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This situation has been clear from the era of human society from the industrial era to the digital age.，The modernization of the industrial era gradually changed to the modernization of the digital age。The advancement of modernization in the digital era depends on new laws、Support of the new system and new concepts，Public management theory also requires corresponding changes、Support for new theory，also requires support of "new technology"。

　　"Old and Old Technology" and "Settlement Cost" in the evolution of the era

In the industrial era, human society has produced some high gold content management/governance theory，From the perspective of the public administrative academic community，There are more management/governance theories that continue to occur with the advancement of the industrial era，Such as: Traditional Public Administration Theory、New public administrative theory、Privateization Theory、Democratic administrative theory、New Public Management Theory、New public service theory、Public governance theory and public value management theory, etc.，Among the eight public administrative theories，The first six types are continuously replaced with the evolution of the industrial era、Replace the leading position of the previous theory in the public administrative academic community，The theory of holistic governance and public value management theory all appeared in the end of the 20th century，In the early 21st century, he presented in a parallel situation in the public administrative academic community。From the perspective of the times，These eight types of public administrative theories are all management/governance Bet365 lotto review theories in the industrial era。

Highly modernization of the industrial era will form a "precipitation cost"，These "precipitation costs" may exist in physical forms (such as production equipment)，It may also exist in an intangible form (such as institutional and concepts, etc.)。The existence of these "precipitation costs" has formed a blocking of modernization in the digital age。Judging from the evolution of various theories in the public administration，Most of the theory generation、Development and reduction process confirms the situation of "new technology" to "old technology" and "precipitation cost" of intangible material，For example: Traditional Public Administration Theory、New public administrative theory、Privateization Theory、Democratic administrative theory、New public management theory and the theory of new public service are all "new technologies" at the beginning，But the evolution of the times has gradually reduced these theories to "old technology"、Intangible "precipitation cost"。

　　Create "Tool -Value Rawnal" spectrum

At the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century，Some countries in Europe and the United States and China have begun to evolve from the industrial era to the digital age，There are some differences in the response to this change in different countries in different countries，The most obvious manifestation of this difference is that there are "division" in the European and American public administrative academia: in the United States，Public value management theory in the value of value rational spectrum is the dominant position of the new public management theory in the rational spectrum system of tool rational spectrum;，The overall governance theory of the tool rational spectrum system replaces the leading position of the new public management theory that also belongs to the instrumental rational spectrum in the public administrative field。Compared with the theory of new public management，Public value management theory and overall governance theory are "new technologies"，It can be compatible with the environment of bet365 live casino games the macro -era change in the digital age in the industrial era，The main manifestation is that it can effectively solve the various problems that occur in the process of the times。The two were born in the process of evolution of the industrial era to the digital age，With "transitional nature"，At the same time, it has the characteristics of the industrial era and the characteristics of the digital era，All are important foundations for the theory of governance in the digital age。In a macro environment comprehensive in the digital age，The adaptability of the two and the macro environment gradually decreases。From this，Building a new public administrative theory (forming a "new technology") to promote the modernization process of the digital age becomes an objective demand，The generation of governance theory in the digital age responds to this demand。

Starting from the theoretical origin, analysis can be discovered: the theory of governance theory and integrity governance theory in the digital age，The former is the deepening development of the latter in the digital age、Specific application。Compared with the theory of integrated governance，The theory of governance in the digital age effectively absorb some of the theories (especially the theory of public value management) in the public administrative field of value rationality (especially the theory of public value management)，and on this basis, try to integrate the rational and value rationality of the internal tools，Create a "tool -value rational" spectrum in the field of public administration。These measures are consistent with the needs of the evolution of the times。

More than ten years，Digital technology has penetrated into major countries in the world。Under this macro situation，Urgently need new governance theory to promote the comprehensive development of the digital era，And the comprehensive advent of the digital age also requires efficiency and fairness in the process of governance，This requires new governance theory bet365 live casino games to have both tool rational and value rational colors，The theory of governance in the digital era is consistent with these needs。Visible，Compared with the theory of overall governance and public value management theory，The adaptability of governance theory and digital age in the digital age is significantly higher。

