The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out,Chinese-style bet365 champions league,It is the socialist bet365 champions league led by the Communist Party of China,Having the common characteristics of bet365 champions league in all countries,More Chinese characteristics based on our own national conditions。Chinese-style bet365 champions league is a bet365 champions league with a huge population、It is bet365 champions league that brings common prosperity to all people、It is bet365 champions league that harmonizes material civilization and spiritual civilization、It is bet365 champions league in which man and nature coexist harmoniously、It is bet365 champions league that takes the path of peaceful development。Realize common prosperity for all people,Is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics,It is also the essential requirement of Chinese-style bet365 champions league。Comprehensively understand the importance of common prosperity to Chinese bet365 champions league,It is necessary to distinguish between Chinese-style bet365 champions league and Western-style bet365 champions league,Especially based on the different philosophical foundations of the two。
American political scientist Samuel Huntington summarized eight major characteristics of Western civilization in his book "The Clash of Civilizations and the Reconstruction of World Order": Classical heritage (rationalism、Roman Law、Latin)、Catholicism and Christianity、European Languages、Separation of spiritual authority and secular authority、Rule of law、Social Pluralism、Representative body、Individualism。As Huntington said: "Westerners and non-Westerners alike have repeatedly identified individualism as the main distinguishing mark of the West。”Individualism can be said to be the core of Western civilization。The so-called "individualism" refers to "any theory and attitude that believes that the individual rather than the whole composed of individuals has the central value and basic existence。Individualistic view,The individual can interact with the physical environment in which he exists、Social relations and historical traditions should be understood separately”。This philosophical theory treats individuals as indivisible "atoms",And as the sole entity of society,bet365 champions league follows that all system design must be based on personal will、Personal interests、Personal development as the starting point。The two major schools of modern Western political philosophy—social contract theory and utilitarianism—both regard the individual as the theoretical origin and ultimate goal of political society。Social contract theorists emphasize that the political system must protect individual rights,Utilitarianism emphasizes that the political system should promote personal interests。
The philosophical stance of “individualism” promotes the development of Western bet365 champions league systems but also brings many disadvantages。Philosophical individualism will inevitably lead to the diversification of value systems。Because,Everyone’s pursuit is different,The values are also different,And no one can convince anyone。At the same time,Pluralism can easily induce relativism,Relativism may further degenerate into nihilism。Individualism、Pluralism、Relativism、Nihilism... This has become the internal logic of the development of Western society,Causes various social problems in Western countries: alienation of individuals from family and collective,The meaninglessness of life,Young people are spiritually empty,To the point of drugs、Violent crime is rampant,Wait。In fact,Only by integrating oneself into the collective (family) that is higher than the individual、Society、Society、Country)中,Only then can an individual’s life gain lofty meaning。
There is another important disadvantage of modern development based on individualism,This is the increasing gap between rich and poor in society。The philosophical stance of individualism is consistent with the completely laissez-faire free market。I want as much freedom as possible,The state must be required to interfere as little as possible in people’s voluntary exchanges in the market。However,The free market is not an absolutely fair field,bet365 champions league a field dominated by capital,bet365 champions league a field where the weak adapt to the strong。The poor get poorer、The rich getting richer is the norm in the free market。Therefore,Laissez-faire development of the free market,Highly likely to exacerbate people’s inequality in the economic and social fields,Even leading to intergenerational transmission of poverty。Just imagine,If all educational resources in a society are allocated by the free market,There is no public education system,Then the children of rich families will monopolize all high-quality educational resources,Children from poor families may not be able to afford school。Inequality in education will further affect people’s competition in their careers,And ultimately determine the distribution of people's social status and economic interests。Laissez-faire freedom in the economic field may exacerbate inequality in the entire society,Even leading to inequality in the right to survival。
It is based on the philosophical position of "individualism",The Western-style bet365 champions league path may be a bet365 champions league that protects individual rights,It may also be bet365 champions league that promotes the overall interests of society (such as GDP growth),But it is difficult to propose the development goal of “common prosperity”,It is difficult to achieve bet365 champions league that promotes “common prosperity” for all members of society。
Compared with Western Civilization,There is no "individualism" gene in Chinese civilization。In the Chinese concept,Family、Ethnicity、The country is more important than the individual,We especially tend to understand the world in terms of “family”。It is based on such cultural characteristics,Laid the foundation for the development of Marxism in China,It also provides rich traditional cultural resources for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics。Therefore,Chinese-style bet365 champions league must not be a bet365 champions league that promotes "individualism",But the whole society makes progress together,bet365 champions league for the free development of all members of society;Chinese-style bet365 champions league must be a bet365 champions league of “common prosperity” for all people,It is a bet365 champions league in which both the wealthy and low-income classes can achieve a certain degree of wealthy life。
Furthermore,The bet365 champions league of Western society has experienced the political movement of "separation of church and state",This leads to the separation of political power and spiritual power,Also makes modern European and American countries try to remain neutral between various religious and moral doctrines,Advocates the construction of a "thin" political system。For example,American political philosopher John Rawls conceived a "non-integral" political structure in his book "Political Liberalism"。However,This attempt is likely to be unsuccessful。Because,What Rawls calls a purely political order,It is impossible to escape the limitations of values。
Different from the separation of politics and religion in the West,Traditional Chinese political thought emphasizes the complementarity of morality and politics,Emphasis on the importance of people's virtues and moral theory to political order,Laid the foundation for governance with virtue、Benevolent government and loving the people、The governance philosophy that politics should support the people。Based on this political concept,Laid the historical and cultural foundation of "common prosperity" as the essential requirement of Chinese bet365 champions league。The key to achieving common prosperity is to continue to improve the life prospects of low-income people,Guarantee their fairness in market competition,And build a complete social security system,Ensuring that all basic needs are met。From the perspective of the structure of Chinese society,Differences between urban and rural areas、Unbalanced development issues such as differences between developed and underdeveloped regions are the biggest obstacles to achieving "common prosperity"。Therefore,Eliminate status differences through system improvement,Bridging the gap between urban and rural areas,Especially improving in medical care、Elderly Care、Equality in the supply of educational and cultural products is an important measure to achieve common prosperity。Only when a fair competition mechanism for scarce resources is established within the whole society,And an on-demand distribution mechanism for necessities,Only then can it be possible to truly realize "a secure pension for old age",Young children are educated,The poor have something to rely on,It’s hard to help,A society of common prosperity in which all the widowed, widowed, lonely, disabled and disabled are provided with support。
“Common prosperity” is the essential feature of Chinese bet365 champions league。This characteristic makes Chinese-style bet365 champions league different from Western-style bet365 champions league。Chinese-style bet365 champions league is a bet365 champions league in which the gap between rich and poor is controlled within a certain range,It is bet365 champions league that brings prosperity to both urban and rural residents,It is also bet365 champions league that allows all members of society to develop freely。
(Author’s affiliation: School of International Relations, Renmin University of bet365 champions league)
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