With the continuous progress of public administration and the increasingly frequent foreign academic exchanges，Empirical bet365 horse racing odds gradually develops in public administration，The scientific nature and standardization of public administration bet365 horse racing odds are also constantly improving。However，In the process of selecting bet365 horse racing odds methods，Whether to adopt normative bet365 horse racing odds or empirical bet365 horse racing odds has become one of the issues debated in academic circles，The focus is on how to treat quantitative bet365 horse racing odds。In recent years，These phenomena have caused reflection in the academic community、Question and even debate。As in quantitative bet365 horse racing odds，Although the bet365 horse racing odds methods and techniques used in some papers are impeccable，But the bet365 horse racing odds significance is pale and empty，The bet365 horse racing odds hypothesis is far-fetched, etc.。Judgment on such issues，Some hit the nail on the head，Some are off topic，Expanded into questioning and denying quantitative bet365 horse racing odds and even the entire empirical bet365 horse racing odds itself。Of course we cannot completely deny quantitative bet365 horse racing odds methods，But it should also be rational、Objective、Taking a targeted look at the different roles played by different bet365 horse racing odds methods in public management bet365 horse racing odds，And provide objective judgment on its application and development。

　　Adhere to the empirical bet365 horse racing odds paradigm Encourage diversification of bet365 horse racing odds methods

After years of development in China’s public administration discipline，Empirical bet365 horse racing odds has become a bet365 horse racing odds paradigm generally recognized by the public administration community。Although，Theoretical innovation is far more difficult than method innovation，Theoretical accumulation requires far more investment than the study of bet365 horse racing odds methods。But objectively speaking，Have a solid grasp of empirical bet365 horse racing odds methods，And an analytical technique，Whether it is qualitative bet365 horse racing odds technology or quantitative bet365 horse racing odds technology，It’s not an easy task either。Therefore，In principles of application of public management bet365 horse racing odds methods，First of all, we must avoid being afraid of bet365 horse racing odds methods、Analytical tools create resistance，Avoid not being good at or not knowing how to study methods，Just the right bet365 horse racing odds method、Analytical tools for questioning and denial，After all，Any criticism and reflection，It should be based on their full mastery and understanding of specific things。

On the one hand，Public management should adhere to the empirical bet365 horse racing odds paradigm。First，Insist on empirical bet365 horse racing odds，Does not mean a denial of normative bet365 horse racing odds and its contributions。Normative bet365 horse racing odds is the bet365 horse racing odds of desirability，It solves the problem of "what should be"，This means，Engaging in normative bet365 horse racing odds requires strong theoretical and practical accumulation。Therefore，For the majority of young and middle-aged scholars，Carrying out down-to-earth empirical bet365 horse racing odds is probably what we need to do more at the bet365 horse racing odds stage we are in。In addition，There is no question of which one is better between normative bet365 horse racing odds and empirical bet365 horse racing odds，The former solves the problem of "what should be"，The latter solves "what"、Why” question，The difference lies in the bet365 horse racing odds purpose and context。For example，When artificial intelligence was first applied in public administration，If you want to discuss the penetration of artificial intelligence into the boundaries of public management and public services，The normative bet365 horse racing odds conducted by senior academics based on their own academic accumulation and knowledge accumulation is very instructive。But，Once bet365 horse racing odds in this field enters a stable development stage，Empirical bet365 horse racing odds will be able to more scientifically summarize the essential attributes and development laws of phenomena or problems in this field，And quickly became the mainstream paradigm of bet365 horse racing odds。

Second，Empirical bet365 horse racing odds does not only refer to quantitative bet365 horse racing odds。So-called empirical bet365 horse racing odds，Refers to the collection and analysis of empirical data using scientific methods，From individual to general，A bet365 horse racing odds method that summarizes the essential attributes and development rules of the problem，Covers quantitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds and qualitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds。In empirical bet365 horse racing odds，Data collection methods include questionnaire method、Unstructured interview method、Observation method、Experimental method、Literature Law, etc.。Different data collection methods determine differences in data analysis methods。such as，Unstructured interview method、Observation method often corresponds to qualitative analysis method；Questionnaire method、Experimental methods and literature rules often correspond to quantitative analysis methods。Although there are differences in specific methods between the two，But the bet365 horse racing odds logic is consistent，They are all based on specific empirical facts to reveal general conclusions。One-sided understanding of empirical bet365 horse racing odds as quantitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds，Consider normative bet365 horse racing odds as qualitative bet365 horse racing odds，These are all misunderstandings about the concept of empirical bet365 horse racing odds。

　Third，Qualitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds and quantitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds must be done with both hands，Both hands must be hard”。Qualitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds and quantitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds should be two sets of methods that a public management scholar can freely use according to bet365 horse racing odds needs in his bet365 horse racing odds，To avoid the situation of “not using” or even completely denying it just because you “can’t”。Regardless of qualitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds，Still a quantitative empirical study，All should follow standardized empirical bet365 horse racing odds logic。For example，Using a single case to test theoretical hypotheses，Violates the logic of empirical bet365 horse racing odds，Not scientific enough and standardized；Even using dual cases for bet365 horse racing odds，If it is not based on the logical ideas and bet365 horse racing odds design of empirical bet365 horse racing odds，The bet365 horse racing odds hypothesis cannot be tested either；A paper simply stacking cases cannot be called quantitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds。

