The ruins Bet365 app download ancient city of Qi are located in the northeast of Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province，Located between Zihe River and Xishui，Yu Da、Composed of two small cities，Total area of ​​about 16 square kilometers。The great city was built in the late Spring and Autumn Period，The small town is located in the southwest outside the big city，Part of it extends into the southwest corner Bet365 app download city，The plane is rectangular from north to south，Area about 3 square kilometers，It was founded in the early and mid-Warring States Period。Many large rammed earth building ruins were found in the small town，Should be the newly built palace city after "Tian clan replaced Qi"。

The formal archaeological work in the small town began in October 1958，65 years of history。1964 to 1984，Archaeologists have launched large-scale archaeological exploration and excavation work in the small town，Basically ascertained the layout Bet365 app download small town。From 2011 to 2022，Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology (Institute) has carried out some new archaeological work inside and outside the small town，A lot of new discoveries were made，These new discoveries refresh our understanding Bet365 app download layout of small towns。

　　Use ditches to separate the north and south functional areas in the Bet365 app download

Previous archaeological results show，The distribution of remains in the small town has obvious regularity，Seems to be divided into south、Northern two major functional areas。Many large palace building foundations, small and medium-sized rammed earth building foundations and some iron smelting workshops were found in the North District，Mainly in the palace area、Official area and high-end aristocratic residential area；The main remains of workshops found in the southern district include copper casting and coin casting，There are also some rammed earth ruins (Key Protected Area No. 14)，Should be a government-run handicraft workshop area。From this，The town as a whole presents the pattern of "Beigong and Nangong"。The two districts are roughly bounded by the northern part Bet365 app download east-west road leading to the west gate。

　2009，New stone structures were discovered under the city wall between the two corners Bet365 app download west wall Bet365 app download small city，Should be the remains Bet365 app download drainage crossing，It is roughly facing the south wall Bet365 app download city，Considering that there is a record in "Shui Jing Zhu" that a river flows in front of "Huan Gong Terrace" ("the Zi River flows out in front of it")，Han Weidong and other scholars believe，The rulers of Tian Qi should have used the moat in the western section Bet365 app download south wall Bet365 app download original big city when building the small city，Make it a water supply and drainage facility in the small town。This section Bet365 app download moat may have led directly to the natural waters outside the west wall Bet365 app download town before the town was built，It is also possible that the construction Bet365 app download small city was done to the west to lead to the outside Bet365 app download Western Wall。This ditch built on the original moat Bet365 app download big city crosses the small city，Made the small town show the characteristics of "building a city across the river"。

This east-west ditch in the small city is located just along the dividing line between the north and south districts。Visible，In addition to drainage functions，It is also an important boundary facility for the small town to divide the north and south functional areas。In other words，While building a small town，The city builders may have directly used the moat in the western section Bet365 app download original south wall Bet365 app download city (or slightly modified it) to separate the small city into the northern aristocratic activity area and the southern official workshop area。

It was not uncommon in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to use the original ditches or rivers for functional zoning during city construction。Qufu Lucheng uses the east-west natural river in the north Bet365 app download city to separate functional areas，Because all large-scale rammed earth building sites are located south Bet365 app download river，There are no large building foundations in the North District，Indicates that the functions Bet365 app download northern and southern districts are different。Jinancheng, the capital of Chu, directly uses the Xinqiao River and Longqiao River in the city to divide the palace city and Guocheng，The East City of Yanxia Capital also directly uses the No. 3 canal in the north Bet365 app download city to distinguish Gongcheng and Guocheng。Use the original river、The practice of ditches to separate functional areas has also been used in later urban construction。

　There are large gardens inside and outside the Bet365 app download

　2012-2016，The Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology conducted two excavations Bet365 app download No. 10 building site located in the northeast Bet365 app download small town，Find out its shape、Structural problem，Excavators have successively believed that the building was a palace of Qi State during the Warring States Period、Ancestral temple ruins。This property judgment opinion seems to need further consideration。Small town wall、Display the construction status of facilities such as moats and city gates，Big、The part connecting the small town is the key fortification area of ​​the small town，The defense targets are mainly the Jiang Qi survivors living in the big city，That is to say, the ruler of Tian Qi moved the small city to the east、The internal defense on the north side is placed in the west、On top Bet365 app download external defense on the south side，Shows the characteristic of "preventing internal forces is more important than preventing external forces"。Accordingly，Whether it is the palace where the king lives and governs，It is also an ancestral temple used to worship and worship ancestors，The former is the highest power center，The latter is a symbol of state power，These are the most important matters related to the life and death of Qi State、The most noble building，Neither can be built in the northeastern part Bet365 app download small city。In other words，The ruins of building No. 10 in the fortified area of ​​the small town should not be a palace、Ancestral temple ruins。

