bet365 cricket odds empowerment: a social capital-based perspective
June 03, 2020 08:42 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Journal" Issue 1939, June 3, 2020 Author: Gao Yuntian Huang Jianhong

bet365 cricket odds governance is an important substantive carrier of social governance,The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to create a social governance pattern of joint construction, joint governance and shared benefits,To "strengthen the construction of bet365 cricket odds governance system,Promote the focus of social governance to move down to the grassroots,Play the role of bet365 cricket odds social organizations,Realize government governance and social adjustment、Benign interaction among residents’ autonomy”。This provides directions and goals for bet365 cricket odds governance system innovation,And how to achieve this goal,Exploring bet365 cricket odds governance innovation has become a specific and urgent issue in the field of social governance research。In many explorations,Empowerment theory gradually enters the field of vision of scholars,Become one of the theoretical tools for studying bet365 cricket odds governance。

  From empowerment to participation: the critical role of social capital

Empowerment in social governance is just a means,In the final analysis, effective participation of citizens must be achieved through empowerment,Thus changing their disadvantaged position in society。If empowerment is used as a way to promote social governance,It must involve empowered participation;If empowerment is viewed as a means to improve governance performance,Then participation is a means closer to this goal。In fact,Understanding empowerment from a process perspective,It itself also contains factors such as "participation"。Therefore,The question "how to achieve effective empowerment" can be replaced with "how to achieve social interaction among residents、Participate、The question of "expression and action practice are more effective"。Study this issue,Can be analyzed with the help of "field" theory。Bourdieu thinks,Field is the space where capital is produced and reproduced,Capital is the driving force for dynamic changes in various relationship networks within the field,Capital has social capital、Three types of cultural capital and economic capital,Different capital represents different social energy。Then,In the field where empowerment activities take place,Social capital constitutes a special kind of social energy and plays a key role。

Social capital affects bet365 cricket odds empowerment mainly in two aspects。On the one hand, it affects the willingness of the empowered objects。Although bet365 cricket odds empowerment has two dimensions: intrinsic empowerment and extrinsic empowerment,Actually, it’s more about external empowerment,For example, by cultivating bet365 cricket odds social organizations and integrating residents into social organizations,Then,Are bet365 cricket odds residents willing to participate in the activities of bet365 cricket odds social organizations,And then participate in bet365 cricket odds governance?It depends on their willingness to participate。In fact,Residents who are in an advantageous position in terms of social capital,Their willingness to participate is also stronger。On the other hand,Social capital also affects the effect of residents’ participation in bet365 cricket odds governance during the empowerment process。Because of people with more social network connections,They also have a greater influence on the bet365 cricket odds,Their demands and expressions of interests will receive more attention。

However,Looking at the bet365 cricket odds as a whole,bet365 cricket odds social capital has a stronger impact on bet365 cricket odds empowerment。The main path to bet365 cricket odds empowerment is through cultivating social organizations in the bet365 cricket odds,Promote the growth of endogenous power in the bet365 cricket odds,bet365 cricket odds social capital is crucial to the cultivation and development of bet365 cricket odds social organizations。Because bet365 cricket odds social capital is trusted by the bet365 cricket odds、Composed of three elements: bet365 cricket odds reciprocity norms and bet365 cricket odds relationship network,These three types of elements are important conditions for the cultivation and development of social organizations。

  Organically integrate bet365 cricket odds capital and empowerment

The cultivation of bet365 cricket odds social capital cannot be completed overnight,Integrating the cultivation of bet365 cricket odds social capital into the process of bet365 cricket odds empowerment can effectively promote the organic integration of the two。Among them,Whether it is the cultivation of bet365 cricket odds collective action or the improvement of bet365 cricket odds capabilities,It must be based on awakening and stimulating the common consciousness of the bet365 cricket odds。

First,Inspire and develop bet365 cricket odds norms of reciprocity。The norm of reciprocity is an express provision or customary habit that people fully consider and promote the interests of others in the course of their actions,It is an important condition for a bet365 cricket odds to be formed into a bet365 cricket odds of interests or even a cultural bet365 cricket odds。Judging from the content,Inspire and develop bet365 cricket odds norms of reciprocity,The first thing is to promote the construction of a common culture in the bet365 cricket odds。Discover the historical traditions or other realistic characteristics of the bet365 cricket odds,Shape the common culture of the bet365 cricket odds around one or two core points,Enable bet365 cricket odds residents to have more sense of identity and belonging to the bet365 cricket odds。In the process of bet365 cricket odds cultural construction, we must pay attention to the historical nature of cultural content,We must also reflect openness、Clear contemporary nature and inclusiveness。The purpose of bet365 cricket odds culture is to truly integrate into the daily life of bet365 cricket odds residents。This process can also be completed by inviting a professional cultural team to help create。

