduced the world system theory，and have made a unique contribution to the expansion of the theory in the depth of time。

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"The World System" is after Volleristan used to describe the rise of Western European capitalism in the 16th century，Some core countries that account for absolute advantages in technology and capital to economic expansion in relatively backward bet365 live casino games countries and regions in the surrounding areas，and gradually include the latter into a phenomenon in an unequal economic system。Differences according to the division of labor，A core of the world system、Three geographical areas of half edges and edges。The core area is in technology、Market and capital and many aspects occupy an absolute advantage，The edge area is reduced to the raw material of the core area、Low -value -added semi -finished products and cheap labor supply areas，And economically dependence on the core area。Half -edge area is intervened between the core and edge in the political and economic location。

In the world system outlined by Wallestan，Western Europe is the core area of ​​occupying the technical advantages; Eastern Europe and the entire Western Hemisphere are marginal areas，mainly provides raw materials such as raw materials for core areas;，It mainly provides high -cost industrial products (such as silk)、Capital credit and spices。Wallestan thinks，Thanks to modern capitalism and modern science and technology，This world economy centered on Europe -centric in the late 15th century to the early 16th century is unprecedented。This economy is no longer limited to the boundary covered by a nation -state，At the same time with the empire、City State and other political forms are different，Instead, a cross -continent、"World System", which is closely linked by economic bonds, is tightly linked by economic bonds。

In short，The core arguments of the world system theory are mainly: one is the dual -opposition between the core and the edge，One is the dependency of core and edge。These two core arguments are essentially discussed the power relationship between cultural groups。

Archaeological Theory The discussion of the power relationship between cultural groups has been discussed for a long time。The theory of cultural culverts (accounturation) proposed by the earliest Robert Redfield and others，By the 1980s, the average political and physical bet365 live casino games interaction theory (Peer-Polity International Interaction) proposed by the 1980s，Colonialism and post-colorISM, which appeared in the past one or two decades due to the influence of modern ideas and postmodern ideas, respectively appear.，The theoretical model derived from the core topic of power structure in essence。

Only placing the theory of the world system in the context of the theoretical development，It is not difficult to understand why the theory has received great attention from the archeological community at the beginning of its proposal。The impact of the world system theory in the field of archeology is completely beyond Wallestan's unexpected。He is happy to see it in the practice of applying the world system theory after the transformation to the archeological situation，But the point of view of the depth of the world system deepened the world system 5,000 years ago is still reserved.。

　　The development of the world system theory in archeology 

The earliest criticism of the first criticism of the world system theory in the field of anthropology comes from archaeologist Jane Schneider。She thinks，As early as 15、Before the emergence of capitalism in the 16th century，Even the world system has appeared as early as the pre -historical period。But the way and content of the economic exchange of the previous capitalist world system，There is something different from Wallestan defined。other，Schneider also specifically proposed，The characters played by valuables in the prehistoric economic system and its social impact are far greater than large items。

Frankenstein and Rowlands first applied the concept of the world system into the archeological situation of the China -Europe Age era，Focus on analyzing regional remote prestige exchange network，and its profound impact on the local social structure，and reflect on and supplement the world system model。Blanton and Blanton and Feinman's archeological research in the Wakaac area of ​​Central America also shows，The world system model that does not include prestige exchange is the theoretical defect。Economic activities before the Bet365 lotto review prehistoric Central American social group are basically based on the circulation of luxury goods carrying specific political and economic connotations.。Robert Drennan also proposed，The idealized world system model outlined by Wallestan is not existing in the archeological situation of Central America，The role of the trade in the large -scale exchanging network of large life in the cross -regional exchange network in Central America is far lower than prestige or luxury goods。

