Since the 20th century，With the continuous excavation and research of the historical materials of the "Dance Pavilion" of the Northern Song Temple,，Scholars based on this as an important basis "Chinese opera originated from the folk，Source in the countryside "has a wide range of views。such as，Wang Daju's "The Instead of the Song Dynasty Dance Pavilion of the Early Song Dynasty in Jinnan Wanquan County", based on the value of the value of the dance pavilion of the rural temple in the early Song Dynasty in the early Song Dynasty of the Song Dynasty, " The emergence of the building to see the development of Chinese opera -In the article "Shannan Drama Monument" in central and southern Shanxi passed the research on the inscription on the "Dance Building" category of the Northern Song Dynasty，It is believed that "art originated from the folk，The source of Chinese opera is in the countryside "。

Actually，The dual -opposing method of opera's dual opposition from rural or cities is yet to be discussed。Because，In ancient China，Temple sacrifice show in the countryside，The temple sacrifice show in the city also exists in large quantities; the commercial performance in the city has the business performance in the Washe hook bar，Rural Temple Society also has a performance of business artists who hire specialized music and dancers。Therefore，If the opera originated from rural or urban，It seems not the key to the bet365 live casino games problem，The key to the problem is，These music dancers have embarked on a special professional road due to market demand。This can be seen from the following aspects。

First, the phenomenon of commercial employment of opera artists in the Song Dynasty is extremely common。Employment phenomenon is a common social phenomenon in ancient Chinese society，The "Yongbao Miscellaneous Works" as early as the Qin and Han dynasties is an empirical evidence of employment workers in various industries，After Wei, Jin, Tang and Song，Hire workers are more widely popular in various industry departments，Classes believe in the article "Questions about the Workers of the Song Dynasty"，"In the Song Dynasty，Whether in agricultural production (including tea planting、Fruit leaves, etc.)，Still in handicraft production (including salt industry、Squiring industry、Silk weaving、iron smelting industry, etc.)，Whether in the countryside，Still in the city，All have the existence of employees。The employee has been formed in the Song Dynasty as a class of society，There is no exaggeration "。(Qi Xia "About Song Dynasty Workers' Problems"，"Journal of Hebei University" 1987, No. 3) The and employment system of the Northern Song Dynasty (originated from and buying transactions) has been widely used in court music practice activities (Kangrui Jun "Research on the Palace Music System of the Song Dynasty"，Shanghai Conservatory of Music Press, 2009 edition)，Has a strong business transaction nature with the employment system。Kang Ruijun's research in "Holy employment system and its role in the role bet365 best casino games of the Song Dynasty court music"，The main ways (people) in the Song Dynasty and the hired musicians、Luqi (person)、Miscellaneous、City people、、Sanle、Little Ying、Return to people and other types。Huang Tianji、Kang Baocheng believes in the article "Research on Ancient Chinese Drama Forms"，The Northern Song Dynasty "‘ and employment 'professional artists become a momentary atmosphere ”。

