Global Governance is one of the most important propositions in the international community after the Cold War。Global governance is based on international institutions and rules，aimed at building peace、Order、International mechanism with rationalization into basic characteristics。International organization is a tool for global governance、Places and main participants。Global governance discourse expands the scope of international organization power、Form and Political Justice。With the deepening of global governance，The power of international organizations has become more diverse、Disposal，The influence of international organizations continues to expand。It is necessary to use political science and sociology research，Pay attention to international organizations from legal power to knowledge power，Reflection of expert governance issues in global governance，Then strengthen the accountability mechanism of international organizations，Provides international law programs for promoting more fair and reasonable global governance order。

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For a long time，International law scholars emphasize that the power of international organizations comes from the authorization of sovereign countries。Beyond the power of power，International Organization Law and the Law and the Law Circles also based on several consultation opinions from the International Court，Development of "implication of power" theory。In addition to the power stipulated by the articles of association, international organizations，You can also achieve the purpose and purpose of the organization，exercise the necessary power。Professor Dan Sarooshi of Oxford University in the book "International Organization and its sovereignty"，Different from the degree of authorization based on the degree of authorization, divide the power basis of international bet365 live casino games organizations as agents、General authorization and transfer of three different types。The definition of the power of international law on the power of international organizations has largely borrowed the theory of authorization of the administrative agency in the domestic public law。Facing the international community with completely different structures，This theory faces many challenges。International organizations in fact are often not limited to explicit power or implicit power stipulated in the articles of association of the International Organization;，often contains persuasion、persuasion、Impact and other types of informal power; the purpose and purpose of the organization are often diversified or even conflict，Can't determine the border of the organization's power，It is also impossible。A large number of international public issues are managed due to the lack of public power，The field and object of becoming a governance of international organizations。

In this regard，The research of political scholars provides useful supplements for international law。Michael Barnett and Martha FinNemore, a professor of international relations and politics at Georgetown University in the United States, put forward it in the article "The Power of Free International Organization"，International Organizations Enjoy four authority: Law -Reason and Authority、Authorized authority、Moral authority、Professional authority。From the perspective of political science，Member State authorized is just one of the sources of power of international organizations。The source of power of international organizations is often diversified、Composite、Self -strengthening。Interpret international organizations，Restricted international law scholars to understand the power operation of international organizations more comprehensively。In the source of the power of international organizations，It is particularly worthy of attention to the power enjoyed by international organizations based on Bet365 app download professional knowledge，This article is called knowledge power。

　　Governance of professional knowledge

Why does global governance rely on professional knowledge to govern? Because there are few direct political authority at the global level。Even the United Nations or other international organizations，Its political power rarely achieves through violent machines like domestic。UN peacekeeping missions are more of the national army; although NATO is nominally international organization，In fact, it is dominated by a few European and American countries。The ideology of global governance itself is a through technology、Reason、Experts and other technical solutions to replace political governance paths，Dedicated that there is no technical bureaucracy under the world government。Professional knowledge for the shaping of global governance，Not only in providing acceptable global governance plans，More importantly, first positioning what is the global problem。Identification of global issues、Settings、Solution is increasingly dependent on the production and intervention of Bet365 app download professional knowledge，Peter Hass, a professor of political science at the University of Massachusetts in the United States, proposed the concept of a cognitive community in the early 1990s，Refers to the recognized professional and ability in specific fields，and the network。It is the specification shared by professionals、Principles、Cause and Effects、Plan countermeasures，How to determine how specific professional problems should be fixed、Analysis and processing。So，Cognitive community is academic with professional knowledge as the core、Government、Policy formulation community of social departments such as international organizations and large enterprises。

