In the process of global urbanization，Economic activities and population are further gathering to some cities，Another city for various reasons，Facing the dilemma of "contraction"。"SHRINKING City" This technique refers to the continuous movement of the population of some cities、loss，The phenomenon of smaller urban scale。

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In Europe and the United States，Many cities are facing the situation of "contraction"。Since the urbanization process of the corresponding country has basically ended，Slowing economic growth，Economic Structure Transformation，Stable population scale and even due to aging aging, the population increases negatively，As a result, the population of some cities continues to decline、Urban scale continues to shrink。In the UK，Most of the large cities except London，such as Manchester、Liverpool and other are almost "contracted"; in the United States，The urban contraction on the northeast industrial zone represented by Detroit is the most typical。Urban contraction has brought problems in all aspects，Including fiscal revenue reduction，A large number of houses and public infrastructure idle，Public service projects are not educated in the number of services、The quality is further reduced，Lack of maintenance of houses and infrastructures leads to accelerated depreciation damage，etc.。

"shrinking city" is a new concept，but not a new phenomenon。The concept of "contraction city" in 1988 was proposed by some German scholars，Research on this problem Multi -use city recession、Attenuation (decay)、abandonment and other terms，But the problem that follows is similar。After 2000，With the increasing increasing the problem of the western contraction city，The problem of urban contraction is gradually obtaining the academic bet365 best casino games world，Especially urban planning、Following the field of urban economics and the public。Where，2006，The research results formed by the research results of the research project funded by the Deutsche Federal Cultural Foundation formed by the research project formed by the "shrinking city" of the German Federal Cultural Foundation, the two -volume monograph Shrinking Cities has received extensive attention。With more and more scholars participating in research，The connotation of the shrinking city is also more abundant，From the changes in the number of people's population to the changes in the number of population to studying the movement and consequences of the contracted cities; from the description of the phenomenon description to the research framework recognized by the academic community。As a research framework，The shrinking city contains the consequences caused by the loss of population to the cause of the loss of the urban population，Discuss the trajectory and type of contracted cities，and propose reasonable response measures for urban contraction issues。

Related research found，Some cities in China also show the characteristics of contracted cities。November 2014，Scholars who are concerned about contracted cities in China have jointly launched the "China shrinking city research network"，Continuously tracking international research in the contraction city，and carry out domestic theoretical and empirical research work。The problem of shrinking the city also values ​​the policy level。April 8, 2019，The National Development and Reform Commission released the "Key Mission of the New Town Construction in 2019"，It is clearly stated that "shrinking small and medium -sized cities should lose weight，Incremental planning thinking of changing inertia，Strictly control the increase、Verifying stock，Guide the population and public resources to concentrate to the city "。

　Focus on local contraction in the underdeveloped areas、shrinkage of resource type and old industrial cities

From the perspective of the world，The causes of urban contraction since World War II include de -industrialization、Suburbanization、aging aging、Post -socialist transformation, etc.。China's urban contraction phenomenon is a special product of the interaction of rapid urbanization and local development mechanisms，Except for the common causes of some international contracted cities，It also includes a unique contraction mechanism based on China's development stage and actual situation。Research on domestic contraction cities in recent years，Mainly focused on three aspects。

First, use data analysis such as the census，Which regions of identification、Which cities have contracted，To determine the research object。Research results show，There are 180 contracted cities in my country，accounting for 27.5%of the total city in the country，East、Middle、There are distribution in the west。The largest number of all counties in the city -level cities in all shrinking cities，There are 139。Although my country has a wide range of contracted cities，But compared to some typical contracted cities internationally，The degree of shrinkage of cities in my country is still lower，The contraction rate of most population is less than 10%。Some scholars believe it，The shrinkage of some cities in my country belongs to a phased temporary phenomenon。

The second is to analyze the phenomenon and characteristics of urban contraction，Types of contraction cities。That is, after determining which cities can be attributed to the contracted city，Specific analysis of the phenomenon and characteristics of these contracted cities。Study found out，A clear contraction phenomenon has appeared in some cities，But in the plan of the city, it is still based on the hypothesis of the future population rise，The contradiction of population contraction but urban space expansion。This "Growthism Logic"，Both reflect the expected expectations of urban management and Bet365 lotto review planners still hold the urban population to continue to grow，It may include land finance brought about by urban expansion、Motivation of actual interests such as investment promotion。Summary has already studied，Classification of inductive contraction cities based on the recognized contracted city catalog，Mainly local contraction of the urban agglomeration、Local shrinkage in the regional area of ​​the area、Administrative division adjusts contraction、Resource types and old industrial cities contraction and other types。In the current China，City contraction that really needs close attention in the narrow sense，It is mainly local contraction in the underdeveloped region and the contraction of resource Bet365 app download type and old industrial cities。

