With the strategic position of urban and rural safety, it gradually increases，The concept of "toughness" is widely explored and studied，Many international authoritative organizations have proposed strategies and ways with theoretical and practical guidance。If the United Nations International Disaster Reduction (Unisdr) introduces the concept of "toughness"、Construction "Tough City"，The ability to improve the flexible disaster and disaster，and maintain the basic structure and function of the urban system。Different from traditional disaster prevention and disaster motion，The concept of "Toughness" provides a forward -looking new concept and new direction that comprehensively solves complex problems。It involves engineering technology、Economy、Society、Space and other dimensions，Uncertainty to adapt to the risk of future disasters，greatly promoted the transformation of urban safety management and control thinking and research paradigm。Enhancement of toughness in urban and rural areas，The construction of urban and rural public safety systems that help adapt to disaster risks，and the goal is longer for a long time，Method more sustainable，Time and Space scale More dimensions，More relationships。

Public space has spatial advantages and social advantages in the enhancement of urban and rural toughness。Public space truly reflects the total process of social production，Continuously changing with the reconstruction Bet365 app download of social order，Reflected the structure of social organization、Political system form、Economic development status、Cultural consciousness cognition and daily habits。As an important material space carrier for people's communication between people，In addition to the space attributes of public space，It also has social attributes，Openness、Publicity、Fair Features，There is no gap between users and boundaries for users。The current open space in my country has the green space of government funding and development and management、Plaza, etc.，There are also buildings with private development management or public -private cooperation in a market economy。Development、belonging to、Management、Multiple attributes used，It determines that the public space will involve urban planning、Economy、Management、Municipal、​​Garden、Environmental behavior and other multidisciplinary directions，Carrying multi -party interests and needs。Facing multi -level、Under the influence of multiple periods of disaster chain，In the process of slowing adaptation and recovery to stability,，Public space has both spatial advantages，There is a social advantage。

Space advantage is mainly determined by the essence of public space。On the one hand，Whether it is open and closed，Public space is flexible and orderly under urban planning and control to combine the urban or rural environment，instead of simple independent existence。Its space can be at least losses，The effect of buffering and blocking disasters，It can also accommodate the needs of people's daily activities or affected activity needs to the Bet365 lotto review greatest extent。Layout education exchange、evacuation、Emergency avoidance and other space functions and related service facilities，Make it an important space area for the urban and rural public safety system，Reflecting the comprehensive quality of urban and rural areas and unique landscape features。On the other hand，Public、Open、Share、The essence of fairness makes public spaces have deep humanistic connotations。Set the facilities and landscapes with humanistic care，Use public places to carry out publicity and education，Realize the mutual assistance of the neighborhood，Enhanced neighborhood communication，Important social advantages that reflect the public space。The above two advantages can be applied to the following three ways，Help urban and rural tough enhancement。

Coordinated construction and governance of infrastructure and public space，Ensure the social attributes of engineering facilities。Facing the risk of disaster，Infrastructure as an important defense expression and backup support，can be divided into resistance lines and life cables。Seaside、The storm barrier is to resist the line of defense，Some important urban and rural transportation、Hydropower Pipe Network、Municipal infrastructure such as communication facilities is an important lifeline after the disaster。Infrastructure is usually led by the government、Planning control from top to bottom、Construction and Management，Has a large scale、Features of cross -regional，Effective rigidity resistance of the impact on disasters from engineering technology。But，The structural characteristics of the current infrastructure bet365 Play online games are simple、Strong、Expressing strong "resist" and "protection" functions，But lack of certain social functions。First，Evaluate the special location of feasible，Coupling infrastructure and green space and other types of public spaces to varying degrees，And add public facilities such as exhibition hall、Museum、Landscape facilities, etc.，Enhance the social service efficiency of its disaster; second，Public space can build facilities with defensive functions in the planning and design session。After the East Coast of the United States suffered by Hurricane Sandy in 2012，New York City shows a series of urban tough enhancement plans through the competition，Among them, the "The Big U" solution cleverly combines the defense function of infrastructure with the urban public space。Infrastructure functions and spaces are no longer single，Combination with the public space of people's daily recreation activities，Slimagely resisting rigidity into a multi -dimensional space with public service significance。This space binding，Meeting pre -disaster education and pre -judgment、Resist during the disaster、Functional requirements for quickly providing supply and recovery recovery after the disaster，A enhanced social attributes of engineering facilities。

Coordinated construction and governance of the urban and rural public space system，Spatial toughness to enhance the environment of urban and rural communities。Public space mainly relies on various types of land use，It is an indispensable life for urban and rural community units、Recreation、AC place，and reflect public service functions。The public space of each community unit and the surrounding affiliated public space has important public safety bet365 Play online games auxiliary significance，But the urban and rural public space not only has cloth points，At the same time, it also has space network features。So，Coordinated Construction is integrated、Systemic public space，It helps to play the buffer and linkage of space，Realize space redundancy，Priority of the use of layout space，Precision risk aversion range and rescue path。Specifically includes the following three aspects: First, urban and rural flood control space system。You can use the waterfront park green space system，Planning multi -space with both flood control and public service functions，Breaking through the spatial range of administrative management，Realize the risk sharing of key areas、Independent responsibility or synergy governance。Second is the spatial system of emergency shelter。Can be combined with park、Plaza、Affiliated Greenland (such as campus) and other urban green space systems，Public space system with emergency hedging function，Evaluation risk，Determine high priority management、Set emergency hydropower of independent system、Sanitation and other infrastructure。Third is the post -disaster emergency space system。Combined with medical and health facilities at all levels、Important public institutions、Traffic route,According to various cities、Township、The characteristics of the community may be affected，Planning and orderly planning emergency rescue and rescue lane after the disaster。

Build a collaborative platform based on public space，Efficiency of enhancing the toughness of urban and rural areas。Multiple traits of public space determine its plan、Design、Management、Using Susu Bet365 lotto review to build open、Comprehensive collaborative platform,to improve the efficiency of the implementation of toughness and enhancement strategies and schemes，Avoid the situation of their respective politics。First，Build a multi -disciplinary multi -regional professional and technical exchange platform，Implement management of public space、Planning and design and engineering technology effective dialogue and communication understanding。This will help plan the layout of infrastructure from top to bottom、Public facilities、Traffic Channel，Public policy, etc.; Optimize the cooperation system and mechanism of multi -regional co -management; solve the problem that the information caused by the unclear responsibility of academic gap and management，To achieve efficiency、Accurately solve the contradiction。Next，Build an information service platform，Build a big data information basic platform。According to data and theoretical technical methods，Realize different public information services and information sharing at different times。It mainly includes pre -disaster education and early warning、Real -time information update and release of refuge and disaster situation during the disaster，and the mental healing after the disaster、Enhancement of the Community Social Relations Network。This information can be achieved based on the material basis of public space。Last，Build a public participation platform。Through some public policies and incentive mechanisms，Realize the feedback from the bottom up from the real interest; fully attach great importance to the endogenous power of society，bet365 Play online games Make the tough enhancement strategy and solution of public space as the carrier is more landing、practicality; while giving full play to the advantages of public individuals and groups，Implement the efficient technical advantages of the government and the department，True realization of urban and rural tough enhancement。

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