Phillip Kohl (Phillip Kohl) is proposed based on the archeological data of Central and Western Asia，There have been multiple competitive cores in the nearby area of ​​History，and the relationship between the core and edge is not as "stiff" as the definition of Wallestan，The edge area is not passively under the core control，but full of flexible choice space。Economic links formed between cross -regional pre -historical economic links are extremely unstable，Cultural connection is also very fragile，The duration is also short，These factors together have led to a weaker dependence connection between the core and the edge areas，Therefore, it is impossible to form a typical core and edge unequal relationship。Another，The world system of the bronze era is essentially different from the world system of the 16th century。One of the most important factor is some key technologies，For example, metallurgical、domestication of home horses is free flow，instead of being monopolized by the core area。These technologies often develop and improve on the edge of resources，Therefore, the edge zone often leads the phenomenon in the core area。

Schortman and Urban (Schortman and Urban) Based on the analysis of the archeological data of Naco Valley in the southeast of China，Proposal should be from politics、The dimension of economic and ideology define the boundary and edge boundary，also pointed out that the core and edge areas have incompletely coincided borders in different dimensions。Van Dyke (Van Dyke) archeological research bet365 live casino games based on Chaco Canyon, Southwest, USA，Ideological form may be the core of Chaku Canyon from horizontal differences — the edge interactive network，The rise becomes an important factor in the leading core area。

　　Revelation of the World System Theory for Chinese Archeology 

As one of the oldest civilizations in the world，China's early civilization has always been the focus of attention of the world system research。Some basic concepts of the analysis of the world system actually echoed in the practice of early Chinese civilization formation research，For the formation of the remote exchange of prestigious products and the formation of the long -distance communication network of the prehistoric society、The interaction between the prehistoric world system of Eurasia and the prehistoric world system and its impact on the formation of early Chinese civilization、In many important issues such as the core and edge of the core and edge in the early Chinese civilization formation process，The influence of the world system theory can be seen。

The theoretical model of the world system is consistent with the concept of the "diversity" of the prehistoric culture of Chinese historical culture。If you understand the development process of early Chinese civilization from the perspective of the world system，So the traceability of "initial China" can be regarded as the question of the "when the world system of the East Asian hinterland" is explored，That is, the systematic connection between many cultural groups in East Asia's hinterland is first formed，and unified a relatively independent system。Explore this problem，Need ideology、Economy、Military、Politics and other multiple dimensions departure，Clarify the content of interaction and exchanges between archaeological culture and archaeological culture in various regions、Form、Nature，and its frequency and scale。

It is worth noting that，The period when the qualitative transformation of the East Asian world system is also the beginning of the Bronze Age of China。Cultural characteristics of the core of the bronze Bet365 app download era -bronze metallurgical is the result of remote dissemination of cross -regional remote transmission。During the spread of metallurgy，Northwest China, which is in the world system of East Asian hinterland and the "dual edge" of the Central Asian world system，Because of its unique location and resource advantage，Become the center of bronze metallurgical technology in the Central Plains region。but but，Due to the low degree of integration of internal political and economic structure，The northwest region of the first metallurgical technology center did not form a world system with vertical core -marginal relationship。And this integration process was first achieved in the political body represented by Erlitou culture，This forms a world system that controls the key resources of its edge or half -edge area with the core area of ​​the Erlin,。

After nearly 50 years of development，The theoretical model of the world system has been rid of some 桎梏 and deficiencies in the original definition，Gradually transform into a more open and inclusive analysis perspective or conceptual framework。The application of the world system model in the field of archeology，Greatly expanded the scope of time and space for the theoretical framework。Some eternal issues in archeological research，If the development and evolution of social organizations、Cultural exchanges and interaction、Power relationship、Cultural boundary, etc.，All include the viewing range of the perspective of the world system。But，The perspective of the world system analysis should not be simply understood as pronouns describing cross -regional cultural exchanges or interactive phenomena。"World"，and ideological -based、Economy、Military、"Systematic" formed by the dimensions of political and other dimensions，It is the two essential attributes that constitute the "world system" complete concept。Specific to the situation of Chinese archeology，The perspective of the analysis of world system analysis of the formation and rise and fall of the bet365 Play online games prehistoric cultural interactive network of China、The formation of early countries and its relationship with the surrounding area、Many important topics such as east and west cultural exchanges，All are worth learning from。

(Author Unit: Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)