Third, studying the cope with urban contraction，When facing urban contraction，How should local governments formulate and adjust urban planning、How to formulate investment and operating strategies for urban infrastructure、How to manage the adverse consequences of contraction with the benefits of maximizing the people (or the negative effects brought about by shrinking)，etc.。In summary，When facing the problem of urban contraction，There are three types of response strategies: freedom、Do nothing; unwilling to accept the reality of urban contraction，Try to reverse the decline，Stimulate population growth and urban expansion; reality of accepting urban contraction，Do not seek cities to expand again，Take measures to deal with and manage the consequences of contraction。At present, domestic research focuses more on and summarizes the experience and cases of urban contraction in foreign countries，Introduce concepts and strategies such as "Smart contraction"，Lack of inductive and summary of the situation against China。

　　Given the opportunity to transform the city and regenerate

For cities with a certain scale，The response strategy of letting self -current flow is relatively rare，Responsible urban managers can hardly take response bet365 live casino games measures。Policy ideas based on growth strategy (including stimulating development by expanding the investment and construction of the public sector)，If the city's contraction cannot be reversed，This countermeasure may cause greater vacancy and waste，to exacerbate contraction。

In the case of irreversible urban contraction，Policy measures under the growth strategy must be considered，Correspondingly reducing the size of the city may be a more suitable choice。Urban contraction is not a rotten decline，Instead from a form of the city to another different urban form，Given the opportunity to transform the city and regenerate。From the perspective of the practice of urban contraction internationally，When the urban contraction occurs，The following response strategy has a certain effect: dismantling the abandoned old building，Transform the abandoned plot into a green space、Farmland or restore the original appearance，beautify the city's landscape; encourage residents to residentially live (concentrated residence point is also known as "city island")，Reduce the cost of public services and public infrastructure operation costs，Infrastructure with low utilization rate of shutdowns; establish land banks，Recycling the abandoned houses and plots、Set up，To improve the operating status of urban land and houses，etc.。

During the contraction of cities in cities，There are many differences in China and other countries，In some links, it can highlight the advantages of my country in governing cities。For example，my country's policy of implementing urban land in China，From the perspective of land real estate rights, it is conducive to the government's unified planning and disposal of idle land and assets caused by contraction。my country's grass -roots government has a strong mobilization ability，Mobilize residents to live in concentration、Overall relocation and other actions to reduce the cost of urban operation，There is a huge advantage; local governments also have stronger resource bet365 best casino games mobilization capabilities，It is conducive to the finishing and disposal of idle assets。

Some cities in our country have preliminary experience in responding to urban contraction。For example，In Yumen City, Gansu Province，Due to the relocation of Yumen Oilfield and the municipal government's resident site，Caused by the people in the old urban area of ​​Yumen，Some plant -based factory areas in the urban area、Large -area idle。To cope with this problem，Yumen City mainly adopted the following measures: First, do not give up the old urban area。The production operating area of ​​the oil field continues to run in the old urban area，There are still more than 20,000 residents living in the old urban area，Therefore, the old urban management committee was established while relocating、Party Working Committee、Social management and service agencies such as street communities，Make sure the operation and development of various undertakings in the old urban area。The second is to adopt "shrinking edge，Prosperity Center "strategy，Get the residents of staying residents in Beiping District，Reduce public service costs，This response strategy similar to foreign "urban islands"。other，Yumen City has also adopted to organize and activate idle resources、Use the idle resources of the old urban area to build the Yumen Iron Man Wang Jinxi Cadre College，and create a red tourism in the old city of Yumen、Industrial tourism、Film and Television Base and other measures。Current，Yumen's measures to deal with urban contraction in the old urban area are still in the starting stage，Whether it can be successful will be tested by practice，But many of its practices are reasonable from theoretical logic，Following the concept of "Smart contraction"，worthy of attention and thinking。

Overall，The time when the contraction of the city in my country is still short，The situation is not serious，Related cases and practices are still less。To promote the thinning body of a contracted small and medium Bet365 lotto review -sized cities，Need to study early in the academic community，Summary of a contracted city response strategy based on China's national conditions; the government needs to adjust the urban development policy in a timely manner，Breakfast，Scientific response，Effectively protect the interests of the people。

　　(The author is an associate researcher at the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher at the National Financial and Development Labs)