Liang Qichao admired Yan Fu very much，Praised him in a letter for "Chinese and Western learning，All are first-class people”，The only thing that makes people feel a little regretful，The translation is too quaint and profound，Not vulgar enough，May be affected in terms of communication。Yan Fu in his reply，First of all, Bet365 app download is inevitable to humble yourself，But then pointed out，“Those who are not sycophantic，A book with profound academic knowledge，Bet365 app download’s not just a matter of paying students and expecting them to benefit，My translation is waiting for people who read more ancient Chinese books"。In other words，Yan Fuzhi introduced Western learning，Not an alternative secondary school，Instead, we hope to activate China’s “Bible Biography”，Renewed vitality。Because of my job，Yan Fu in Chinese and Western Translation，Extremely cautious，"The establishment of one name，Hesitating in ten months”。Yan Fu translated sociology as "group studies"，Bet365 app download is precisely to consciously continue Xunzi’s theory。Radcliffe Brown, the functionalist guru who came to China to give lectures in the 1930s and gained a "sympathetic understanding" of traditional Chinese civilization，Also admits that Xunzi created the discipline of sociology in China during the Warring States Period。Later，Pan Guangdan wrote a special article to analyze the similarities between Xunzi and Spencer in sociological epistemology。

Then，As a sociologist，What is so unique about Xunzi？How relevant is his theory to today？Let’s take one of Bet365 app download prophecies as an example to explain。

This prophecy，A famous public case involving Xunzi’s travels to Qin。Xunzi’s investigation in Qin should be relatively comprehensive。In response to Qin Yinghou Fan Ju's question "What will happen when you enter Qin?"，Xunzi first started from geography mountains and rivers、Customs and sentiments、City Government、Scholar-officials、Many aspects of the imperial court，Have a very high opinion of Qin - no doubt，There will be elements of diplomacy in Bet365 app download-but the subject changes，Xunzi said，"Although，There is something wrong with Bet365 app download”——As for what Qin is worried about，Xunzi did not expand，Bet365 app download is probably a tacit issue between the host and the guest (elsewhere，Xunzi clearly said that the Qin State "is always afraid that the world will unite and overwhelm itself.")。Continue，Xunzi said again，If measured according to the standard of "the fame of a king"，Qin is still far behind。"What is Bet365 app download？Then Bet365 app download is almost free of Confucianism。”The most surprising thing is，Xunzi also added: "Therefore Bet365 app download is said: 'The pure and the king'"，refute and dominate，Dead without a trace’。This is also the shortcoming of Qin。"("Xunzi: Strengthening the Country")

Xunzi’s so-called "old saying"，You can become a king by purely using Confucianism，If you use them mixedly, you can dominate，If you don’t use anything, you will perish，I wonder if this statement was a popular rhetoric commonly used by Confucians at that time to promote themselves，Or Xunzi made Bet365 app download up temporarily。But no matter what，This is a clear prophecy made in the face of the powerful Qin who "threatens the country"，And unfortunately Bet365 app download came true，The Qin State after sweeping the world，Died suddenly，Become a short-lived dynasty。

The fulfillment of Xunzi’s prophecy，Just a coincidence，Still a rhetorical intimidation tactic commonly used by lobbyists，Or an accurate prediction based on specific principles？We think，Xunzi, the first sociologist in China and even the world，When making this conclusion，Bet365 app download is indeed based on my own sociological ideas。

，Outlined the fundamental reason for the emergence of human society: "Power is not as powerful as an ox"，Bet365 app download’s hard to walk like a horse，The cattle and horses are used，He Ye？say: People can make a group，He can’t be a group。How can people be grouped together？曰：分。How can Bet365 app download be divided？曰：righteousness。So the meaning is divided to make Bet365 app download harmonious，He Zeyi，Yi Yi Duo Li，More power makes us stronger，Stronger things win；You can live in the Forbidden City。The four seasons of the story，Cutting all things，Benefit the world，For no other reason，The meaning of gain。” ("Xunzi·Kingzhi Chapter") That is to say，The reason why society is possible，First of all, division of labor and stratification。How is Bet365 app download possible to divide the points？Because people have moral principles，Distinguish based on morality，Just be harmonious and smooth，We can unite as one，can produce powerful power，With everything created by humans。