The northeastern area of ​​the small city is low-lying，And the strata are simple，Cultural accumulation is very thin，Especially except for the ruins of Building No. 10，No other large building remains found，In addition, the No. 10 building site itself has a special shape，The northern part Bet365 app download base site is concave、Southern bulge，Northern extensions on the east and west sides，And it is surrounded by a large area of ​​water。Therefore，There is reason to believe that this area is probably the garden Bet365 app download Qi royal family。This is a place for the king to relax and play，At the same time, it is located in an important city defense area，For the Huan Gongtai Palace Complex in its southwest，Also a military guard zone and buffer zone。

The garden area in the northeast and the palace area in the northwest are juxtaposed from east to west，The layout Bet365 app download palaces and gardens is divided into "West Palace and East Garden"。Set up a garden near the palace area in the city，Very common in ancient China。Ruyanshi Mall Miyagi、Yanxiadu Dongcheng、Weiyang Palace in Chang'an City, Han Dynasty、There are ponds and gardens inside the palaces such as Daming Palace and Xingqing Palace in Chang'an City Bet365 app download Tang Dynasty。According to the spatial relationship between the palace and the garden，It can be divided into two types: palace and garden gathering type (located in one place) and palace and garden separated type (separated in two places)。In the above examples，Only Yanxia belongs to the former，Others are the latter。

In addition to building a large garden in the northeast Bet365 app download small city，The king of Tian Qi still used the original pond in the west outside the city。

When archaeologists first explored the town, they discovered a swamp outside the middle Bet365 app download western wall，Considered to be the source of water，It is speculated that it should be the "Garden Enclosure" of Qi State。Recent archaeological work confirms previous exploration results，There is indeed a wetland here，And the range is very large。"Zuo Zhuan" recorded in the 18th year of Duke Wen: "Xia，May，(Qi Yi) traveled to Shenchi on public tour。"Du Prenote: "The west gate of Qinan City is named Shenmen，There is no pond in the whole city，Only there are pools on the left and right of this door，I suspect this is true。"Ruodu's note that "Nancheng West Gate" refers to the west gate Bet365 app download small city (it may also be the west gate Bet365 app download South Wall)，Then this large area of ​​water outside the Western Wall should be the location of "Shenchi"。The eighteenth year of Duke Wen of Lu was 609 BC，Belongs to the mid-Spring and Autumn period，Big at that time、No small town has been built yet，This body of water is located to the southwest outside the ruling center，King Jiang Qi may build it into a large garden。After the construction Bet365 app download small town，It is likely that it will continue to serve as the garden outside the city for King Tian Qi。

This large pond outside the city is close to the small town，Convenient for the king to travel out Bet365 app download city。Not only that，It also has military defense functions。Huan Gongtai Palace Area is located in the northwest Bet365 app download small city，Close to the Western Wall (only about 260 meters away)，It is more detrimental to the safety Bet365 app download royal family。Set up a garden outside the west wall，A space isolation zone can be constructed in the west Bet365 app download city，Especially the wide water itself is an insurmountable natural barrier，This kind of planning layout effectively makes up for the defensive deficiencies in the palace area caused by its proximity to the Western Wall。This may also reveal the reason why the palace area was built on the northwest highlands Bet365 app download small city instead Bet365 app download central highlands。

