The "Forum on China-Africa Cooperation-Dakar Action Plan (2022-2024)" adopted by the Eighth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation on November 30, 2021 emphasized,China and Africa “should continue to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of rule of law” and “jointly commit to the improvement and improvement of the existing international rule of law system”。Africa is the continent with the highest concentration of developing countries,China is the largest developing country,There is a profound historical foundation for China and Africa to attach importance to and strengthen exchanges and cooperation in bet365 sign up bonus code、Important practical significance and feasible implementation path。
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First,Both China and African countries have made their own contributions to the development of bet365 sign up bonus code。Professor Sani Mohammed, Director of the AU African Institute of bet365 sign up bonus code, once pointed out,In the formation of the international order after World War II,China and Africa are treated as “second-class citizens”,The role has been underestimated for a long time。After China and African countries gained complete independence from colonial rule,They actively participate in international affairs,Have made respective contributions to the formulation and improvement of international rules。For example,The Nyerere Doctrine on Succession of State Treaties Proposed by African Countries、The concept of maritime exclusive economic zones has been adopted by the Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea。The "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence" first advocated by the Chinese government has become a basic principle of bet365 sign up bonus code,It is a supplement and development to the United Nations Charter;China creatively proposes the policy of “one country, two systems”,Properly resolved the historical legacy of Hong Kong、Macau problem,Enriching the content of bet365 sign up bonus code;The concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind proposed by President Xi Jinping has also been included in United Nations resolutions,Enriching the thoughts of bet365 sign up bonus code and rule of law,Recognized and accepted by more and more countries and international organizations in the world。
Secondly,China and the vast number of developing countries, including African countries, have joined hands to promote the development and improvement of international rules,Making the international political and economic order develop in a more reasonable direction,Effectively safeguarding the interests of developing countries。At the Bandung Conference in 1955,China and other Asian and African countries proposed ten principles for handling relations between countries,It is the enrichment and concretization of the Charter of the United Nations;The Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization established under the Bandung Conference has become an important platform for coordination and cooperation between China and Asian and African countries in the field of bet365 sign up bonus code;In the 1960s and 1970s,The United Nations General Assembly adopted a series of General Assembly resolutions such as the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, the Resolution on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources, and the Principles of bet365 sign up bonus code on the Establishment of Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,Some have become an important part of international customary law;Since the 1980s,China and the vast number of developing countries including African countries are still in the bet365 sign up bonus code of the sea、International Environmental Law、International Human Rights Law、Many important principles of bet365 sign up bonus code have been proposed in the field of multilateral trade,Such as the principle of "common inheritance of mankind"、Principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”、The principle of "the right to survival and development as basic human rights"、Principle of “Special and Differential Treatment”, etc.。
Finally,China and African countries also support each other’s reasonable claims based on bet365 sign up bonus code,Mutual support each other’s rational suggestions and proposals on reforming and improving international rules。For example,In the 2016 South China Sea arbitration case,China’s reasonable position on the South China Sea issue in accordance with bet365 sign up bonus code,More than 30 African countries have expressed their clear support;The written opinions submitted by the Chinese government in the consultation procedure of the "Chagos Islands Advisory Opinion Case" of the International Court of Justice clearly stated,China has always firmly supported the United Nations decolonization process,Fully understand and support Mauritius’ legitimate and reasonable demands on the issue of decolonization。This opinion of the Chinese government has been appreciated by the majority of developing countries including Mauritius。For the Chinese government’s proposal to promote the construction of the “One Belt, One Road”,African countries have also given positive responses and strong support。
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First, it is conducive to maintaining the United Nations as the core、International system based on bet365 sign up bonus code。Since the end of World War II,With the United Nations as the core、The international system based on bet365 sign up bonus code provides overall world peace、Stability and development provide institutional guarantee,It also provides a favorable environment for developing countries to win sovereign independence and collective rise。China and African countries work together,Can promote the effective observance of international legal rules,Make bet365 sign up bonus code not just a tool for some big countries to pursue their own interests。
Second, it can promote the reform and improvement of international rules,Make new contributions to global governance。In the formulation of specific international rules,China and African countries can cooperate on the basis of bilateral and multilateral cooperation,Reflecting the voices of developing countries,Strive for more rights to speak。For example,On WTO reform、Protect biodiversity、Coping with climate change、Cyberspace governance and other fields,China and African countries can work together to play a greater role。President Yusuf of the International Court of Justice once called on developing countries to inherit and carry forward the Bandung Spirit,Promote the new development of bet365 sign up bonus code in the new era,Propose universal application for increasingly active international exchanges and cooperation、Principles of bet365 sign up bonus code that are more predictable and fair。