At the same time,Construct institutional norms based on common culture,Improving the bet365 cricket odds governance structure。Some communities can try to formulate bet365 cricket odds civility conventions,Make invisible norms tangible,In order to enhance bet365 cricket odds residents’ awareness of rules。This will help strengthen public order in the bet365 cricket odds,Also promote the institutionalization of residents in bet365 cricket odds governance、Organized participation。Also,From the perspective of bet365 cricket odds common culture construction,We must pay special attention to the role of bet365 cricket odds media,Use social network media,Push out the common culture and institutional norms of the bet365 cricket odds in a way that the masses like to hear and see。Of course,Also make full use of the bet365 cricket odds bulletin board、Diversified methods such as bet365 cricket odds cultural experience rooms form synergy,Nurture bet365 cricket odds norms of reciprocity。What needs to be noted is,The above methods should be close to people’s daily life,In recent years, some rural communities have begun to popularize the habit of bet365 cricket odds residents having New Year’s Eve dinner together,This method that is both based on traditional festivals and close to daily life is more effective。

Secondly,Establish and improve a dense bet365 cricket odds neighborhood relationship network。A dense neighborhood relationship network can provide timely and effective communication for the actions of bet365 cricket odds residents,Reduce friction and conflicts between individuals,Ensure unity and coordination of actions。The most important thing in building a dense neighborhood relationship network is to develop and establish various forms of bet365 cricket odds autonomous organizations,Of course this is also one of the important paths for bet365 cricket odds empowerment。

Promote the establishment of neighborhood relationships through the development of bet365 cricket odds autonomous organizations,The following points should be done: First,Strengthen the dominant position of bet365 cricket odds autonomous organizations in the bet365 cricket odds,And establish dense internal connections。The initiators and main leaders of bet365 cricket odds self-governing organizations should be bet365 cricket odds residents,Ensure autonomous organizations represent and safeguard the interests and rights of the bet365 cricket odds。Also,Autonomous organizations must establish internal communication and coordination mechanisms,Election of organizational leaders、Construction of the main topics of the organization、Effectively guarantee the participation rights of organization members in terms of organizational budget and other aspects,To establish a network of connections between organizations and members and among members。Second,Establish a close relationship between bet365 cricket odds autonomous organizations and bet365 cricket odds residents。In traditional society,bet365 cricket odds residents have a somewhat distrustful attitude toward social organizations。To overcome this,It is required that bet365 cricket odds autonomous organizations should take the daily needs of bet365 cricket odds residents as their basic direction and starting point,Provide security patrols for bet365 cricket odds residents、Legal consultation、Convenient services、Voluntary services with various contents and forms such as charity donations。This can bring the distance between bet365 cricket odds self-governing organizations and bet365 cricket odds residents closer,Making bet365 cricket odds residents interested in understanding and accepting the services of bet365 cricket odds autonomous organizations,Even participate in bet365 cricket odds self-governing organizations。

 Finally,Focus on cultivating the social capital of disadvantaged groups in the bet365 cricket odds。The disadvantaged groups in the bet365 cricket odds are a very special group in the bet365 cricket odds,In the process of the impact of bet365 cricket odds social capital on bet365 cricket odds empowerment,Their role cannot be ignored。On the one hand,The current status of social capital they grasp has a "barrel effect" on the social capital of the entire bet365 cricket odds,Resolving their difficulties in life is of great significance to the construction of bet365 cricket odds social capital。On the other hand,In the process of bet365 cricket odds governance,When the interests of vulnerable groups in the bet365 cricket odds are not given special consideration,They are more likely to use what Scott calls the “weapons of the weak” to resist and avoid collective action。This is true for collective action as a whole,Has a negative diffusion effect to some extent,And affect the overall effect of bet365 cricket odds empowerment。Cultivation of social capital for disadvantaged groups in the bet365 cricket odds,The most important thing is to increase their economic capital,Economic capital is more short-term realizable than social capital,Furthermore, economic capital can also be converted into social capital in due course。Including expanding bet365 cricket odds minimum protection levels,Increase coverage,Realize one-on-one assistance to vulnerable groups in the bet365 cricket odds,Create training opportunities for disadvantaged groups in the labor force,Enhance their employment competitiveness,Guide them to work,Increase their income level,Escape from economic disadvantage。In addition,We must also actively guide vulnerable groups to participate in bet365 cricket odds public life,Exercise their skills to participate in public life,Let them gain a sense of accomplishment while participating in public life,Thus becoming more confident,This way,Their social relationships will be richer。

Social trust、Reciprocity norms and relationship networks do not exist in isolation,They are based on each other,Complement each other。Only look at the relationship between the three dialectically,And effectively apply it in practice,In order to establish rich social capital,Achieve good bet365 cricket odds empowerment,Truly create a social governance pattern of co-governance, co-construction and sharing。

  (Author’s affiliation: School of Politics and Public Administration, Suzhou University、Jiangsu Province New Urbanization and Social Governance Collaborative Innovation Center)

Editor: Wang Ning
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