■ Ship -shaped color pottery pot author/Figure

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1958，An unearthed a ship -shaped pottery pot unearthed from Baoji Beishan, Shaanxi (M98: 3，Now Tibetan China Museum)，24.8 cm long，High 15.6 cm，thick 13 cm。The pot body looks like rhombus，The middle part is full，There is a cup -shaped mouth，Bouncing neck。arc shoulder，Symatic horizontal ears，Both ends are sharp -shaped。Oval abdomen，Gradually harvested the small flat bottom。Symmetrical painting between the abdomen between the two ears 赭 black arranges in an orderly grid，Drawfish fin -shaped triangular patterns on both sides。During the Neolithic Times Yangshao Culture (about 5000-4000 years ago)。

Ship -shaped colorful pottery pot is a water heater，kettle items belonging to the portable。The shape of the pot pot is evolved from the small mouth of the small mouth of Yangshao Culture，The mouth of the pot is exactly the same as the bottle mouth of the same period，Putting the vertical bottle horizontally and slightly deformed，Move the bottle mouth to the center of the pot body，Then the symmetrical double ears that were originally located on both sides of the bottle body were moved to the shoulders on both sides of the pot body。Although it is just a change in the combination of components，But the image is refreshing。

Pottery pot comes from the lower bottle of the small mouth.，Not only innovation in practical functions，It has more meanings and decorations。Tao pot wide shoulders，Both ends are raised like a ship's side，Especially the pot abdomen decorative mesh，Extremely similar to the scene of fishing or fishing from the end of the river in the river，From styling design to decorative patterns，All reminiscent of fishing boats、fishing nets、Fishing activities and other water life scenes，Can be called a unique artwork。

This device uses mud sandwich red pottery to pinch plastic，Overall like diamond -shaped，or cloud -like ship shape。Boat is okay，Lingjiao，All products in the water village area。Arc shoulder set symmetrical horizontal ears，Both ends are sharp -shaped，Similar water birds that look like two backs on the water，or the front of the hull and the other stern tail slightly down。The triangle pattern on both sides of the symmetrical grid on the baaalle of the pot belly is the same as the two ends of the pot body，Fishing waterbirds standing on both sides of the fishing boat (such as 鸬鹚)，or like a fin -like fin，Grid pattern is used bet365 Play online games to represent fishing nets。So，This device whether it is determined or styling，All reflect the production and living conditions of ancient ancestors in the water village area。

Bei Shousing Ruins are located in the north of Baoji City、Jinling River West Bank，Archaeological excavation unearthed housing sites、Handmade workshops and tombs and a large number of prehistoric relics，The age is about 7000-6000 years old，is one of the typical representatives of the Yangshao Cultural Settlement site。Site excavated unearthed、multi -scale shovel catfish、Chinese round field snail、Aquatic biological relics such as seafood snails and mussel shells，indicates that the local climate was warm at that time，Good ecological environment。Archaeological unearthed relics Emphasize the production economy of the ancestor of Yangshao in Beishi Ling, mainly agriculture，and the level of agricultural development is higher，The proportion of the hunting economy is large，Less fishing and hunting economy。

Uniqueness，Bei Shousing Cemetery M52 also unearthed a colorful pot pot，Draw a picture of a water bird pecking fish with black colors at the abdomen。The pattern outlines a small water bird with simple thick lines，Holding a large fish tail with a large scale fin，Big fish negative pain looks back to struggle，Water birds peck tightly，Vivid and realistic image，Tight atmosphere，full of life。Ship -shaped colorful pottery pot and water bird pecking，Evidenced by the Baoji area of ​​the Yangshao period is the true hometown of fish and rice。