On the other hand，Discipline development should allow and encourage the diversity of bet365 horse racing odds methods。In recent years，With the development of society，The complexity of public issues is increasing，From Economics、Sociology，Even System Engineering、Computer science scholars are beginning to pay a lot of attention to issues in the public domain，And quickly form a series of bet365 horse racing odds results。Facing this phenomenon，Don’t be confused、Anxiety or fear。Need to know，The complexity and diversity of public affairs and public issues，Determines the inevitability of multidisciplinary bet365 horse racing odds in public management；Public administration itself is a typical interdisciplinary subject、Comprehensive、Applied academic fields。This phenomenon of "letting a hundred flowers bloom" is the need to respond to practical problems at this stage，It is also one of the symbols of the growing development of China’s public administration discipline。Therefore，Diversification of bet365 horse racing odds methods should be allowed and even encouraged。As long as it is based on the problem orientation of this discipline，Problem bet365 horse racing odds based on this discipline，We are in bet365 horse racing odds methods and technical means，Diversity can be encouraged。Researchers based on bet365 horse racing odds needs，Don’t be afraid of new methods，Dare to break through the comfort zone，Carry out new learning，Explore methods and techniques in new or even other professional fields，Or actively seek to conduct cross-bet365 horse racing odds with scholars in other professional fields，Carry out new efforts and attempts。

　　Scientific selection of bet365 horse racing odds methods Reasonable use of analytical techniques

In a study，Methods and techniques are just tools，It is the right tool that the author needs to use when telling a meaningful "story" and digging out a deep pattern。As in quantitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds，The real difficulty does not lie in methods and techniques，But how to carry out careful theoretical deduction of bet365 horse racing odds hypotheses、The quality of data and resources and the reliability and validity of the bet365 horse racing odds。Therefore，You still need to be in awe of data and bet365 horse racing odds methods，Don’t get bogged down in methods and techniques，Ignore the significance of bet365 horse racing odds、Theoretical support and innovative value。

On the one hand，The selection of bet365 horse racing odds methods and technologies should be based on “appropriateness”。bet365 horse racing odds methods and analysis techniques，No distinction between good and bad，Only whether it is suitable or not。Quantitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds papers are not necessarily “advanced” than qualitative empirical bet365 horse racing odds papers，bet365 horse racing odds on emerging big data analysis tools is not necessarily “advanced” than traditional sampling bet365 horse racing odds。The choice of bet365 horse racing odds methods must be based on the bet365 horse racing odds purpose、Meaning、Content，It even depends on factors such as bet365 horse racing odds funding。For example，Sometimes，Through one-on-one in-depth interviews，It may be possible to collect more information from the grassroots than a large-scale questionnaire survey、A vivid case with the cultural characteristics of Chinese public organizations。Methods and techniques are just tools for us to tell a good “story” in our discipline，The appropriate method is the best method。

On the other hand，You need to have a rational attitude towards learning bet365 horse racing odds methods and analysis techniques。Since the choice of bet365 horse racing odds methods should be based on “appropriateness”，So when we face the "let a hundred flowers bloom" analysis technology，You also need to maintain a rational attitude。For example，Scholars who use social statistical tools to conduct quantitative bet365 horse racing odds，No need to master all statistical analysis software，There is no need to blindly pursue the "fashionability" of tools，Statistical analysis software knowledge should be updated according to the needs and progress of bet365 horse racing odds。In other words，Each specific analysis technique has applicable bet365 horse racing odds content and goals，You should choose the most suitable method according to your own bet365 horse racing odds goals and content。If the appropriate analysis technology is your own knowledge blind spot，We must study down-to-earth，Or find relevant professional scholars for collaborative bet365 horse racing odds，Avoid blind and inefficient learning due to unnecessary knowledge anxiety。

The growth and development of any discipline cannot be separated from the support of the bet365 horse racing odds method system。Empirical bet365 horse racing odds should be the bet365 horse racing odds paradigm adhered to in public administration。In addition，As social phenomena and management issues become increasingly complex，Both practice and theory also require continuous innovation in bet365 horse racing odds methods and analysis techniques。Interdisciplinary bet365 horse racing odds may even become an important development trend in academic bet365 horse racing odds in the future。In the process，The attitude towards bet365 horse racing odds methods should never remain unchanged，There should be no regressive behavior that doubts the need to adhere to scientific bet365 horse racing odds methods；should actively explore and learn，Use scientific bet365 horse racing odds methods to promote theoretical innovation，solve new、More complex social issues and management issues。Meanwhile，We also need to be aware of it，bet365 horse racing odds methods and analysis techniques，It is just a tool for us to achieve our bet365 horse racing odds goals and promote theoretical innovation，Don’t put the cart before the horse。Only focus on methods and ignore the significance and theoretical contribution of a study，bet365 horse racing odds will lose the soul；Resist the development of scientific bet365 horse racing odds methods and the integration of multiple bet365 horse racing odds methods，bet365 horse racing odds will lose momentum。

　　(This article is a phased result of the Ministry of Education’s Humanities and Social Sciences bet365 horse racing odds Youth Fund Project “bet365 horse racing odds on Dynamic Governance Mechanism for Public Service Quality Evaluation and Early Warning in the Big Data Era” (20YJC630213Z)

(Author’s unit: School of Public Administration, Fujian Normal University)