Northwest China was once one of the most serious areas of modern smoke poison in my country。Tobacco poisoning problems are the same as "second -rate"、Witch God and other questions the same，It is a serious social problem left by the old society to the Shaanxi bet365 best casino games -Gansu -Ningxin Border (hereinafter referred to as the "edge area")。December 1936 The Red Army liberated Yan'an Time，Yan'an has more than 1,500 smokers，Smokers accounted for 31%of residents。There is a folk song: "Yan'an Mansion，Liu Genshui，Ten Nine Western Smoke Ghosts "，Species of anti -drug situation。After the outbreak of the Anti -Japanese War，Japanese invaders' poisoning policy in China，As a result, the anti -drug work of the border area is very difficult。November 1941，At the first conference of the Second Senate Council，Chairman of the Border District Government Lin Boqu said in the work report of the border area government，"Cases that have been accepted by the court since the first session of the Border District since 1939 (the first Senate of the Border Area)，Criminal cases are mostly destroyed by law and order and opium "。According to statistics from 20 counties from 1939 to 1941，There are 1157 cases of smoke poison cases tried by the judicial organs，25.9%of all criminal cases。Chinese Communists and the Border Area Government not only treat anti -drugs as anti -Japanese war，It is regarded as "the struggle of another national liberation"，Call "mobilize the general public to work together"，Also focused on improving the anti -drug regulations、Severe punishment of drug crimes、Strengthening drug management and control for comprehensive governance，Exploring a new way to form a drug problem in accordance with the law。Experience of drug control in the border area，There is no lack of reference to the current improvement of the drug problem governance system。

　Bet365 lotto review

Anti -drug local legislative work in the border area is effective，Not only bet365 live casino games did it formulate and promulgated a large number of regulations、Method、Command、Instructions, etc.，The content is even more forbidden、Forbidden suction、Forbidden desert、Forbidden sale, publicity and education and other anti -drug work all aspects。Administrative Regulations for drug control in the border area、Number of specified files，Strong operability，Criminal law with anti -drug criminal one -line law jointly builds a perfect anti -drug legal system for the border area。

The border area specifically stipulates the types and punishment measures of drug crimes in a single line method。The "Regulations for Nisterization and Drug Control of Smoking in Ningning Border Area in Shaanxi and Gansu" will be further refined on May 27, 1937 "The Notice of the Northwest Office of the Soviet Government"、specific。It not only expands the scope of "smoke poison" from opium to morphine、Gao Gen、Heroin and various tobacco poisoning or chemical pills，And for the first time in the form of criminal one -line legislation, "absorbing or injection of smoke poison", "planting opium smoke" and "manufacturing or injection of tobacco poisoning equipment", etc.，Make the anti -drug crime in law can be dependent on、There is a chapter to follow。

A complete drug control administrative legal system formed by the border area。According to incomplete statistics，More than 30 policies and regulations formulated by the governments of the Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningxian District Government reached more than 30，Involved in the anti -drug leadership system、Drug control、Detoxification measures、Administrative Penalty、The guarantee mechanism, etc.。For example, the "Organization Regulations of the Smoking Inspection Office of the Shaanxi -Gansu Ningxin Border Area" stipulates that the anti -drug tissue and their responsibilities and powers in the border area，belonging to the administrative organization law。The establishment and strengthening of specialized anti -drug tissues，It is an organizational guarantee for drug inspection in the border area。December 1941，The Fifth Government Conference Decisions of the Border Border Area，Establishment of the Smoking Inspection Office of Shaanxi bet365 best casino games -Gansu -Ningxin Border Region，Anti -drug work in the special division area。November 1943，The border area government is a streamlined institution，Decide to unify the anti -smuggling organization and work。will sell opium and make trouble、Salt smuggling、Conduct tax evasion and other anti -smuggling tasks are placed under the unified command and management of security organs，Original smoking inspector organ merged into the organizational system of the security organs。After the Japanese invaders surrender，Drugs from the previous enemy occupied areas penetrated into the border area，In view of this，February 1946，The "Measures for Drugs for Investigation and Drugs in Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningxian Border Area"，On the border government government, set up the inspection committee，Establishing a seminars for each partition，All the necessary staff and the inspection team，Responsible for investigating opium、Drug trafficking incidents such as fabrics。

"Interim Measures for Search Opium Drugs in Shaanxi -Gansu Ningbian District" and "Measures for the Inspection of Opium Drugs for Banning Supervision Office of Shaanxi -Gansu Ningbian District Government"、Report、Administrative reward system for seized drug criminal behavior。"Measures for Drugs in the Investigation of Drugs in Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningbian District" stipulates the rules and confiscation of drugs and confiscation、Process program and other systems。At the same time，The edge area is constantly modified according to the actual situation、Supplement、Improve the content of anti -drug legislation。For example，The "Interim Measures for Seizing Opium Drugs" in the border area has been carried out three times，Make it more targeted。

The border area also passes the command、Instruction letter、Answers、Notice, etc., has established smokers registration、Work assessment and other basic systems。In September 1943, the government government “prohibited Opowant smoke” to the Commissioner ’s Office、The county government issued a letter of instructions，Requires "Registration of smokers，Smoke addiction、Age -time quitting "" Limited to Movement of bet365 Play online games Smoking and Smoking Quitting Competition，Reward by quitting it "。At the same time，Also "take the work of anti -drug as one of the results of governments at all levels"。

