Liang Qichao respects Yan Fu very much，Once in the letter，All first -class characters "，The only regret for people，It is too ancient and elegant，Not close enough，Fear will be affected in spread。Yan Fu is in the reply，First of all, it is inevitable to be modest，But then pointed out，"The person who does not engage in，The book of the scholarship is also，It is also benefited from the students who look at them with non -student children，My translation is waiting to read more Chinese ancient books "。That is to say，Introduction of Yan Fuzhi，Non -alternative middle school，Instead，Rejuvenating new vitality。Different jobs，Yan Fu's translation on China and the West，Extremely cautious，"One of them，Xunyue 踟蹰 "。Yan Fu translated the SoCiology (sociology) as "group science"，It is to consciously continue the doctrine of Xunzi。In the 1930s, I went to China to lecture in China and "sympathetic understanding" of traditional Chinese civilization.，It also admits that China has created the subject of sociology by Xunzi during the Warring States Period。Later，Pan Guangdan specifically wrote an analysis of the similarities between Xunzi and Spencer in sociological epistemology。

So，As a sociologist，What is the uniqueness of Xunzi? What is his theory related to today?。

This prophecy，The famous public case involved in Xunzi tour Qin。Xunzi's inspection in Qin State should still be relatively comprehensive。When answering the question of Qin ’s corresponding Hou Fan Ye’ s “What to see Qin”，Xunzi first came from geography mountains and rivers、Customs and people's feelings、Duyi government、Doctor Doctor、Many aspects of the court，A high evaluation of Qin State -there is no doubt，Among them, there bet365 best casino games will be a diplomatic resignation ingredient — but the conversation of the words，Xunzi said，"Although，There is a cricket "-Black what Qin State is worried about，Xunzi did not expand，It is estimated that it is a problem that the host is unprepared (in other places，Xunzi explicitly said that Qin Guo's "諰諰 諰諰 often fear of one in the world and rolling yourself")。Next，Xunzi also said，If it is measured in accordance with the standard of the "king's merit"，Qin Guo is still too far away。"Where is it?。"" The most surprising thing is，Xunzi also made up a sentence: "Therefore,‘ Cermia King，Refutation and overbur，Destiny without any stubbornness'。This is also short of Qin。"" ("Xunzi · Qiang Kingdom")

Xunzi so -called "old saying"，That is, pure use of Confucianism can be called king，Mixed use can dominate，The same does not need to die，I do n’t know if it was a popular rhetoric that Confucian self -selling was often used at that time，or Xunzi temporarily compiled。But no matter what，This is a prophecy made by Qin Qin, who faced the "Weipido"，And unfortunately a word，Qin Kingdom after sweeping the world，Suddenly dying，Become a short -lived dynasty。

Xunzi prediction verification，It's just a coincidence，Still the intimidation rhetoric of lobbyers，Or accurate prediction based on specific principles? We believe that，Xunzi, the first sociologist in China and even the world，When making this kind of judgment，Indeed based on your own sociological concept。

Xunzi used the ideological experimental method commonly used by philosophers during the Enlightenment Movement of Two thousand years later，The fundamental location of human society outlines: "If you are not a cow，It is not as if horses，and Niu Ma for use，Heye? Said: People and energy groups，I can't group it。How can people be a capable group? Said: points。How can I do it? Said: righteousness。So righteousness is divided into，and Zeyi，One multi bet365 best casino games -force，Multi -force is strong，Strong is winning;。So preface four o'clock，Tailing，By Profit World，No one for it，The score of gain also。"(" Xunzi · King's Article ") that is to say，The reason why society is possible，First in division of labor and layered。Why is it possible? Because people have morals，distinguish between morality，Harmony and smoothness，can be united and consistent，can generate strong power，All the human creation。

Xunzi emphasized that human nature is consistent (this is also similar to the concept established during the Western Enlightenment movement)，but also said，"There is no distinction between humanity，No distinguish is greater than points，No more than gifts "。Only the difference，Can it be integrated，"There is no group in the life of a person，group without points, if there is no point, if there is no point, it will compete，Conflict is chaotic，Chaos is poor。Therefore, those who have no points，Human Harm also "(" Xunzi · Faithic Pian ")。"All Besuke，Still with each other。"But how should it be distinguished? How can this distinction have legitimacy? Xunzi thinks，You need to distinguish it according to etiquette，Li Different "，Li Different "。"Definitely Determine，A amount can be granted the official，All make the people carry their things，Each is suitable。"" A person，If "cannot be profitable，Can't be decorated "，Just make an ordinary public。Xunzi admits the reasonableness of human desire，"Ritual，Keep "，"Li" is "the desire to raise people，Seeking it "。Of course，Gifts are not limited to this。In fact，Xunzi "Long Liyi"，It is a political activity of rituals，Extension is a general specification of social life。，Li is not only a restrained person，Still influencing people、Enlightenment、The key to the successor。Follow the ritual，Chemical Puppet，"People in the way can be Yu"。Differences in bet365 best casino games the realm of life，Personal aspirations and will。"Zhixiu，Dexinghou，Knowledge，It is also the one who is the one who is born，Husband is the predicate of Yirong。”

