General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Dunhuang studies is today's international explanation，Many countries in the world such as the United Kingdom、France、Russia、Japan、Germany、United States、Many scholars in India and other countries are engaged in Dunhuang Study Research "，"To guide and support scholars from all countries to tell the story of Dunhuang，spread Chinese voice "。Frances Wood, a British historian over the seventy year, is a story about Dunhuang.、Scholars who spread Chinese voice，She formed a deep "Chinese love" with Chinese culture。More than thirty years in the past，During the Asian and African Ministry of the Chinese and African Ministry of the Daying Library，She participated in the preservation and repaired nearly 14,000 Dunhuang literature manuscripts and prints, including the Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra"。For this work experience，She once described this: "Sometimes，You shake these paper pages gently，Hear the charming sound，It's like hearing the voice of history。”

Wu Fangsi has long been committed to Chinese history and cultural research，I wrote "Portal Past: Overseas Downs' Dreams and Life in China: 1843-1943" "Qin Shihuang: The Emperor Qin Shihuang in the Eyes of Foreigners", "Charm of China: Fighting Western Westerners and Collectors"，Use delicate and sincere strokes to tell the reader about her cognition and thinking about Chinese civilization。June 2023，Because of the protection and promotion of Dunhuang culture、Excellent contribution made by spreading Chinese civilization overseas，Wu Fangsi won the 16th "Chinese Book Special Contribution Award"。Recent，Wu Fangsi is interviewed by this reporter for this newspaper，Tell her long -term guardian、Story of sorting up and repairing the Tunhuang Collection，and her herself for Dunhuang Culture、Silk Road Spirit、What I think about Chinese civilization。

　　bet365 live casino games

"China Social Sciences": You have long been sorted out in Dagai Library for a long time、Save and repair Dunhuang literature，What are these Dunhuang literature?

Wu Fangsi: Indeed，In bet365 live casino games more than 30 years，My daily book、Cultural relics and collections are partners，can be described as fun。I started working in the British Library in 1977，Western scholars at that time gradually showed a strong interest in the Dunhuang literature collected in London since 1910。After the 1950s，Some Japanese scholars come to the British Library to visit Dunhuang Literature，Later, some visitors from China visited one after another。

The number of Dunhuang Literature Museum in the British Library is huge，A total of about 14,000 pieces，Among them, about 99%are manuscripts，Only about 1%is a print，For example, the most famous Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra" print。In all literatures，There are about 7,000 quite complete manuscripts -text is written on paper，The adhesive jams are together，Volume into a scroll -this is a typical form of early "documents" in ancient China; the other 7,000 copies are residual rolls and residual films with poor integrity。At first these literatures were not well preserved in the British Library，The first thing I did by the director of the Chinese Museum I was the director of the Chinese and African Ministry was to raise sufficient funds，To protect these residual rolls and slices。

One of our important tasks is the photo of the Dunhuang scriptures.、electronic、Lecture。We also launched related digital projects，Let the images of these manuscripts be presented and continued on the Internet，Make Dunhuang culture a wider social cognition。With the assistance of cultural relics protection personnel from China，We can make the huge number of Dunhuang scriptures successfully recorded。These precious scrolls are an important part of Chinese cultural heritage，It is extremely rare and real historical material for Chinese scholars and Western scholars，So，The purpose of our work is to do our best to make the originals of these scrolls carefully look at、Save and repair，For scholars for scholars in various countries。other，This special experience of experienced Chinese culture has made me great happiness，I am deeply proud of this。

According to records，The Dunhuang scroll is part of the world's earliest paper file，It can be traced back to 400 AD to 1000 AD，Covering the content is quite wide，Including Buddhist classics、Taoist classics、Confucian classics，and other Scripture History, etc.。Although the classic Buddhist scriptures account bet365 Play online games for a large proportion，The content of the manuscripts of non -Buddhist and Sales Classics has also aroused considerable interest in researchers -these themes show all aspects of Chinese social life in history，Including Women's Club、Tax declaration、Contract file、Contract file、Shopping list, etc. ... Through these documents，We can learn more about the most real and lively living conditions of the Chinese people at that time，and the early social culture of China。British sinologists are also my instructor Denis Twitchett and the book about the financial management of the Tang Dynasty，The writing of this book is almost based on Dunhuang literature。These Dunhuang literature also includes a famous astronomical scroll，Including the booklet of the Tang Dynasty calligrapher Ouyang Xun's calligraphy patch、Early calligraphy works of calligrapher Wang Xizhi during the Eastern Jin Dynasty。Compared with the text on the stone monument that has been printed with，Very attractive victory。In fact，I think the Dunhuang literature that has been preserved in recent years has not been fully used by the academic community，There is also space for further research from many aspects。

　Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra" Indian Nirvana Rebirth

　　"China Social Sciences": In your work experience，It is worth mentioning that the repair of the Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra"。Can you talk about the unique cultural value of this ancient Chinese book?

Wu Fangsi:As the earliest marking book in the world，The Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra" from the Tang Dynasty in China is the oldest print book in the world.，It is also the representative work of the ancient Chinese carving printing technology。Chinese translation "The Diamond Sutra" volume clearly engraved with the date of 868 AD，This ancient book printed by Chinese people was printed in approximately 1455、The European Gudaobao "Bible", known as the "oldest printing book", is about 600 years old。Of course, some printed classics from South Korea and Japan can also be traced back to the earlier period，But compared with the Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra"，They are dwarfed in scale and importance。Tang Yin's "Diamond Sutra" uses fine language，Recorded the Buddha's words and teaching，Explained the core ideological wisdom of the Dharma。

From the perspective of appearance，Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra" is a scroll of about 5 meters long，Draw the scene of the Buddha's bet365 best casino games scripture of the Buddha of Shakyamuni under the surrounded by monks and flying fairy。In my opinion，It is a beautiful item -the exquisite scripture of the first painting，The printing process is also superb，It's amazing。It is unique in the world，shows the carving printing technology far ahead of the world in the late Tang Dynasty of China。

So far，This ancient book has been collected for more than a century，Originally collected in the British Museum，It is now collected in the Daying Library。The first discovered story of the Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra" was ups and downs。1907，Hungarian archaeologist Stan was obtained in a grotto in the Qianfo Cave in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, Western, Western China, and was carried to Britain -this has also become one of the most important archeological discoveries in human history。and then this ancient book has gone through many difficulties in London，Including the severe damage and other disaster events brought to the British Museum of World War II。

Initial，British repair personnel believe that this "Diamond Sutra" is weak and fragile，After listening to the advice of Japanese restoration experts，Mount this volume from the back，But doing this is contrary to your wish，The effect is not satisfactory。20 years ago，Repair staff finally made a decision，Remove the printed substrate that is added later，and fully restore the original appearance of this world -class treasure。It can be said，From 1972 to 2010，Repair staff of the British Library lasted nearly 40 years of tortuous experience，Finally brought this "Diamond Sutra" Chinese seal to the perfect state of the first birth，The traditional Chinese cultural factors represented by this ancient book are also rejuvenated。My colleague、Director Mark Barnard, director of the Repair Department of the British Museum, spent nearly 7 years to study this Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra"，also participated in its repair process。I remember clearly，After completing the repair of this ancient book，Bernard once said excitedly，"This currently discovered、Original of ancient prints of human beings，After the many rolled noodles are unveiled,，Really displayed in front of us，This feeling is really wonderful! "

I and Bernard and I are in the book "The Story of the World’ s Earliest Dated Dated Dated Dated Dated Dated Dated Dated Dated Date,，Explore the cultural history of the Chinese translation "Diamond Sutra"，Tell the reader bet365 Play online games about discovery、Transfer、The process of collecting this classic Chinese ancient book and the long repair process under the baptism of years。It can be said，After experiencing more fate，Now it ushered in Nirvana Rebirth，This is a gratifying good luck。

　　Chinese civilization brings gospel to the world

　　"China Social Sciences": Dunhuang literature collected in Daying Library，and other Dunhuang cultural relics flowing around the world，All reminded a kind of Chinese cultural relics to lose overseas，also represents an inestimable loss in the history of Chinese civilization。What do you think about this?