Archaeological Certificate，Humans have gradually mastered fishing skills from the time of the Paleolithic Age。In the Neolithic Age，The ability of human fishing has been significantly enhanced，Invented fish darts、Fish Hook、Net pendant and other fishing tools，Some places have been built with storage fish cellar, etc.。This period，A large number of pottery is decorated with mesh or fish patterns，It also shows that fishing technology has been significantly improved from the side。Water fishing and hunting operations cannot be without the assistance of transportation such as boat boats，So the canoeing came into being。Ship -shaped colorful pottery pot is an important historical testimony for prehistoric human beings to invented boats to adapt to the natural environment.。

The boat boats in ancient times are all wooden materials，Not easy to save，Complete physical relics are relatively rare。Cross -bridge sites in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River found that there are canoe，is the earliest ancient boat carnion for the so far。Bet365 app download Hemu Du site has also unearthed many different forms of wood paddle。Except for the actual object unearthed in archeology，The image of the boat in the prehistoric rock painting and the pottery boat shape in the southern my country、North、Inland、Different areas such as coastal are found，Show the universal nature of humans in the Neolithic era。Archaeological discovery is a lot related to this，Ship -shaped colorful pottery pot is one of the more typical examples。Ship -shaped color pottery pot as the most classic boat shape，Perform fishing activities in the form of art，It is a true portrayal of people made boats and ships and master fishing technology during the Yangshao period。

Ship -shaped colorful pottery pot conception 巧 巧，Exquisite crafts，Combination with painting and painting，Can be called a model of prehistoric pottery art。Ship -shaped shape、Black color drawn fishing net pattern，vividly reflects the life of the North Shousing ancestors' fishing by boat，Echo the fishing tool unearthed from the site，jointly outline a "fishing boat to love mountains and spring，Cross -Strait Peach Blossom Gujin ... Pingming Lane Sweeping Flowers，Twilight Fisheries Enter the water "(Wang Wei's" Taoyuan Xing ").，Activated the life scene of the ancestors during the Yangshao period。

In the quiet and peaceful hometown of fish and rice，People are made by sunrise，Rate at sunset。Time passes，Time passes，The ancestors of the Bei Shousing with hard -working hands，Created history，Civilized。Ceramics workers with superb skills，I cleverly recorded this precious scene。Although the fishing boat is small，But witnessing history，Condensing civilization。

　　Dog Cow confronts Big Cao Shen

■ Dove first dog barking copper rod first author/Figure

Dahuazhongzhuang Cemetery in Yiyuan County, Qinghai once unearthed (Dove) the first cattle dog copper rotor chopstick (now Tibetan Qinghai Provincial Museum)，high 11.3 cm，10 cm wide。The neck of the 鹫 (dove) is tube，Pole after.，Used to install wooden handles fixing，Dove head flat，ring eye，Long beak。鹫 (Dove) Stand up two cows first、One dog。Mavericks eat milk under the cow's belly，Dog Zhangkou Tail，Barking for Daniel，Big Cow raised ears，A scared shape。This ages are Kayo Culture (about 900-600 years ago，Western Zhou to Spring and Autumn Period) period。

Is it a dog or a wolf on the head of the stick?，The interpretation and judgment of the meaning of the shape of the device is the key。The wolf is a mammary、Meat Eater、Dog Family，Medium -sized body shape、Field，Long limbs。head and pointed，Minister Bet365 lotto review Yan Face，Nose protruding。Tail hair，More developed。The animal head and patterns in the pattern are thick and short，Tail thick short upper upsurge，Not like wolf head and palate sharpness，Tail thick droop，Therefore, it can be basically determined that it is a dog instead of a wolf。If it is a wolf，The style of the entire picture is completely opposite，What it reflects should be a scene where the wolf and the cattle confrontation。Usually indicates that beasts (tiger、Wolf、Lion) Overwhelm of the shape of cattle, sheep, deer donkey，In Inner Mongolia、Shaanxi、Gansu、Ningxia、Qinghai、Xinjiang and other areas are very common，Generally, the scenes of animals such as beasts and cattle and sheep fight，Not category。