The second is the prosperity of the opera market since the Northern Song Dynasty。In the Song Dynasty, it was descended，Rural Temple Performing Drama、City hooks also have acting，Palace Banquet、Awards for the private house mansion，There are miscellaneous dramas，These belong to the market demand of the opera industry。Popularly commercially commercially commercial Vashe Gouhe Performing Drama，Discussion has been more，Don't repeat。As far as the acting of the Rural Temple Society，The Sanxian Temple of Ziyun Mountain, Ziyun Mountain, the Northern Song Dynasty of the Northern Song Dynasty (1122) "Ziyunshan New Lingzhu Temple".，Where there is。Daxing for offering，Daxing for offering。Daxing for offering，Equipment、Dharma，僭 僭 King; Hundred Opera Prostitutes，Not 赀 赀。Lawsuk Mo Zhi Forbidden，get used to it "。(The monument is stored in the East Stele Pavilion of Sanxian Temple, Ziyun Mountain, Sanzhun Mountain, Laitou Town, Changzi County, Shanxi Province，Stele high 122 cm，67 cm wide，Side width 16 cm，Zhengshu，笏 趺 趺。Wang Xiwei "Detective Discovery in the Performance of the Northern Song Dynasty" bet365 Play online games in the Northern Song Dynasty contains full text，"Drama" No. 1, 2015)，Tuned it, "it can be seen that it is on the performance of hiring hundreds of thepes prostitute musicians，The silver two spent is not a small number; and the old man of Song Xianxian "Shi Shui Wen Ji" Volume 12 "Shi Shao Zhongbei" records the competition in the party area of ​​Laizhou，Called "Puzhou Shangdang Party One fool，With the wealthy party，Digest of the villagers thousands of people welcomes West Zhai，Yisaiqiu Club。He was convicted because of the Yiwei Po Po System "(Zhao Bingwen's" Leisure Elderly "Volume 12" Shi Shao Zhongbei "，Guangxu Guizhou Haifeng Wu's School)，Emphasize the "Caixiong side" of the Fool People，Great 僭 僭 僭 僭 僭 僭 僭，So he was convicted，It can be seen that this "foolish people" sponsored a lot of funds for this event activity，Among them, there are many employment of professional opera artists。As far as the Metropolitan Temple Fair Club is concerned，Chengdu Dasheng Ci Temple in the first year of Xining of the Northern Song Dynasty (1068) "Shou Ning Yuan Ji" inspired "Ducheng Dasheng Ci Temple according to the belly of 阓阓，Shang Lingjia，Tea Furnace Medicine List，The shed Zhanzhang，Promoting excellent plays and the like，坌 其。Multi -view of the tour，and know the joy of one side;，Knowing the people's livelihood is also given;，Knowing the time of Taiping also "。(Long Xianzhao、Cai Dongzhou and others edited "Bashu Buddhist Integrated Integration"，Bashu Book Club, 2004) The Qiantang Temple Mountain Temple Fair in Song Dynasty，bet365 best casino games Except for a variety of dazzling、Excellent and delicate supply，The dedication team is also very grand: "Most of the Mansion and the internal officials welcoming the horse，Equipment forgiving，Delivery ... Each with color flags、Adjacked、Prostitute、Dance Team and other agencies ... Taige，God Ghost Wei Yong，And on top of the terrace。From morning to twilight，Viewers have。11th，There is an Qianle in the temple，The staff of the staff of the Education Institute leads the color of the music department，Make Making Lo presenting "。People Culture，"Mengliang Lu" Volume 1，Zhou Feng's "Tokyo Menghua Record" (four outer)，Culture and Art Publishing House 1998 Edition) These can be seen that the market potential of the music dance opera performance in the Song Dynasty。After the Great Change of the Tang and Song Dynasties，The status of civilians gradually increases，The situation of the unique status of the nobles is completely broken，People Culture、Public art gradually emerges。Here，What to emphasize is particularly emphasized，Not the public must be art producers，A large number of people belong to the appreciation of art、Taste，expanded market demand。

Third, the combination of rotation system and employment system in the music system，Promote the palace hall、Washe hook bar、Temple Dance Pavilion、The content and form of music dancers performed by private houses and other places have been fully communicated。Li Guotao thinks，Look from the historical data，Palace Education Fang cut off the musician，Often devoted bet365 best casino games to the folk hookrack Washe to make livelihood，This will inevitably bring the superb music dance watch acting skills in the court to the folk。(Li Guotao's "Study of the System Study of Preditors to the two Songle officials"，Guangdong People's Publishing House 2009 edition)

Fourth is the professionalization of a hundred opera man music artists、Specialized，prompting its artistic standard to greatly improve，Miscellaneous drama artists appear in large quantities。"Tokyo Menghua Record" Volume 5 "Jingwa Guli" contains "Education Square reduction and review: Zhang Cui Gai、Disciple Zhang Cheng、Xue Zi Da、Xue Zixiao、Qiao Zhier、President Yang Xi、Zhou Shounian、Call for Heart "(Written by Meng Yuan Lao、Li Shibiao Note "Tokyo Menghua Record" Volume 5 "Jingwa Geyi"，Shandong Friendship Publishing House 2001 edition)，Among them, Xue Zida、Xue Zixiao、Unearthed by portrait artist portrait and other miscellaneous drama artists，It is even more affirmed that these miscellaneous drama artists were loved by the people at the time and were widely sought after by the people。(The Discovery of Liao Ben "Discovery of the Portrait of the Portrait of the Northern Song Dynasty"，"Central Plains Cultural Relics", No. 4, 2015; Kang Baocheng's "The Newly Discovered Sifang Northern Song Dynasty Inscription Miscellaneous Brick Carving Test"，"Central Plains Cultural Relics" 2015 No. 4)

Demand in the opera market in the Song Dynasty，Professionalization of opera artists，The professional training of the professionalization of the artist has prompted the great improvement of the art level of opera，bet365 best casino games This should be the main reason for the generation of opera in the Song Dynasty。

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(Author Unit: School of Drama and Film and Television, Shanxi Normal University)