　　Fighting drug criminal activities in accordance with the law

The judiciary of the border area provides a strong guarantee for the in -depth anti -drug movement。Judicial organs adhere to the criminal policy that combines the combination of suppression and generosity，Highlight the key points of blow，Reflecting the difference，Through judicial trials to severely crack down on drug criminal activities，Improve the people's knowledge of the general public、Anti -virus、Refusal Consciousness。In judicial practice in the border area，The situation of applicable to suppress mainly includes: direct or indirectly instructed Japanese invaders to harm the nation with smoke poison (crime of traitor)、Disdible and civil servants engaged in drug crimes。At the same time，Lighter to crimes、Repeatation carefully，or drug criminals with a wide punishment plot，Give a lenient punishment in accordance with the law，Differentiated to disintegrate drug criminals，Prevent and reduce drug crimes。As "Lei Haiming、Zhang Wenxiu exchanged cows with cigarette paste，Yan'an County Court after hearing that: Lei Haiming sells opium at the beginning of Lei Haiming，Subsequent fraud，It is now treacherous，Should be given sanctions，​​Education with funding，Therefore, the labor service was sentenced to three months; Zhang Wenxiu started to sell cattle at first，After returning home, I was anxious to return home with cattle to change cigarette paste，Three months of labor should be placed，For half a year to take care of production probation。

Emphasized judicial trial work emphasizes substantive righteousness，helps to eliminate the tension between legislation and social reality of the border area，Avoid problems in the trial of obvious faults。According to the "Regulations on the Regulations on Smoking and Smoking forbidden to Smoke in Ningning Border Area in Shaanxi and Gansu"，Behavioral behavior of buying and selling or trafficking，Determine the weight of punishment as the value of its smoke poison。The Bet365 app download value of smoke to smoke is within 10 yuan，A bit of hard work of less than a month。The value of smoke poison is above 500 yuan，The death penalty will be sentenced to death。But the question is，The price of the border area has soared after 1941，This will undoubtedly bring huge challenges to the conviction and punishment of drug crimes。For this，Dean Lei Jingtian of the High Court of the Border Area clearly stated: "It is necessary to change flexibly Bet365 lotto review according to different environments，If the past regulations are specified in selling opium three or two、Those valued at 500 yuan will shoot "，"But consider the rise of prices，It should be dealt with as appropriate "。

　　Strict measures to implement drug management and control

The primary part of the treatment of drugs in the border area is to curb illegal planting，Disotropic source。Each Spring Season，Government of the border area will repeatedly emphasize the development of production as a key service，It is strictly forbidden to plant smoke。such as from January to March 1943，The Border District Government has issued two orders on banning opium seedlings，Reading "Opium seedlings have always been prohibited in this government" "If there are still private species，Strict punishment for lending shall be severely punished in accordance with the law "。At the same time, it emphasizes: "If governments at all levels ignore the infamctions，More punishment。"Although so，There are still illegal people stealing opium in remote places in the border area，But once found，That is, the local government is strictly eliminated immediately，never tolerate。such as April 13, 1943，For Suide、The masses of the two counties of the two counties stealing the smoke seedlings，Chairman of the Border Area Government Lin Boqu、Vice Chairman Li Dingming called Cao Liru Cao Li Ru, a specialist、Deputy Commissioner of Ma Yuzhang，Requires to investigate immediately，Quickly eliminate，and the results of the results of the results of the investigation and handling the border area。

The Border Area Government actively take various measures to help smoke smoke to abstain from opium。First，Register the smokers at all levels，Different precepts specified Bet365 lotto review according to different ages，and ask the township government or village director to check at any time。Such as a 3 -month quote for 3 months under 30 years of age，Five months of precepts for 5 months under the age of 40，A 10 -month quotation of 10 months under the age of 60。If you refuse to register or have not quit after the deadline,，Generally, in prison or hard work for less than half a year，fines below Kebai yuan，Still to quit again within a time limit。

Next，The local government is based on the actual situation，Concentrated smoking quitting of smoking quitting when necessary。March 1940，Then the head of the Matson County Mayor of Quzi County to set up a smoking quitting office in the text of the Civil Affairs Department。1 director set up at the smoking cessation、Gangfu 2 people，Direct Leadership of the First Division of the Quest County Government，Funding is attached to the government budget。Smoke abstain from smoking (except punished in accordance with the law) together，A imprisonment education，On the one hand, they make their labor production。As of 1941，Only the Yan'an Municipal Government's Smoking Banning Committee，1,398 "addicts"。Last，Anti -drug and major production movement、Social movements such as the transformation of "Second -Streaming Son" are combined，Transforming smokers into a new type of workers in the border area。Liu Shenghai, the "second -rate son" of smoking poison in Wuqi County，Education transformation，Eventually it becomes a well -known "Model Model of Salt"，was a typical portrayal at the time。

　Border Area "It is worthy of smokingbidden model area"

A series of measures for governance of smoke poison in the border area，Received great results。1942 Banning Festival "Xinhua Daily" published short reviews，Praise the "Shaanxi bet365 best casino games -Gansu -Ningxin Border Area and the Enemary of North China，Smoking，So far，So far，The ban has been completely done，Although surrounded by the enemy's evil forces，Forbidden suction and sale，The results are Zhaozhao，The facts are all，It is worthy of being called a model forbidden to smoke "。1944，American journalist Formian, an American journalist in the northwest visiting Bet365 app download group of Chinese and foreign journalists, said in the Report from Red China，"I traveled in the Communist Party for five months，No trace of opium is found "。Discovery and practice of drug problems in the border area according to law，Chinese Communists and the Border Area Government not only effectively curb the spread of drugs in the border area，Give those who are trying to borrow drug problems for stigma、Virginters hit with the most powerful back，It also realized the shaping of "new citizens"，The image outside the revolutionary base led by the Communist Party of China has been greatly improved。

(This article is the theoretical and Practical Research Research on the "Anti -drug Policy System" (16jz086) phased achievement of the Shaanxi University Social Sciences Research Base Project)

(Author Unit: School of Administration Law, Northwest University of Political Science and Law; School of Law, Xi'an Jiaotong University)