Wu Fangsi:Indeed，In modern history，A large number of Chinese documents、Antiques、Classics and other losses overseas，The existence of them now in London and other countries in the UK reflects the sad period of China from the end of 19th to the beginning of the 20th century，This is a period of pain history that neither China and the world cannot forget，Can be described as a catastrophe of Chinese civilization。The historical story of this period is completely unacceptable today。I have recently read the book "The National Treasure Loss of the Elberry"，Among them, the situation of Chinese cultural relics spread overseas at the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century。Except some non -force channels，For example, British businessmen purchased a large number of Chinese porcelain through East India，Most of the Chinese cultural relics that are currently in overseas are obtained by illegal means。In modern history，Foreign invaders will destroy and damage the Chinese cultural sites and monuments，Through war、plunder、Digging、smuggling and other unfair ways to rob a lot of precious Chinese cultural relics。Many foreign explorers、Antique dealers, etc., have also stolen a large number of precious cultural relics from all over China，Including Dunhuang documents、Han Dynasty Jane、Berzkrik Grottoes murals、Ceramic jade, etc.。This historical plunder is undoubtedly shameful，I expressed strong condemnation for this。At the same time，I also look forward to those illegal cultural relics that can return to China as soon as possible。

Dunhuang cultural relics have experienced a hearty calamity，These cultural relics are not only precious treasures of Chinese civilization，It is also the spiritual wealth of all mankind。Fortunately,，Today，Dunhuang bet365 best casino games cultural relics have been widely spread and research，Dunhuang Xue has become a world -renowned "International Homing Studies"，This fully illustrates the charm of Dunhuang culture。This charm is a sustainable charm that can cause widespread resonance，It is a huge gospel that Dunhuang culture and more significant Chinese civilization brought to the world，It is worth being further inherited、Promoting and research。

　　Silk Road civilization attracts the world

"China Social Sciences": Dunhuang is the Silk Road Town，What do you think of this city's significance to the Silk Road civilization? What is the Silk Road in the eyes of Western scholars?

Wu Fangsi:Indeed，Han Dynasty in China、Tang Dynasty and other dynasties，Dunhuang is an important border base and heavy town。It can be said，Dunhuang, a city with a sense of historical precipitation, has witnessed the glory and prosperity of the Silk Road civilization。Except those paper literatures that were previously mentioned in Dunhuang cave，Dunhuang's cultural treasure also includes woodcarving、murals、Jincheng and other exquisite artworks，Among them, Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang were included in the World Cultural Heritage List，The artistic value of its mural art is praised by countless people。

These Dunhuang Heritage carries a large number of commodity trade on the ancient Silk Road、Daily life、Details of thought concepts，reflects the history of different civilization communication and mutual learning and the integration of national blending，They passed through the ancient Silk Road China to China to Europe and other more regions in the world，Not only the history of Chinese civilization, but also the extremely important part of the history of world civilization。

Since ancient times，Western scholars have a great interest in the Silk Road, a passion that exudes exotic and beautiful colors，"Silk Road" seems to be a mysterious and romantic existence，The beacon in Gobi and the desert is exciting and fascinated，attracts countless explorers in the world。From the eyes of Westerners，This is not only a way to trade，It is also an archeological road、Road to Culture。

I have a book "Silk Road 2000" about Chinese ancient Silk Road culture，After the book is published，In the UK、French countries such as France and many Latin American countries best -selling，For Silk Road Culture from the East，Readers generally show strong interest。This book focuses on the history of the central region Bet365 app download of Asia -the history of the Silk Road between the two thousand years from the Hexi Corridor and the Bhara Oasis，This area is also exactly the communication of the Silk Road Civilization、Product exchange、One of the most frequent areas such as commodity circulation，It is also a missionary from Europe in history、Explorer、Artist、Archaeologist inspections and records the most abundant area。

other，I included the works of a large number of travelers along the ancient Silk Road collected in this book，Try to make the theme of the ancient Silk Road get wider spreading and understanding in academic and non -academia。Since the birth of，The book "Silk Road 2000" is very popular，It is one of the most successful works published by the British Library。This fully shows that the Silk Road civilization has unlimited attraction to people all over the world，It contains too many topics、Clues and perspective -Chinese monument、Loulan、Gaochang、Tang Xuanzang、Silk、Tea ... Here is a meeting and dialogue that spans time and space。