1972，Yunnan Jiangchuan Lijiashan Cemetery M24 once unearthed a cow, tiger copper，Taking a strong bull as the main body，Anti -bow cattle back crime，A tiger fluttering to the ox tail，The front paw is close to the case、bow、Her legs stand on top of the beef leg，Bite the ox tail，Tiger Views on the case。Hollow the belly of Daniel，The calf，Slightly revealing the bull's abdomen，Similar to the first shape of the copper rod unearthed from Xunyuan。But the bronze tiger biting the ox tail in the copper 俎，The shape of the beasts and sheep in the nomadic nomadic areas of the northern grassland，and the scenes of the cattle dogs who are confronted with the Copper Staff of the Yuanyuan，Therefore, the meaning of the two is obviously different。

Dogs are commonly known as dogs，Scientific name "Home Dog"，Is a common dog mammalian，It is a close relative with the wolf。The domestication time is 40,000 to 115,000 years ago，It is the earliest domestication animal，Known as "the most loyal friend of human beings"。Dogs are one of the Chinese traditional zodiac signs，It can be seen that it has a wide range of influences in Chinese traditional culture。Dog -shaped patterns were painted on the colorful pottery as early as 45,000 years ago。Dog and Horse、Cow、Sheep、Pig、Chicken and "Six Animals"。Among the grassland and nomadic peoples，Mostly used to help hunt、Shepherd, etc.。The shape of the first dog and cow of this sources of the source，expressing this connotation and meaning，Therefore, this dog should be a shepherd dog。

The image of the bird's first bird，It is also worth discussing。Qinghai Museum and other "River Tibetan Zhenzhen · Historical Cultural Relics Volume" believes that it is a 鹫，Therefore, when the recorder is recorded, it is called "the first cow dog copper token decoration"; or the cloud system bet365 best casino games dove，Calling it "Dove Hats Bar Barcart Copper Copper"。

鹫，A Raptor，Also known as "Carving"，Eagle Department。Body majesty，Beak hook song，Weaker claws，Head is bald。Mao color dark brown，Yellow Head，Chimu。such as vultures、Verflies, etc.，All are large raptors。Vulture belongs to Bird Outline、隼、Eagle Department。It is mainly distributed in Xinjiang in the west in China、Qinghai、Gansu、Ningxia、Sichuan、Shaanxi，Inner Mongolia in the north、Liaoning、Shanxi、Hebei、Jiangsu and Jiangsu in the south、Zhejiang、Fujian、Guangdong、Yunnan、Taiwan and other provinces。

Dove，Ancient Dove Pigeon，There are different types，Ru Dove、Zhu Qiu、Turtle Dove, etc.，There are also non -dove pigeons and dove the name，Rujiu (cloth valley)。Today is the general name of some birds in the dovee family，Frequently refers to two types of turtle doves and turtle doves of pearls。"Book of Songs · Weifeng · Rogue": "Yu Xiu，No food mulberry。"Mao Chuan:" Dove，鹘 Dove also。"" Lu's Spring and Autumn · Zhongchunji ":" Cang Gengming，Eagleization into dove。"Gao Lao Note:" Dove，Gaobu Valley Bird also。"Dove is implantable animal，Short mouth，Soft at the base，Multi -tree living life，Flying。Dove of Dove is many，Broad distribution，Among them, the gray tunch dove is distributed in temperate regions of Eurasia，It is more common in China。

The shape of the bird bird is relatively simple，Bird's head flat，ring eye，Long beak，It is not consistent with the features of the beak of the hook，In the image, it seems to be dove，But the dove's mouth is short，This bird's beak is especially long。This is the reason for this，To a large extent, because of the design of the design of the device，Because a dog that confronts cattle is placed on it，Therefore, it intentionally extend the bird's beak。So，Bird's long beak can be understood as the need for styling design and intentionally exaggerated，This bird is a short beak dove。A Bird Bell -shaped copper rod first，high 11 cm high。Bird's head wide beak，round eye，Long -necked。Bird's back carved with feathers wings。Bird's belly hollow，Eval eight holes，A built -in one stone pill as a dang。Gao Yuan 銎 銎，Piercing Fangkou，Used for installation of wooden handles。This bird's long neck，Hook beak，short tail，It is a bit similar to the image of the sacrifice。