，But again，"There is no difference in human nature，There is no greater distinction than distinction，There is nothing greater than etiquette”。Only the difference，Only before we can merge into one，“No one can live without a group，Group without division means fighting，Dispute leads to chaos，Chaos leads to poverty。Those who have no points，The great harm caused by human beings" ("Xunzi·Fuguo Chapter")。“Fan Pepsi，Different principles but staying together。”But how to distinguish Bet365 app download？How can this distinction be justified？Xunzi believes，Need to distinguish based on etiquette and justice，“Lecontract，Different etiquette”。"Determining the order of virtue，Award officials according to ability，Everyone makes the people carry out their affairs，Everyone has his own suitability。”A person，If "you cannot use justice to benefit"，Can’t pretend to be sexual”，Just be an ordinary citizen。Xunzi admits the rationality of human desires，"The Ceremony，Nurture”，“Li” means “the desire to nourish people，What people want”。Of course，The gift is not limited to this。In fact，Xunzi’s “Long Li Yi”，Bet365 app download is to subordinate etiquette to ceremonial political activities，Extended to the universal norms of social life。In addition，Etiquette is not only about restraining people，Still a reformer、Inspiring people、The key to success。Follow etiquette，Chinese nature becomes false，"Those who are on the road can become Yu"。The difference between realms of life，Bet365 app download depends on personal ambition and will。"Willing cultivation，Good moral character，Knowledge and clarity，The glory comes from the middle，This is what I call righteousness。”

How to govern society？Xunzi believes that Bet365 app download is necessary to adopt the Confucian strategy: "The Queen of the Law，Unification of etiquette and justice，One system，Hold your fortune with shallowness，Preserve the past with the present，One holding ten thousand。Gou Renyi and the like，Although among birds and beasts，If you don’t want to be in vain；Reliance on things and strange transformation，Unheard of，Unprecedented，Suddenly rises up，Then follow the same pattern，Nothing to do；Expose the law and measure Bet365 app download，Then Bet365 app download is dark and in line with the festival。" ("Xunzi·Ruxiao Chapter") The reason why he is "the Queen of France"，Bet365 app download’s because of the ancient method，Unfathomable，And Zhou Wen Zhou Li，Brilliantly prepared。"Promote etiquette and judge the noble and the humble，If so，Then... the system of restraint and death for scholar-bureaucrats，However, the strength of the army。Hundred officials are afraid of the law and follow the rope，Then the country will not be in chaos。Businessmen are honest and have no deceit，Ze Shang Travel An，Huotongcai，The country asks for Bet365 app download。Baigong is loyal and loyal，If you use the utensils skillfully, you will not be short of money。The farmer is weak but incompetent，The best will never be lost，Don’t lose the advantage of the place，Win the Harmony，Pepsi is not abandoned。This is called the execution of government orders，Beautiful customs，Stick with the Code，Strike makes you strong，Where you live is famous，Move to achieve success。This is what Confucianism calls Qubian。"("Xunzi·Wang Ba Pian") the most critical，Bet365 app download is necessary to "inform the general class"，Understand the social system and the principles behind Bet365 app download，"Respond to the general situation"。Xunzi criticized Mencius for "simplifying the methods of the previous kings without knowing their traditions"，Translated into contemporary languages，Bet365 app download is equivalent to saying that Mencius may be good at cultivating the aura of awe-inspiring people and cultivating a gentleman，But I really don’t understand sociology，“I don’t know how to respond”，So，Therefore, the inner sage cannot create the outer king。

Let’s look at Xunzi’s analysis of Qin。Overview of the book "Xunzi"，Discuss the four common features of Qin in more detail。The two quotes quoted above are both from "Strengthening the Country"，The other two are in "Meeting Arms"。Obviously，The most special thing about Qin，Undoubtedly a powerful military force。On why the Qin army is strong and the corresponding social mobilization mechanism，Xunzi had a profound insight: "Qin people，The livelihood of the people is also in trouble (making people's lives difficult)，Bet365 app download makes the people cruel (Bet365 app download makes the people cruel)，Jie Zhi Yi Shao (using power to intimidate the people)，Hidden misfortunes (use poverty to control people)，Hate to celebrate rewards (use rewards to lure people)，The chief punished him (using criminal law to force the people to fight)，make the people of the world，So we must benefit the superior，There is no reason but to fight (if you want to get benefits from above，There is no way out but fighting)。Use Bet365 app download for disaster，Get Bet365 app download and then make Bet365 app download，Rewards complement each other，Wujia is the first and subordinate to the five families，Bet365 app download is the most powerful and long-lasting，Multiple places are correct，Therefore, four generations have victory，Unfortunately，Shu Ye。”Xunzi does not deny that this system design leads to more troops and stronger combat power，But this kind of "soldier" who pursues rewards and greed for profit，Once you meet a teacher of benevolence and righteousness，Just like "Bet365 app download's like throwing a stone with a burnt fire"，Bet365 app download’s like smashing something burned and dried on a stone，Bet365 app download will inevitably fall apart，A complete defeat。