At the same time，This also solved the mystery Bet365 app download location Bet365 app download small town。The small city built later was built in the southwest Bet365 app download big city, which should be related to the superior natural environment，The terrain here is higher，And close to the river (connected to water)、Stay away from the big river (Zihe River)，Easy to use water and waterproof，This is not difficult to understand。Then，The deeper problem is，Why it occupies a large area in the southwest corner Bet365 app download city instead of being built directly outside the southwest corner Bet365 app download city？This may be due to the fact that the west wall Bet365 app download small city was built on the east side Bet365 app download water area to place the water area outside the city (the water area is too large so it is not suitable to be placed inside the city)，To ensure that the small town has enough space for activities，The east wall Bet365 app download small city had to be built inside the big city。There are also lakes and swamps outside the south wall Bet365 app download small town，also plays the same role。From this，Forming a mosaic pattern in which a small city extends into a large city over a large area。Because of this，The small town has particularly strengthened the defense at the connection with the big city。In addition，Two bends occurred in the west wall Bet365 app download small town，Should be related to the construction along the eastern edge Bet365 app download water area。

　2021，Display of exploration work on the exterior Bet365 app download south wall Bet365 app download small town，The terrain here is low-lying，The depression is in the shape of a long strip from east to west，Roughly parallel to the south wall，There is a large area of ​​silt，Rare cultural relics。Therefore，There should also be a body of water here。The southern moat is relatively narrow，About 13 meters wide，So this body of water makes up for the lack of defense on the south side Bet365 app download town。

　Construction of rammed earth buildings in the trenches outside the Bet365 app download

2017 to 2022，The Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology newly discovered a group of rammed earth buildings from the middle and late Warring States Period about 150 meters south Bet365 app download west gate Bet365 app download small town。This construction area is adjacent to the west wall Bet365 app download small town，Wide in the south and narrow in the north，Slightly trapezoidal in plane，An area of ​​nearly 40,000 square meters，A total of 14 building foundations were found。The north Bet365 app download building complex is the natural water area outside the west wall Bet365 app download small town，Trenches dug in the west and south，Trench South、The north is connected to the small city moat and water area。The south trench is 6-8 meters wide，3 meters deep，A rammed earth wall about 6 meters wide was found on the inside。No trench has been dug between the building complex and the small town，There is a north-south road (L1)，About 6 meters wide，Connected to the west gate Bet365 app download small town in the north，Going south may lead to the south gate Bet365 app download small town。This building complex is arranged regularly，Distributed in four rows from north to south，There are 3 building bases in each Bet365 app download three northern rows，There are 5 bases in the southern row。An east-west square was also found between the Nanpai foundation and the south wall。Also，A large number of coinage remains were found in the west Bet365 app download building complex，More than 2,500 fragments of Qidao coins were unearthed，The era belongs to the late Warring States Period，Indicates that this building complex was abandoned and converted into a coin-making workshop。The excavators think，This building base group is the famous "Jixia Academy" in history。

The planning of this building complex is quite unique，Built outside the small town，Surrounded by the moat Bet365 app download small town，Reflecting the special relationship between the two that are both independent of each other and closely connected。Such a planning model is not suitable for small towns，It will not affect life in the city，Can also be used as a defensive barrier outside the city。At the same time，The building complex itself is also highly enclosed and defensive。The north is a large body of water，西、There are trenches dug on the south side，There is a wall inside the trench，And the east end Bet365 app download south wall turns north，There is a gate between it and the west wall Bet365 app download small town，All show a strong defensive color。

The building complex built in the trench outside the city can also be seen in Dongcheng, the capital of Yanxia。There is a Laomutai complex built in the north outside the city，The moat at the eastern end Bet365 app download north wall runs diagonally northwest，And connected to Beiyi Water，Enclose the building complex inside (no walls have been found in the trench yet)。Although this construction method is not an isolated example，But it is rare in the history of ancient Chinese capital planning。

As for the nature of this building complex，This article believes that it is very likely that it is Jixia Academy，However, due to the material limitations, it is not yet possible to "death"。About the specific location of Jixia Academy，Different opinions since the Han Dynasty，Highly controversial。According to the review by Fang Hui and other scholars，The mainstream view is that it is located near Jimen，There are two theories about the location of Jimen: Ximen theory and Nanmen theory。Because many documents record that the academy is located near Xishui，And the water system is on the west side of Linzi City，Therefore the former can also be called the theory of near water connection。To completely resolve this dispute，You may also need to rely on archaeological methods，About Linzi University、Carry out comprehensive archaeological work near the city gates in the west and south Bet365 app download small town，Focus on exploring large-scale high-level architectural ruins during the Warring States Period。

　(The author is an associate professor at the School of Bet365 app download and Culture, Qufu Normal University)