How to govern the society? Xunzi believes that it is necessary to adopt the strategy of the great Confucianism: "After the Fa Queen，Flood，One system，To hold the blog，Holding ancient，With one holding 10。Gou Renyi and the like，Although in birds and beasts，If you do n’t white black;，I did n’t taste it，I have not seen it，One side，，Nothing to work;，Then it is clear if the synthetic section。""，It is because of the ancient method，Miao cannot be found，and Zhou Wenzhou Li，粲 明。"Royal righteousness and expensive，If it is，Zeng ... The Division Family Affairs Festival，But soldiers。Bai Guan Fei Fa Folo Rope，Then the country is often not chaotic。Shang Jia Dunzhe has no fraud，，Cashi Caicai，and the country ask for it。Bai Gong Zhongxin instead of，If the device is clever and wealthy。Farmers Pu Li and Widow，，Undales of Land，Get people and，but Pepsi is not abandoned。It is a political order，Customs beauty，Celery Code，Strong with the conquest，Home is famous，Movement has merit。The so -called song dislocation of this Confucianism also。"(" Xunzi · Wangba ") The most critical，It is necessary to "know the Tongtong class"，That is to understand the social system system and the principle behind it，"Acting for the same class and responding"。Xunzi criticized Mencius Mencius "slightly king king without knowing its uniform"，Translate into contemporary language，It is equivalent to saying that Mencius may be pretty good on the Gentleman's Gentleman，But I really don’t understand sociology，"I don't know if I don't know the strain"，So，You can’t open the king of the sanctuary。

Let's look at Xunzi's analysis of Qin Kingdom。Look at the book "Xunzi"，More specifically discussing a total of Qin Kingdom。bet365 live casino games The two places quoted above are from "Powerful Powers"，The other two are in the "Soldiers"。Obviously，Qin Guo's most special，It is undoubtedly a powerful military force。How can the Qin army be strong and the corresponding social mobilization mechanism，Xunzi has deep insights: "Qin people，Its lives of the people (make the people's life suffer)，It makes the people cool (the disadvantage makes the people cruel)，Robbery (forcing the people with power)，Hidden Yisa (to control the people with poor)，忸，Chief's punishment (forcing people to fight with the use of criminal law)，Make the people of the world，So it is conducive to the person，Non -fighting (to get benefits from above，No way out except fighting)。Used，After the merit，Gongxiang phase long also，Five Five Five Family，It is the most strong long -lasting，Most of the place，Therefore, there is a victory in the fourth century，Fei Xingye，Number also。"Xunzi does not deny that this system design leads to strong troops for strength，But this kind of "Rui Shi" who pursues rewards and greedy benefits，Once you encounter the teacher of the upper and lower heart，"If it is burnt to throw the stone"，It is like smashing the dried burnt and dried things on the stone，It is inevitable that four -point cracks，One defeat。

Another part of the "Proponent" involved Qin Kingdom，Is Xunzi answering Li Si。Li Si thinks that Qin Guo's "Bingqiang Observatory，Princes of Wuxing，Non -benevolent meaning，Only for it "。"To engage in"，That is, do not talk about principles，Flexible response。Xunzi thinks，Qin Guo, although "the fourth life is victorious，諰諰 Often, one of them is one of the world's combination and rolling yourself，This so -called end -of -life soldiers，No original uniform "。Why worry，It is because this social surface looks strong，In fact, lack of internal morality，Lack of cohesion。The soldiers of the troubled times Bet365 app download that are forcibly combined by intimidation and interests，Lack of benevolence，Can't last long。Even if the siege is slightly，Merge many land people，But because "cannot condense it，will die "。How can I effectively integrate it? Xunzi thinks，"Ning Shi is ritual，Ning the people with politics; salute and scholars，Zhengping and Min'an;，Husband is a big condensed。Celery Code，Strong with the conquest，Ordering forbidden，King of the King "(" Xunzi · Proponent ")。But can Qin State do it? The Qin State system designed according to the principles of the legalist，"Power of his scholar，Church to make its people "(Lu Zhonglian language)，Can't compatible with courtesy。

In fact，Qin Dynasty society lacks internal morality and cohesion，It revealed in "Lu's Spring and Autumn · Li Vulgar Visibility": "Qin Zhi Mansion，For the sake of small profits，Brother Prison，Relatives to endure。"Xunzi's re -rumor Jia Yi (Shi Cong Zhang Cang) in the" Public Security Strategy "sarcastically ridiculed Qin Guomin's style:" By borrowing his father and hoe，Fantastic virtue; mother takes broom，Establishing and 谇。"" By the way，Jia Yi's "Crossing the Qin" basically just repeats Xunzi's knowledge。Sima Qian said in "Historical Records"，"Qinzhi decline，The Land of Land of the World "。Actually，Western Han people Xu Le，The history of the book is named by distinguishing the book "Land Land" and "Lifting": the so -called "earth collapse"，is "the people's sleepy and the main thing，I don’t know，Vulgar is chaotic but not cultivated "caused the society to completely collapse，Broken one by one blow，This is the sufferings of the world，Qin State Last World，That's it; the threat of "disintegration" is not the same，There are many many people because of the "people of the native soil"，Social foundation solid，Although there are division challenges，But after all, the foundation is stable，It is difficult to shake。This opinion bet365 live casino games is quite intellectual。Unfortunately, there is very little records about Xu Le in "Han Book"，The ideological inheritance of this view cannot be discerned。

It is worth mentioning is，Relevant viewpoints of Xunzi，I used to explain to King Qin Zhao in person。This is probably happened after the dialogue between Xunzi and Fan Ye，Because King Qin Zhao chopped his head, he asked Xunzi: "Confucianism is not conducive to the country of people?" Obviously, King Qin Zhao did not agree with Xunzi's diagnosis and shortness of Qin.，The attitude of questioning is also very unfriendly。So，How to explain the role of Confucianism in the "US government", "US customs" and promoting the role of "a family in the four seas"，It is impossible to get positive response。Of course，For social structural problems，We can’t be obsessed with the myth of "One Words"，But just miss a good opportunity in person，Really embarrassed。

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