Dove first dog barking copper rod first conceived，Unique shape，On the very small and cramped space of the bird's head，Slimally arranged two cows and Bet365 lotto review a dog。The dog on the left is head -tail，Zhangkou faces the cattle for barking，Daniel four feet stand on the head of the bird，Protect the calf under body，Bull head is facing the dog's mouth，Find each other，Bull ears raised tail，A pair of needles is opposite;，Give people a sense of crisis of "mountains and waters, no doubt"; but just when this sword is tense，Mavericks eat milk quietly under the belly of the cow，Give people the hope of "Liu Dan Hua Ming Village"。Full Figure，A rich grassland herdsman -style life picture is called。

Small stick head，Type of four animals of birds and beasts，Dynamic and quiet，Exquisite design，Concentrated reflects the production and living conditions of ancient herders in the grassland area，Activated Life Scene of Prairie Herders in the Bronze Age，Classic works of bronze art。Well -looking prairie，It is the common home of humans and various animals，Here，Fresh stories are always staged at all times。Carefully captured the vivid picture of this wonderful moment in time，And loyal to it with a smart hands，Witness history，Guarded civilization。Through the head of the stick，Look at the sky of history，It's like opening a long -seated space -time capsule，"Tian Cang Cang，wild vast，The vast grassland of the grassland of the wind blowing grass and the cattle and sheep "，Ears echoed the melodious pastoral song floating from the end of the boundless grassland。

　Multi -in -one Yao Ancient and Modern

Ship -shaped pottery pot unearthed from the north of Baoji Beishang and the head of the dovet dog barking of the Dove of Dove of Qinghai，Different ages，Different regions，Cultural appearance is different，The former is a representative of agricultural civilization and farming culture in the Northwest region during the prehistoric Yangshao Culture period，The latter is the representative of grassland civilization and nomadic culture in the northwest of the Bronze Age。Although the two are different in time and space，Cultural appearance and characteristics also have differences，Carrying two different forms and styles of civilization with different forms of different eras，But each witnessed the history of the Chinese land，Reflecting each other，and eventually integrate it into one，Together constitutes a brilliant ancient Chinese civilization。

Baoji and Yiyuan are also in the upper and upstream areas of the Yellow River，Not too far apart from each other，From the perspective of archeological unearthed information，Whether it is pre -history or the bronze era，Most of the ethnic groups and culture bet365 best casino games of the two places have exchanges and influence。Ship -shaped colorful pottery pot and dove heads barking copper copper rod first one first and one after one first，concentratedly shows the cultural appearance and spiritual connotation of the Yangshao era and the bronze era in the northwest，revealed the long flow of Chinese civilization、The characteristics of multi -integrated integration。

These two utensils are different，Different shapes，But it reflects the peaceful and peaceful rural life scenes and the harmonious and stable social environment，Expressing a positive aggressive spirit，It is a unique and rare cultural relics，Condensing the wisdom and creativity of the ancients，Drives the long empty air，Leave eternal memory，Inherited the profound Chinese culture。

Cultural relics condenses a long Chinese history between the square inches，Witnesses the Chinese civilization that has been witnessed。We today，The exquisite cultural relics left by the ancestors，Foreign History，Looking back on civilization，Ronggu today，Grasp the pulse of history and the times，It will definitely go to the future with a more stable and lasting self -confidence。

　　(this article is the major bidding project of the major historical issues of the National Social Science Fund China History Research Institute of the Chinese History Research Institute "

(Author Unit: School of History of Xinjiang University)