The process of global governance depends on the discourse mechanism of professional knowledge to achieve，Professional knowledge provides the awareness and analysis framework of global issues，Provide a rational basis for institutional policy practice，At the same time, bet365 Play online games it also limits the discourse system of argument and debate。Knowledge power determines the epistemology framework of global governance and possible solutions，There are many influences on the operation of global governance。First，Compared with authorization power，Knowledge power strengthens the independence and autonomy of international organizations。The independence of international organizations is no longer based on international legal personality，or the neutralization of international civil servants，It is based on its professional knowledge system。This allows international organizations to maintain a political distance with member states to a certain extent。2，Knowledge power increases the professional threshold of participating in global governance。Global governance is increasingly becoming expert governance，Non -professionals are often difficult to challenge the professional decision of experts。third，The professional knowledge of the international organization and the highly coupling of the knowledge of mainstream disciplines in Europe and the United States，strengthened the dominance of global governance in Western countries。This also makes the challenge to the existing global governance order needs to enter the professional internal to expand。

　　Perspective knowledge and hegemony

The direct significance of global governance is not in the results of governance，and in the governance process。Global governance is both a related power、Global allocation mechanism of wealth and discourse rights，It is also a globalization、Self -identity、The subjective shape process of the image with others and other images。professional knowledge needed for global governance，First of all, it needs technical feasibility，Can transform its recognition of global problems into managable problems。A large number of global issues due to the lack of professional knowledge or related technology，The scope that cannot be included in global governance，It is considered a natural phenomenon (such as the deep sea earthquake)Bet365 lotto review 。Global governance knowledge must provide adequate governance tools for international organization bureaucrats，Easy to organize intervention international problems、Expansion influence。So，Organizational knowledge selection and production，It is a political choice process。Next，Global governance knowledge is not to finally solve problems，and can manage problems for a long time or permanently。sustainability，It is also the basic element of producing global governance。For example, cracking down terrorism、Protecting the environment、Protective human rights、Copy climate change, etc.，All are the problems of long -term existence of the international community in the foreseeable future。So，The governance of these issues allows relevant international organizations and professionals to gain long -term stability legitimacy。

Knowledge power has strong professionalism，The production of international order often follows the maximum utility principle，What can be included in the utility calculation，often reflects the value preferences and positions of Western countries。In the form of upper and neutral、Professional knowledge for governance，Avoid political economics behind global governance，often makes the interests of developing countries a necessary cost and attachment damage for global governance。Operation through knowledge power，The damage encountered by a large number of developing countries has been "legally" excluded from the picture of global governance，So，The shadow of knowledge power is often hidden in a country where the existing global governance system cannot be sounded、Group and individual。

　　Return to international rule of law from technical authority

Under the unreasonable change in the world in the world，The international community's demand for global governance gradually increases rather than weakening。my country is also actively participating in the reform and construction of the global governance system，Dedicated to the participants of the global governance change process、Bet365 lotto review Promotioner、Leader，Can't just satisfy China's capital contribution and voting rights in the form.，Even the growth of the number of Chinese officials among senior officials of international organizations。Continuously expanding the right of representatives of developing countries、Based on the right to speak，China should pay close attention to the knowledge power of international organizations，Dedicated to change the knowledge and power system of international organizations。This not only requires China to cultivate a large number of international organizations grass -roots civil servants，And should be committed to exporting competitive concepts in the output of professional knowledge、Theoretical and knowledge system，and then transformed into a professional knowledge of international organizations。

At the same time，The principle of improving global governance must return to the rule of law，Strengthen the accountability mechanism of international organizations，Avoid technical rights，Strengthen democratic participation、Reason decision -making and rights protection。，The international legal community has also tried to propose some legal response plans，Including Global Administrative Law、The theory of public power theory of international organizations，It has its own focus，But in terms of focusing on the focus of attention from international organizations to the power exercise of the power of international organizations，from the internal transfer of international organizations to the external relationship of international organizations。The decision -making mechanism of global governance，Emphasize that international organizations have obligations to ensure the right to participate in procedures of the stakeholders、Ensure transparency and information disclosure、A judicial or quasi -judicial review of organizational decisions。At the same time，The physical obligations of international organizations have also attracted increasing attention from the academic community，Mainstream opinions emphasize that international organizations have the responsibility to obey human rights obligations、Environmental obligations、Labor protection obligations、Bet365 app download Humanitarian Law Obligation，and other general international law rules。In short，It is necessary to strengthen the interdisciplinary research of international law and political science，Legal theory of developing international organization power，In -depth for China、Effectively participate in global governance to provide theoretical foundation。

　(Author Unit: School of Law of Peking University)