Constitution, supervision and supervision in the Chinese discourse system
January 15, 2020 09:30 Source: "China Social Sciences" January 15, 2020 Total 1858 Author: Huang Xiaohui

Since General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed at the Symposium on the Philosophy and Social Sciences Symposium "、Strike abroad,Digging History、Grasp the contemporary,Care humans、Future -oriented thinking,Focus on building a philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics,Guiding Thought、Discipline System、academic system、The discourse system and other aspects fully reflect Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、China Qi Pai ",The academic community has carried out positive research around the construction of the "three major systems",Published a lot of research results。I think,In the "Three Systems" construction,The construction of the discourse system is the foundation; and the construction of the discourse system is not only in using Chinese characteristics,And in the connotation of uniform words in Chinese -style interpretation; in every academic system、The formation of the discipline system reflects Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、Chinese Qi School's discourse system。This requires the construction of the discourse system to be more important,To sum up、Sorting、Unified academic system、The words often used in the subject system,Gives its Chinese characteristics。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Turn off power into the cage of the system。"This is the vivid Chinese -style words about the power monitoring mechanism。About power monitoring mechanism,In my country's current discourse system,It also involves three basic concepts -restrictions、Supervision、bet365 live casino games Supervision,They each have different status and functions in the power monitoring system。but,For a long time,The connotation of these three concepts and their relationships in our academic circles always have differences。There are mixed discussions,There is a greater than the discussion,Those who are less than the argument,There are side -by -side theories。Unclear and differences of concepts,Explain that in this field of research, China's right to speak has not been formed,It also affects the construction of academic system and discipline system。So,It is necessary to use Chinese language habits、An explanation of it from the Chinese perspective,Form Chinese discourse,Knowing the unified learning community。

What is constraint? "Modern Chinese Dictionary" (hereinafter referred to as "Dictionary") did not give the answer directly,Instead of examples。That is "the existence and change of things in itself are based on the existence and change of things B,Then A thing is restricted by things B "。but,"Dictionary" has a separate description of "system" and "constraints"。"System" has the meaning of "strong constraints"; "constraint" refers to "restrictions to make no more scope"。Based on this,I think,The connotation of the constraint should be: use strong limitations to make the range from getting out of the range。For power constraints,Just use strong limitation of power,Make the exercise of power not out of the specified scope,To prevent abuse of power、The occurrence of random behavior,Oppose corruption。This is a popular understanding of Chinese people's restrictions on power。

In practice,The main ways to restrict power are: institutional constraints based on the establishment bet365 live casino games of rules and regulations、Balance constraints based on power configuration and sanctions based on power supervision,That is what people usually say to restrict power with the system、Rebellize with power and restrict power with rights。Where,System constraint is the basis,Balance constraints are subject,Sanctions are guaranteed。This means,To prevent abuse of power、Make use,Oppose corruption,First of all, we must build a constitution (the most important one is legislation),Requires the administration of the power of the power in accordance with the law、Take care of the chapter,The operation of regulating power with the system,Based on power with the system。This is the premise of power operation,Is the infrastructure of the restriction of power。At the same time,Can't entrust all power to a subject,Must be scientifically configured between different subjects,Form the cooperation between power and power、Function and restraint relationship,This is the normal state of power operation,is an important mechanism to restrict power。Last,There is also a system of supervising power operation,A necessary sanctions on those who exercise power violations or overdone power,Based on the right to sanction,To protect the effective operation of power。This is a necessary facility for power operation,Is a guarantee mechanism to restrict power。This can be seen,In the Chinese discourse system,Power restriction has two usages: broad and narrow usage。Power in a broad sense is equivalent to power monitoring,Including institutional constraints、Balance restrictions and sanctions constraints; narrow power restrictions refer to only the main form in the general power Bet365 app download constraints -check -in -balance constraints。

So,When talking about the relationship between power constraints and power supervision,It is necessary to distinguish between broad sense and narrow constraints.。In terms of general constraints,The constraint contains supervision,Supervision is the lower concept of restriction,or the concept of species,It is a guarantee mechanism for restrictions; in terms of narrow constraints,Supervision and restrictions is a parallel relationship,One of the important ways under the constraints of power restrictions。When people are in charge of power constraints and power supervision,The constraints at this time should be understood as narrow constraints。