Compared with the previous public administrative theory，The theory of governance in the digital age is the "new technology" generated in the digital age environment，Can promote the evolution of the digital age (itself)。The digital governance that Western countries are being fully developed are the results of this theory in practice in many countries in the West，Construction of digital governance related systems based on the theory of digital age governance，It is an important manifestation of the speed of the system to keep up with the speed of modernization。This practice reaction to the theoretical level，It will definitely promote the evolution of the theory of governance in the digital age，The evolution of theory continues to act on digital governance practice in many countries，Help the improvement of digital governance levels in these countries。

　　The issue of efficiency and fairness is still worthy of attention

Although the theory of governance in the digital age has at the same time, it has tool rational attributes and value rational attributes，At the same time, pay attention to efficiency and fairness，But it does not mean that applying this theory to practice can achieve efficiency and fairness at the same time。If this theory cannot be properly used during the digital control process，It is very likely that it has not achieved efficiency，Never achieve fairness。

From the perspective of efficiency，The theory of governance in the digital era is used in the practice process and does not necessarily bring high efficiency，As: Some government will provide digital governance objects based on digital government governance platforms，This move enables certain digital governance objects to get rid of time and space restrictions bet365 Play online games to obtain (digital) public service。But it must be noted that not all digital governance objects (such as groups or elderly people with low education levels or elderly people) can use the digital government governance platform to obtain digital public services，For these digital governance objects，The use of governance theory in the digital age has not improved efficiency，instead hinders them to get public services。

From the perspective of fairness，Governance theory in the digital age can effectively improve the governance efficiency of many countries，But it must be noted that there are a large number of non -netizens and some "non -complete Internet users" in various countries (selectively use some smart devices citizens，Citizens who use the Internet but do not use smartphones)，These governance objects are affected by various factors and are unwilling or difficult to effectively use smart devices to obtain digital public services，The presence of these groups means: the theory of digital age governance theory is used in the practice process，It is impossible to provide digital public services for all digital governance objects。From the perspective of age，young people in non -netizens and "non -complete Internet users" are easier to transform into netizens or "complete Internet users"，But the older crowd is more difficult to transform into a netizen，The existence of these groups means that the theory of governance in the digital age is used in the practice process that it has not fully achieved fairness，The key to solving this problem is to increase the corresponding training strength of this group，Make it into the digital era，But this is by no means a goal that can be achieved in the short period。

When the theory of governance in the digital age is used in the practice process but fails to effectively achieve efficiency and fair time，This theory cannot be regarded as a complete "new technology" in the digital era，but a flawed "technology"。If you fail to effectively solve this problem，Governance theory in the digital bet365 live casino games age will definitely be replaced by another public administrative theory of "tool -value rational" spectrum。Of course，As far as the development process and development trend of governance theory in the digital age，It is very likely that it is replaced by other public administrative theories in a short time: on the one hand，Most of the theories currently in the field of public administration，It is still divided into a tool rational spectrum or value rational spectrum，"Tools -Value Reason" spectrum has not yet appeared other theories，In addition to the theory of governance in the digital age，There is no public administrative theory that is well integrated with tool rationality and value rationality。On the other hand，Governance theory in the digital age has been evolving，This theory appeared "first wave" in 2002，"Second Wave" in 2010，With the joint efforts of the theoretical and practical circles，The "third wave" of the theory of governance theory in the digital age will be。

The emergence of the "third wave" of governance theory in the digital age，The digital era "new technology" feature that can effectively strengthen this public administrative theory，Make it dominant in the field of public administration for a long time。More important thing is，This evolution helps to continuously improve the theory of governance in the digital age，Probability of this theory is used in practice to achieve efficiency and fairness。We have reason to believe，Chinese scholars today are more and more participating in the research and practical application process of governance theory in the digital age，It will be able to help the development of governance theory in the digital age。

　　(Author Unit: Public Management Teaching and Research Department of the Party School of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China)