Third, we can jointly resist the unilateralism of certain countries、Trade protectionism and bullying。The world today is undergoing major changes unseen in a century。Unilateralism、Trade protectionism and bullying are on the rise,Multilateralism and economic globalization encounter countercurrents,The authority of bet365 sign up bonus code and the international order are under attack。In this case,China and African countries should strengthen cooperation in the field of bet365 sign up bonus code,Promote the maintenance of core values of bet365 sign up bonus code。
Fourth, it can provide legal protection for China and Africa’s high-quality joint construction of the “Belt and Road”。As of February 6, 2022,China has signed documents on jointly building the “Belt and Road” with 52 African countries,China-Africa economic and trade relations have further developed。But China and Africa are in the process of jointly building the “Belt and Road Initiative”,Many legal issues also arise,Need to attract the attention of both parties。For example,How to deal with the increasing number of civil and commercial matters、Investment dispute,How to effectively combat transnational crime,How to strengthen bet365 sign up bonus code cooperation in anti-corruption and other issues,It has become an urgent legal issue that China and Africa need to face。
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First,bet365 sign up bonus code and Africa can strengthen bilateral exchanges and cooperation in the legal field。For example,Chinese investment has spread to 52 countries in Africa,Civil and commercial matters between bet365 sign up bonus code and Africa、Criminal cases involving almost every African country,But bet365 sign up bonus code only has effective bilateral investment protection treaties with 20 African countries,There are only effective bilateral civil and commercial judicial assistance treaties and effective bilateral criminal judicial assistance treaties with 5 African countries,There are only valid extradition treaties with 7 African countries,There are only valid bilateral tax treaties with 13 African countries。Therefore,bet365 sign up bonus code should vigorously promote the signing of bilateral investment protection treaties with more African countries、Treaty on Judicial Assistance in Civil, Commercial and Criminal Matters、Bilateral tax treaties, etc.,At the same time, actively promote the implementation of signed bilateral treaties,In order to create a solid bilateral legal framework for the long-term development of bet365 sign up bonus code-Africa economic and trade relations。
Secondly,China and Africa should pay attention to legal exchanges and cooperation in multilateral fields。For example,In the field of civil and commercial affairs,China can strengthen cooperation with African countries with the Hague Conference on Private bet365 sign up bonus code and relevant United Nations agencies,quickly、Properly resolve the increasing number of civil and commercial cases between China and Africa;In the field of investment,China and Africa can strengthen cooperation under the framework of the Washington Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other Countries。In addition,In view of the problems existing in the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes and the current reforms,China and Africa can jointly put forward proposals for the reform of the center that reflect the needs and interests of developing countries;In anti-corruption and combating transnational crime,China and Africa can cooperate within the framework of the United Nations Convention against Corruption and the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,Combating various commercial bribery and other transnational crimes,Removing obstacles to the healthy development of investment between China and Africa。
AGAIN,China and Africa should also strengthen legal cooperation within the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization。The Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization is currently the only intergovernmental legal consultative organization in Asia and Africa,Its purpose is to provide advice to member governments in the field of bet365 sign up bonus code,Provide a forum for Asian and African countries to cooperate on legal issues of common concern,It is a dialogue between legal professionals from Asia and Africa on legal issues、A platform for exchanging experiences。AALCO currently has 16 African member states,China joined the organization in 1983。Therefore,This organization is also an important platform for legal exchanges between legal professionals from China and African countries。China can strengthen cooperation with this organization,Negotiate and negotiate on legal issues of concern to China and African countries,Develop corresponding conventions or model laws,Reduce legal conflicts between countries along the route,Strengthening civil and commercial affairs among countries along the route、Criminal judicial assistance,Combating various transnational crimes,Avoid double taxation,Build a solid legal “firewall” for the smooth implementation of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative in Africa。
Finally,Expand exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and African bet365 sign up bonus code scholars。Since the "Sharm el-Sheikh Action Plan (2010-2012)" proposed that China and Africa decided to hold the "Forum on China-Africa Cooperation-Legal Forum" at an appropriate time,Legal professionals from China and Africa have held six consecutive legal forums。China and Africa can continue to improve the mechanism construction of the "Forum on China-Africa Cooperation-Legal Forum",Hold “China-Africa bet365 sign up bonus code Forum” or “Developing Countries bet365 sign up bonus code Forum” at an appropriate time,Provides a platform for exchange and cooperation between bet365 sign up bonus code scholars from China, African countries and other developing countries,Let’s call for the reform of unreasonable international rules,Better maintenance with the United Nations as the core、International order based on bet365 sign up bonus code。
(This article is a phased result bet365 sign up bonus code National Social Science Fund Research Special Project "Research on Localized Legislation in Africa" (19VJX062))
(The author is the director of the bet365 sign up bonus code Legal Research Center, Institute of West Asian and bet365 sign up bonus code Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher)
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