Another reference to the Qin Kingdom in "The Discussion of Arms"，This is Xunzi’s answer to Li Si’s question。Li Si felt that the Qin State was "strong at home"，Powerful princes，Not based on benevolence and righteousness，Just for the sake of doing Bet365 app download”。"In order to engage in"，That is, not following principles，Flexible。Xunzi believes，Although Qin has been victorious for four generations，Chan Heran is always afraid that the world will unite and overwhelm him，This is the so-called weapon of the end of the world，There is no original system”。Why worry，Because this kind of society looks strong on the surface，In fact, Bet365 app download lacks inherent morality，Lack of cohesion。The soldiers of troubled times who rely on intimidation and interests to forcibly combine forces，Lack of benevolence and righteousness，Bet365 app download won’t last long。Even if you conquer the city，Annexed many land people，But because "Bet365 app download cannot be condensed"，You will perish”。How to integrate effectively？Xunzi believes，"Condensing oneself with courtesy，Gathering people to govern；Etiquette and scholar uniform，The government is peaceful and the people are safe；Shifu Minan，This is what I call the Great Condensation。Stick with the Code，Strike makes you strong，Prohibited by command，The king’s business is over” ("Xunzi: Military Discussion Chapter")。But can Qin do Bet365 app download？The Qin system designed based on Legalist principles，"The Envoy of Power，Capture the people" (Lu Zhonglian's words)，Incompatible with etiquette and justice。

In fact，Qin society lacks inherent morality and cohesion，Bet365 app download is revealed in "Lu Shi Chun Qiu Li Su Lan": "The Savages of Qin，For small profits，Brothers in prison，Relatives tolerate each other。" Xunzi's disciple Jia Yi (who studied under Zhang Cang) vividly ridiculed the Qin people's customs in "Public Security Policy": "I borrow my father to do the work，Considering virtue；Mother takes dustpan，Li Ershengyu。"By the way，Jia Yi's "On the Passage of Qin" basically just repeats Xunzi's insights。Sima Qian once said in "Historical Records"，"The accumulation and decline of Qin，The world is falling apart”。Actually，Xu Le from the Western Han Dynasty，Famous in history for his petition distinguishing between "collapse" and "disintegration": the so-called "collapse"，Bet365 app download means “the people are in dire straits but the master does not show mercy，Resent from below but ignorance from above，The customs are in chaos but the government is not repaired" leading to the complete collapse of society，Destroyed in one blow，This is a problem for the world，The end of Qin，That’s Bet365 app download；The threat of "disintegration" does not，Because there are many "people who live in peace and contentment"，Solid social foundation，Although there are divisive challenges，But in the end the foundation is solid，Hard to shake。This view is quite consistent with sociology。Unfortunately, there are very few records about Xu Le in the "Book of Han"，Unable to identify the ideological inheritance of this view。

Bet365 app download is worth mentioning，Xunzi’s relevant views，Explained Bet365 app download to King Qin Zhao face to face。This probably happened after Xunzi’s conversation with Fan Ju，Because King Zhao of Qin asked Xunzi from the very beginning: "Confucianism is not beneficial to a country？”Obviously King Zhao of Qin did not agree with Xunzi’s diagnosis and exposure of Qin’s shortcomings，The attitude of asking questions is also very unfriendly。So，How can Xunzi explain the role of Confucianism in "beautiful politics" and "beautiful customs" and in promoting "the four seas are like one family"，Bet365 app download is impossible to get a positive response。Of course，For social structural issues，We cannot be infatuated with the myth of "a word that makes a country strong"，But I missed a good opportunity in person，Bet365 app download’s really frustrating。

(The author is dean and professor of School of Bet365 app download Sciences, Nanjing University)