What is supervision? In the academic community in my country, there are generally supervising supervision of supervision,Confusion of supervision and supervision。So,It is necessary to inspect the supervision and supervision here。According to the "Dictionary" explanation,Supervision is "Look at and urge"。Look at,"Look at the situation for understanding"; supervise,It has the meaning of urging and correction。Generally speaking,Supervision is always for people's behavior。So,You can define the supervision as the inspection and urging of the behavior of the supervisor's subject.,or,Check it carefully,Urges or urge corrections。In "Dictionary",The explanation of the supervision is: "Supervise the work of the staff of state organs and agencies at all levels and report the illegal organs or staff。"This means,In "Dictionary",Using supervision and interpretation supervision,instead of using supervision interpretation supervision。According to the defined rules,Among the two concepts of species relationship,Bet365 lotto review You can use the concept to explain the concept,Add the necessary limited words to the concept to form a concept of concept,But the concept of the concept of species cannot be explained。Otherwise,I committed a comprehensive error。So,According to the explanation of "Dictionary",Supervision is just a type of supervision,Special supervision of the work of state organs and their staff as the object。So,Supervision and interpretation of supervision is obviously inappropriate。

"Dictionary" illustrates the meaning of supervision from the supervision object,In practice,The use of the word supervision has developed and developed。This is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, the subject of supervision is limited,The subject with the right to supervise can only be the national specialized organs,Other subjects' supervision of state organs and their staff cannot be called supervision; the second is to give the supervisory subject greater permissions,The main body of the supervision not only has general supervision rights,The power to look at and urges,And has the right to investigate and dispose,Investigate the problems found in the supervision,and make the power of disposal decision based on the results of the survey。This means,Only the supervision of the work of state organs and their staff in the state -owned agency can be called supervision,The supervision right of the specialized organs not only includes the right to supervise,also includes the right to investigation and disposal,Sanctions。This,Supervision is not just a general type of supervision,And a special type of supervision。Supervision,As "Look at and urge",It can be applied to any subject's inspection and urging any object,But just look at and urge,Bet365 lotto review Do not have the right to investigation and disposal,No sanctions effect; Supervision,A special type of supervision,Specialized for the supervision of state agencies and staff of state agencies and staff,and have the right to investigate and dispose,I have sanctions。So,Supervision is not a general supervision,but a special type of supervision。I have the right to investigate and dispose,Supervision of sanction effect。In a broad sense of power constraint system,Supervision is not just a supervision as a premise of sanctions,And it is the sanction constraint。

To sum up,I think,Monitoring of power,The basic way to close the power into the cage of the system is the restriction of power,Using strong limitation of power,Make the exercise of power not out of the specified scope,To prevent abuse of power、The occurrence of random behavior,Oppose corruption。In contemporary,There are three main methods for restricting power constraints: institutional constraints、Breithered constraints、Sanctions。Where,The premise of sanctions is supervision,Only supervision is in place,can sanctions accurately,Effective restrictions。Supervision is just the meaning of inspecting and urging,Provide the basics for sanctions。Supervision is a special type of supervision,It is the supervision of state organs and public officials performed by the state -owned organs,It is a supervision with the right to investigate and dispose,is the supervision of sanctions。

Clear concept is to build an academic system、Basis of the subject system,academic system with Chinese characteristics、Discipline System,Need to support the discourse system with Chinese characteristics。The above -mentioned restrictions、Supervision、Discussion and clarity of the conceptual meaning and relationship of monitoring,I hope to build an academic system for power with Chinese characteristics、The disciplinary system is beneficial。

  Bet365 lotto review

(The author is a professor at the School of Law of Fujian Normal University)

Editor in charge: Wang Ning
QR code icons 2.jpg
Key recommendation
The latest article
Graphics
bet365 live casino games

Friendship link: Official website of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |

Website filing number: Jinggong.com An Bei 11010502030146 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Jing ICP No. 11013869

All rights reserved by China Social Sciences Magazine shall not be reprinted and used without permission

General Editor Email: zzszbj@126.com This website contact information: 010-85886809 Address: Building 1, Building 1, No. 15, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing: 100026